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WRF Hybrid方法同化HY-2A散射计风资料在台风“菲特”预报中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《海洋预报》2016,(1)
选取台风"菲特"(Fitow,201323)临近登陆过程为试验个例,在WRF模式基础上,采用4种不同的初始化方案,对台风"菲特"进行了72 h预报试验,并分析了模式的初始化对预报效果的影响。试验结果表明,对于台风路径的预报,使用集合平均作为初始场进行预报,预报结果相对直接使用GFS资料作为初始场进行预报的结果有明显改善,使用3DVAR同化方法,将HY-2A卫星散射计风场资料同化到集合平均的初始场中,台风路径预报进一步有所改善,而使用Hybrid同化方法将HY-2A卫星散射计风场资料同化到集合平均的初始场中,台风路径进而又有明显改善;但是在台风强度方面的预报,4种初始化方案效果不相上下。 相似文献
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文章基于中尺度天气预报模式(WRF)及其三维变分同化系统(WRF-3DVAR), 采用了两部雷达径向风资料, 进行单一时间分析以初始化台风“灿都”(Chanthu), 比较研究了同化雷达径向速度(Vr)对台风“灿都”分析和预报的影响。结果表明: 同化雷达径向风的作用主要体现在台风强度和环流结构的调整, 且在同化达到一定时长后, 对改进同化后的预报分析有积极效应。同化试验改进台风的初始风场以及台风环流中心的热力和动力结构、强度和位置, 进而提高18h预报的台风结构、路径、强度。 相似文献
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基于不同背景场条件的雷达资料同化在登陆台风“桑美”中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文针对2006年登陆我国的超强台风“桑美”,分别采用美国国家环境预报中心的全球预报系统(Global Forecasting System, GFS)再分析资料和日本气象厅(Japan Meteorological Agency, JMA)区域客观再分析资料作为背景场,利用中尺度数值模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)及其三维变分同化系统进行多普勒雷达资料同化和数值模拟试验,考察不同的背景场条件下雷达资料同化对台风初始场、内部结构及其随后确定性预报的影响。结果表明:GFS试验和JMA试验在同化了雷达资料之后分析出的台风700 hPa风场和500 hPa高度场相比其初始场均有所增强,JMA试验在3 h同化窗内的均方根误差和最小海平面气压的改进效果均比GFS试验显著,同时对台风动力和热力结构的改进效果也优于GFS试验;JMA试验对台风降水、路径、强度的预报均优于GFS试验,且能预报出台风前沿的降水,更加接近观测实况。 相似文献
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文章基于天气研究和预报(weather research and forecasting, WRF)模式中的FY-3D卫星微波湿度计Ⅱ(micro-wave humidity sounder 2, MWHS-2)辐射率资料的直接同化模块, 采用三维变分(three dimensional variation, 3DVar)方法在晴空条件下同化MWHS-2辐射率资料, 考察MWHS-2辐射率资料同化对台风“米娜”(2019)预报的影响。文中设计了4组试验, 第一组试验不同化任何资料, 第二组试验同化了单独的全球通信系统(global telecommunications system, GTS)常规资料, 第三组试验联合同化了GTS常规资料和MWHS-2辐射率资料, 第四组试验将MWHS-2辐射率资料换成先进技术微波探测计(advanced technology microwave sounder, ATMS)辐射率资料同化。研究结果表明: 偏差订正后各通道观测和背景场差值的均值趋于0, 同化后分析场相对观测的标准差与均方根误差较背景场显著减小, 同化过程是有效的。与仅同化GTS常规资料和同化ATMS资料的试验相比, 同化晴空MWHS-2辐射率资料后的增量场在台风中心附近有负的高度增量和正的温度增量, 从动力与热力上有助于台风的维持。在确定性预报最后的12h, 同化晴空MWHS-2辐射率资料的试验能够改进500hPa环流形势的模拟, 加强西南方向引导气流的强度, 从而最终减小台风路径预报的误差。 相似文献
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将基于最优插值(OI)的同化并行模块植入第三代海浪模式WAVEWATCH III version3.14, 建立数据同化的台风海浪模式预报系统。该系统的强迫风场采用模型台风风场与台风来前海区背景风场混成的风场。以模式后报2010 年7 月严重影响南海北部的“康森”和“灿都”台风引起的海浪场为例, 首先对所构造的混合风场的台风海面风场结构进行定性检验, 并用高度计沿轨风速对混合风场精度进行定量验证。在此基础上, 海浪模式在混合风场强迫下边积分边同化。同化数据采用上述台风过境南海期间Jason-2 卫星高度计沿轨有效波高 (SWH)。值得指出的是, 同化时只取SWH 沿轨数据的一部分用于同化计算, 而另一部分沿轨数据则用于对同化分析结果进行检验。先后同化了4 条轨道上的SWH数据。将SWH 的同化分析与无同化的对照组结果分别与高度计测量SWH 比较, 发现同化较无同化可使均方根误差获得50%以上的明显改进。以同化分析场作为初始场, 同化影响预报(这里是后报)的时效性约在48 h 以内。本研究目的是通过同化高度计SWH 数据进一步提升台风海浪模式预报的准确度。 相似文献
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基于中尺度数值模式WRF及其三维变分同化系统,自主构建了新的探测仪器GMI(Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager)的同化模块。本文以2014年太平洋台风季中台风“麦德姆”为例,实现了GMI资料在登陆台风中的有效应用。试验结果表明:晴空条件下GMI资料同化能够对模式背景场中的台风位置进行有效修正。与没有同化该资料的控制试验相比,同化GMI微波成像仪资料可以有效改进台风暖心结构的分析,同时使得台风涡旋环流结构增强,并进而提高了对台风路径的预报水平。 相似文献
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结合经验的台风风场模型和NCEP再分析资料构造了南海台风风场,并以此作为一个第三代海浪模式的输入模拟了1999年约克(York)台风经过南海时所产生的台风浪场.模拟结果显示,尽管文中构造的南海台风风场比较接近真实的风场,但模拟出的台风浪场相对于TOPEX/Poseidon高度计的观测波高仍有一定差异,因此进而采用了一种简单的最优插值同化方法,开展了波高资料的初步同化试验.试验结果显示,资料同化显著地改进了海浪模式的(后)预报精度,而这种改进在涌浪区更加显著,同化有效维持时间大约是43h. 相似文献
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新一代静止气象卫星葵花8号的晴空红外辐射率资料同化对台风“天鸽”的预报影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以2017年第13号台风“天鸽”（Hato）为例,在WRFDA同化系统中结合日本葵花8号（Himawari-8）资料,通过同化Himawari-8晴空红外辐射率资料并进一步考察其对台风“天鸽”的结构、强度、路径分析和预报的影响。研究结果表明:同化Himawari-8晴空红外辐射率资料对台风背景场的水汽相关变量分析有显著改进,对背景场中的台风水汽信息有一定的改进作用。与控制实验,即没有同化Himawari-8晴空红外辐射率资料的实验相比,加入同化实验对台风“天鸽”的风场、500 hPa气压场的分析效果有所提高,台风气旋性环流加强,并进一步改进了对台风“天鸽”的路径、台风中心最低气压和近中心最大风速的预报。平均路径误差和降水预报相对于常规观测变量的均方根误差均有所改善。 相似文献
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为了分析海面风场资料的实用性,利用WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model)模拟了2008年东海海面风场,并比较了WRF模拟结果与QuikSCAT卫星散射计资料的差异.结果表明,两种资料均能反映东海海面风场的季节性变化特征,台风月风速偏差波动较大.分析四个台风个例发现,当台风较弱时,两种风场资料分布情况较一致；当台风较强时,两种资料均有不同程度的偏差,在近海区域,WRF模拟结果相比QuikSCAT资料更好地描述台风周围风场特征. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献