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1.
养殖活动对超微型浮游生物分布影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用流式细胞仪对河北省扇贝养殖区微微型浮游植物、异养细菌、浮游病毒4季的丰度分布特征进行了研究,分析了三者与环境因子的相关性,并与渤海、北黄海非养殖区的超微型浮游生物丰度的分布特征进行对比。结果显示:在养殖区海域,聚球藻丰度在9.00×102—7.07×105cell/m L之间,峰值出现在秋季,且与其他季节差异显著(P0.01)。微微型真核藻类丰度在5.80×102—3.23×105cell/m L之间,夏季赤潮暴发期间,丰度达到3.23×105cell/m L,显著高于其他季节(P0.01)。异养细菌丰度在3.10×105—3.79×106cell/m L之间,峰值出现在秋季,夏、秋季丰度显著高于春、冬季(P0.01)。浮游病毒丰度在2.50×105—2.17×106cell/m L之间,峰值出现在秋季,但无显著性季节差异(P0.05)。通过主成分分析发现,聚球藻、微微型真核藻类、异养细菌和浮游病毒的丰度在不同季节受到不同环境因子的影响。在春、冬季,温度是主要影响因素;而在夏、秋季,主要受到营养盐的影响。养殖区与非养殖区超微型浮游生物主成分4季均有显著差异,养殖区异养细菌4季均是超微型浮游生物的主成分,而非养殖区超微型浮游生物的主成分4季均是微微型浮游植物,结果表明养殖活动显著影响了养殖区超微型浮游生物的群落结构和功能。 相似文献
2.
利用流式细胞仪对南黄海秋季浮游病毒丰度在水平分布和垂直分布上的特征进行了研究,并分析了浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌、微微型浮游植物等宿主丰度以及环境因子的相关性.结果表明,该海区秋季浮游病毒丰度在(2.22×106)-(1.60× 107)ind/ml之间,平均值8.32×106ind/ml.病毒丰度在调查海域的东北和中南部海域出现高值区,在西南部出现低值区,且浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度的平面分布趋势较一致.在表层、中层和底层水体,浮游病毒丰度平均值分别为8.63×106、7.83×106、8.49×106ind/ml,表层和底层丰度无显著差异,但均高于中层(P＜0.05).相关性分析表明,浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度、VBR呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),与微微型真核浮游植物丰度呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),与聚球藻、水深、水温、盐度、溶氧、叶绿素a浓度无明显相关性(P＞0.05). 相似文献
3.
北部湾北部海域水体异养细菌的时空分布特征研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨环境因素对异养细菌丰度的影响，2016年9月至2017年8月通过月度航次调查对北部湾北部海域异养细菌丰度的时空分布特征进行了系统研究。结果表明，调查海区异养细菌丰度介于（2.75~56.86）×105 cell/mL，平均值为（11.01±6.31）×105 cell/mL。各季节细菌丰度从高至低依次为:夏季、春季、冬季、秋季。异养细菌丰度由近岸海域向西南深水区方向逐渐降低，在近岸浅水区垂直分布均匀，在水深大于20 m的海区出现季节性分层现象:表层细菌丰度较高，底层细菌丰度较低。主成分分析显示温度对异养细菌时空分布有重要影响，秋、冬季异养细菌丰度与温度呈显著负相关，在春、夏季呈显著正相关。细菌丰度与盐度呈显著负相关，说明海水盐度变化是细菌时空分布重要影响因素。异养细菌丰度与叶绿素a和溶解氧含量呈显著正相关，表明浮游植物初级生产过程影响了异养细菌的时空分布。在秋、冬和春3季异养细菌丰度与营养盐水平呈显著负相关，二者关系受浮游植物生物量间接影响。异养细菌时空分布差异取决于环境条件的变化，温度、盐度、叶绿素a和溶解氧含量是影响异养细菌丰度分布的主要因素。 相似文献
4.
大鹏湾浮游细菌时空分布与环境因子的关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
应用荧光显微镜计数法,研究了大鹏湾海域细菌丰度时空分布特征,探讨了其与温度、溶解氧、叶绿素a、氨盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐之间的关系.结果表明,大鹏湾全年细菌丰度介于1.40x10<'8>-24.43x10<'8>个L<'-1>之间.各季节细菌丰度高低依次为:夏季、春季、秋季、冬季.浮游细菌的水平分布呈现近岸较高、离岸逐渐减少,自大鹏湾西部湾顶向东部湾口逐渐减少的特征.除了夏季,温度与浮游细菌呈显著正相关(P<0.05),是浮游细菌的主要控制因子;溶解氧与浮游细菌全年呈显著负相关(春、夏季P<0.01,秋冬季P<0.05);叶绿素a除了春季外其他季节与浮游细菌相关性非常显著(P<0.01),是浮游细菌的主要调控因子;无机营养盐中,氨盐和磷酸盐全年与浮游细菌丰度呈高度显著正相关(P<0.01):对浮游细菌丰度具有调控作用,硝态氮在冬季对浮游细菌丰度有显著调控作用. 相似文献
5.
东海、黄海浮游病毒及异养细菌的分布研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用流式细胞仪对2009年春季东海、黄海浮游病毒和异养细菌的丰度进行了大尺度(119.5°—129°E, 25°—39°N)研究, 并分析了浮游病毒丰度、异养细菌丰度以及其与环境因子之间的相关性。结果表明, 研究海域浮游病毒、异养细菌的丰度范围分别为3.38×105—2.26×107个/mL(平均6.24×106个/mL)、5.83×103—1.23×106个/mL(平均1.22×105个/mL)。在水平分布上, 浮游病毒与异养细菌的变化趋势基本一致, 且均在山东半岛周边养殖海域、浙江东南沿海养殖区及舟山渔场北部形成明显的高值区; 黄海浮游病毒与异养细菌的丰度平均值均高于东海。在垂直分布上, 东海浮游病毒与异养细菌丰度值随水深呈明显下降趋势, 表层丰度值与30m以下各层差异显著(P<0.05); 在黄海, 二者丰度随水深降低趋势不明显。Pearson相关性分析显示: 调查海域浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度显著正相关(r =0.288, P<0.01), 浮游病毒丰度与温度显著负相关(r = -0.243, P<0.05), 异养细菌丰度与盐度显著负相关(r = -0.245, P<0.05)。 相似文献
6.
桑沟湾浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量分布的季节变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2011年4、8、10月及2012年1月对桑沟湾进行了浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量的季节调查。纤毛虫的平均丰度为(7 552±10 979)个/L,范围为408~61 667个/L;纤毛虫的平均生物量(以碳计)为(4.79±5.77)μg/L,范围为0.35~33.09 μg/L。无壳纤毛虫丰度和生物量主要分布在湾内,湾中和湾外丰度相对较低;砂壳纤毛虫丰度和生物量在盐度较高的海区总体较高,呈现朝向外海分布的趋势。纤毛虫丰度和生物量的高值区春季主要出现在湾的西北,夏季向湾中部迁移,秋季主要出现在湾的西南,冬季主要出现在湾的西部,高值区随季节大致呈顺时针迁移的趋势。纤毛虫的丰度春季最高,冬季最低;生物量夏季最高,冬季最低。无壳纤毛虫夏季粒级较大,冬季粒级较小;砂壳纤毛虫壳的平均口径夏季较大,秋季较小。共鉴定出砂壳纤毛虫8属27种,其中拟铃虫属(Tintinnopsis)种数最多。砂壳纤毛虫在纤毛虫总丰度中的比例平均为16.3%±21.9%,夏季最高(36.3%±27.8%),冬季最低(4.9%±5.9%)。纤毛虫丰度与温度、盐度、Chl a浓度及微微型真核浮游生物丰度均没有明显的相关性,但与蓝细菌及异养细菌丰度呈显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
7.
利用荧光显微技术(Epifluorescence microscopy,EFM)对青岛近海海域浮游病毒丰度进行了调查,研究了浮游病毒在季节变化、空间变化和昼夜变化的特征,并分析了浮游病毒丰度(Virus Direct Count,VDC)与环境因子的相关性.结果表明,夏季该水域VDC的变化范围为1.21×10 6个/ml-1.54×10 7个/ml,平均值为6.16×10 6个/ml;冬季VDC变化范围为3.45×10 5个/ml-2.60×10 6/ml,平均值为1.45x 10 6个/ml.夏季VDC是冬季的4.25倍,夏季VDC显著高于冬季(P=0.000).水平分布方面,夏季表层、10m和潜水体VDC大致显现出由胶州湾及湾口附近向东西两侧逐渐降低的趋势,胶州湾站位VDC明显高于其他站位(P<0.05);冬季表层、10m和潜水体VDC的水平分布特点为胶州湾、鳌山湾、崂山海域、胶南海域和日照海域为VDC较高区域,崂山以东海域为VDC较低区域.垂直分布方面,夏、冬两季各站位表层VDC都明显高于底层和10m层及潜水体(P<0.05).对胶州湾中部连续站QD09两层VDC昼夜变化的观测发现,夏、冬两季表层和10m层VDC昼夜都有明显波动.夏季两水层VDC变化趋势一致,最高值均在夜间,最低值均在18:00,最高值都约为最低值的3倍;冬季两水层VDC变化趋势没有明显的一致性,VDC最高值是最低值的2倍.对夏、冬两季VDC与Chl-a、水温、盐度、浊度、溶氧浓度之间进行Pearson相关性分析表明,夏季VDC仅与Chl-a呈显著正相关(P<0.01)冬季VDC与水温呈显著的正相关性(P<0.01),与Chl-a、盐度、浊度、溶氧浓度之间呈显著的负相关性(分别为P<0.01). 相似文献
8.
胶州湾微微型浮游植物丰度及其与环境因子的相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用流式细胞仪对胶州湾微微型浮游植物4个季节的丰度分布进行了研究,并分析了微微型浮游植物与环境因子的相关性。结果表明,聚球藻的丰度在2.17×102—2.329×104个/ml之间,高值区主要分布在湾内西部和湾口海域;仅夏季、冬季丰度之间有显著性差异;夏季在垂直分布上差异显著,在B3、C4、D5连续站昼夜变化趋势基本一致,分别在13:00和3:00出现峰值。微微型真核浮游植物的丰度分布在1.028×103—8.651×104个/ml之间,主要活跃于湾内西部海域;四季丰度在垂直分布上差异不显著;春、夏季丰度明显高于秋、冬季;夏季连续站昼夜变化趋势与聚球藻基本一致。通过主成分分析表明,聚球藻和微微型真核浮游植物丰度在不同季节受不同环境因子的影响,在冬季与温度有关,温度升高,二者的丰度增高。在其它季节,二者丰度主要受营养盐等环境因子的影响。 相似文献
9.
福建宁德晴川湾海域水母群落特征及其潜在生态风险分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据2018年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、7月(夏季)和11月(秋季)在宁德晴川湾海域浮游动物调查的4个航次数据，分析该海域水母群落结构和季节变化特征，讨论了水母对宁德晴川湾核电站安全生产潜在的风险。结果表明:宁德晴川湾海域水母类种类组成、丰度分布和优势种演替均存在季节变化，春、夏、秋、冬该海域水母种数分别为7种、16种、9种和3种，丰度均值分别为(45.48±8.24)个/m3、(50.26±12.13)个/m3、(3.68±1.91)个/m3和(0.18±0.07)个/m3，首要优势种分别为印度感棒水母(Laodicea indica)、球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)、双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis)和耳状囊水母(Euphysa aurata)，优势种类组成季节演替明显。春季和夏季水母的丰度与浮游动物的总丰度呈极显著相关，在夏季其数量与浮游动物中的桡足类数量呈显著相关(p<0.05，R=0.363)，秋季和冬季水母群落的丰度主要受盐度的影响。秋、冬季该海域盐度、温度均较低，水母的丰度也较低。根据宁德晴川湾核电站附近海域水母分布特征，以水母丰度50 个/m3为风险阈值考虑，夏季为潜在高风险季节，需重点关注距核电站冷源取水口5～20 km海域；其次是春季，重点关注距取水口2.5～5 km海域；秋季和冬季基本不会因水母而引起核电站冷源安全事故发生。 相似文献
10.
南黄海网采浮游植物碳含量及群落结构的季节变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2011—2012年4、6、8、10月和11月共5个航次的网采浮游植物样品,以细胞体积转换碳含量为基础,分析了南黄海海域网采浮游植物在春、夏、秋三个季节的变化规律。结果表明:浮游植物总碳含量及各类群碳含量均表现出明显的季节差异,春季和秋季浮游植物在空间分布上纬度差异较小,呈现由近岸到外海降低的特点;夏季海域南部浮游植物生物量远远高于南黄海北部及中部区域。浮游植物总碳含量最高值出现在夏季,为(4.62±11.79)×104μg C/m~3,最低值出现在秋季,在1000μg C/m~3以下。甲藻在浮游植物中所占比例在夏季8月最低,为14.05%,在初春和秋末较高,约为48%;甲藻的比重在南部海域明显较低。温度和盐度是影响南黄海浮游植物群落的重要环境因子,而浮游植物与营养盐的关系呈现不同的季节特点。圆筛藻属(Coscinodiscus)和角藻属(Ceratium)在各调查月份均为南黄海海域浮游植物群落的优势种属。本文从浮游植物碳含量的角度为南黄海海域的生态状况研究提供了基础资料。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献