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1.
《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3-4):227-235
The proposed Taiwan Strait Tunnel will raise numerous challenges for environmental professionals. The environmental issues must be incorporated in the preliminary study, planning, design, and construction of the works and be addressed consistently throughout all phases of the project. In this article, the environmental issues that will be encountered in the construction stage are discussed, including environmental impact assessment, environmental monitoring, and specific environmental issues during construction such as spoil handling, air quality and noise control, drainage, and health and safety. The experience and practice of handling environmental issues during the construction English Channel Tunnel are reviewed throughout the discussion. 相似文献
2.
The Taiwan Strait Tunnel Project will bring very deep, far, and long lasting influence on the environment inevitably. This article focuses on what shall be done considering environmental issues after the construction. Herein an environmental protection program with a four-step procedure is particularly illustrated, including setting environmental objectives, formulation of environment protection program, plan of environmental survey, and management of environmental event. This procedure based on the outcome of environmental impact assessment formulates an environment protection program to control and recover environmental problems after the project completed. Two case studies will illustrate the special design and considerations adopted that make the project coexist with the environment successfully, peacefully, and friendly. 相似文献
3.
This article discusses the possible socioeconomic impact of Taiwan Strait Tunnel from the perspective of the relationship between the construction of Taiwan Strait Tunnel and the socioeconomic development of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait and the surrounding areas. First of all, the construction of Taiwan Strait Tunnel in its conceptual stage depends on the socioeconomic development of the two sides of the Strait. Important basic conditions—such as the mainland's and Taiwan's future sustainable economic growth above what has already been achieved; their further development of economic, trade, and social ties; their political dialogue based on “the principle of one China”; and the progress of the peaceful reunification of the motherland—will decide the construction of the Taiwan Strait Tunnel. Under such conditions, once the Taiwan Strait Tunnel is operable, it will create a huge demand pull on the two sides of the Taiwan Strait and their surrounding areas for a long period and, thus, will bring about a sustainable increasing economic upsurge in the two sides. Secondly, once the Taiwan Strait Tunnel is open to traffic, its transport ability will be tremendous and will greatly influence the economic development of the two sides of the Strait and enhance their economic and trade ties and their personnel exchange. At the same time, the tunnel will not only form a new traffic pattern of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, but it will also improve their traffic structure and expand their traffic scale to a large extent. It is certain that the construction of Taiwan Strait Tunnel will be a highly complex project of an all-time grand scale to be constructed over quite a long period. It will encounter a lot more restrictive factors than have ever been met in the fields of design, programming, techniques, equipment, organization of construction, and the operation and maintenance of the tunnel and line. Moreover, it will also encounter many important restrictive factors as a result of its socioeconomic impact. 相似文献
4.
It is necessary to construct the undersea tunnel across the Taiwan Straits because it would help strengthen communication between Taiwan and the mainland, promote economic and cultural exchanges, and uphold national unification and territorial integrity. Nowadays, there are many undersea tunnels in the world; the English Channel Tunnel and the Seikan Tunnel are two of the most famous. Rich experience has been obtained during the exploration, surveying, design, construction and operation of these undersea tunnels. So, technologically, it is completely feasible to construct the undersea tunnel of the Taiwan Straits. The total length of the undersea Taiwan Straits tunnel is about 220?km; however, water along most of the proposed tunnel site, is less than 50?m deep and the geological condition of the site is relatively good. Although technical difficulties exists in design and construction, there are some favorable aspects. It is, therefore, necessary to start a study by launching some exploration surveys and collecting related data. 相似文献
5.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2003,46(6-7):565-582
Managed realignment is viewed as a sustainable flood defence strategy by practitioners as it provides environmental and economic benefits in light of potential global climate change. However, in many cases social barriers are in existence, with public perception and attitudes towards this approach less than favourable, as there is always resistance in surrendering land to the sea. Freiston Shore managed realignment scheme is the second of three on-going studies that aim to detect the drivers surrounding public acceptance of managed realignment and confidence in the Environment Agency, the lead agency for managed realignment in the UK. This research presents the hypothesis that local residents will be more accepting of a fully established scheme (since it will have been in the public domain for longer), rather than at its inception or during its construction. Findings from the Freiston scheme showed that the majority of residents supported the managed realignment scheme at its current construction phase, although two main barriers were identified as suppressing public acceptance. These are public confidence in the Environment Agency and public understanding of coastal defence and managed realignment issues. This investigation recommends that local community engagement activities are effective means of addressing such deficiencies whilst providing the education necessary for understanding the requirements and limitations of managed realignment. However, such participation activities should be tailored for the needs of individual target audiences. 相似文献
6.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2006,49(5-6):367-383
Many development projects are undertaken in communities where the local inhabitants have little or no input to the planning and implementation of such projects. Encouraging the active participation of local communities in development projects, through capacity-building and environmental education, has become a major objective of sound development programmes. We have successfully included the local community of Holbox Island, Quintana Roo State, Mexico in our programme for long-term monitoring of coastal pollution in and around their Island. Here we report the progress made by different sectors of the Holbox community over a four-year period during which they have become increasingly responsible for the scientific and technical aspects of assessing water quality. A face-to-face, structured survey was used to evaluate attitudes and perceptions with regard to coastal water pollution and other development issues that concern the Holbox Island community. People in Holbox identified coastal pollution, coastal erosion and garbage dumping as major environmental concerns and have acquired a good level of awareness about the causes and consequences of these issues. Our results also indicate that the public has an improved understanding of the interrelationship between their own behaviour, and that of others, and these environmental issues. Our contribution in the Holbox Island has made a positive step towards providing the local community with essential knowledge regarding environmental, development and social issues, thereby enabling them to become actively involved in the environmental conservation of their island. Continuing efforts in capacity-building and environmental education aim to provide the local community with the knowledge and skills that are necessary for making appropriate choices for the preservation and development of Holbox and the surrounding ecosystems. In the long term, the local community will not only be able to contribute directly to on-going development projects, but will also be in a better position to participate with government agencies in the decision-making process. 相似文献
7.
It is necessary to construct the undersea tunnel across the Taiwan Straits because it would help strengthen communication between Taiwan and the mainland, promote economic and cultural exchanges, and uphold national unification and territorial integrity. Nowadays, there are many undersea tunnels in the world; the English Channel Tunnel and the Seikan Tunnel are two of the most famous. Rich experience has been obtained during the exploration, surveying, design, construction and operation of these undersea tunnels. So, technologically, it is completely feasible to construct the undersea tunnel of the Taiwan Straits. The total length of the undersea Taiwan Straits tunnel is about 220 km; however, water along most of the proposed tunnel site, is less than 50 m deep and the geological condition of the site is relatively good. Although technical difficulties exists in design and construction, there are some favorable aspects. It is, therefore, necessary to start a study by launching some exploration surveys and collecting related data. 相似文献
8.
Helen Pickering 《Marine Policy》1996,20(6):483-497
The paper, based on work undertaken for the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and National Power, reviews the growing interest in using cement stabilised coal-fired power station by-products (pulverised fly ash (PFA) and flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) gypsum) in artificial reef construction. It focuses on the physical and environmental suitability of the material and the legal and policy issues which will determine its future use. In so doing, it explores the relationship between science and policy making and the allengulfing nature of the wider environmental agenda. 相似文献
9.
K. T. Yeo 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2003,21(3):249-260
The aim of this article is to explore some aspects of strategic and managerial issues that may pose challenges to the proposed Taiwan Strait Tunnel. These issues include political, financial, organizational, and human factors, and a framework for project risk management. The experience and accomplishment of the Eurotunnel are used as parallels to draw out important lessons on threats and opportunities, and raise relevant questions for any future would-be promoter and project leaders to ponder. The issues raised are preliminary and exploratory in nature and only to serve as a basis for further deliberation and debates. 相似文献
10.
11.
《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3-4):249-260
The aim of this article is to explore some aspects of strategic and managerial issues that may pose challenges to the proposed Taiwan Strait Tunnel. These issues include political, financial, organizational, and human factors, and a framework for project risk management. The experience and accomplishment of the Eurotunnel are used as parallels to draw out important lessons on threats and opportunities, and raise relevant questions for any future would-be promoter and project leaders to ponder. The issues raised are preliminary and exploratory in nature and only to serve as a basis for further deliberation and debates. 相似文献
12.
《Marine Policy》2017
The incorporation of local and traditional knowledges into environmental governance regimes is increasingly recognised as a critical component of effective and equitable conservation efforts. However, there remain significant barriers to integration of community-based knowledge within mainstream environmental governance. This paper explores community-based knowledge in the context of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), a widely-used governance tool designed to predict and manage the impacts of development. Drawing on a social survey and interviews, the paper documents local community knowledge of environmental changes associated with dredging and the construction of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plants in a large industrial harbour located in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, and compares this knowledge with public consultation opportunities offered throughout the project lifecycle, including during assessment and after project approval. The findings highlight a misalignment between community knowledge of environmental change, which is acquired largely after impacts become apparent, and the public participation opportunities afforded through EIA, which generally occur before construction or dredging is undertaken. 相似文献
13.
湄洲湾峰尾围垦工程施工期间海水悬浮泥沙输移扩散的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
围填海工程施工过程导致海域悬浮物迅速增加,影响周围海洋生态系统,研究围填海工程悬浮泥沙的输移扩散规律对于区域生态环境质量及工程建设的综合生态影响评价具有重要的参考意义．针对湄洲湾峰尾围垦工程施工期悬浮泥沙可能造成的生态影响,对爆破挤淤（5．17t／s）和抛石挤淤（1．39kg／s）的悬沙源强进行了分析计算．在工程海区平面二维潮流场数学模型的基础上,采用二维对流扩散数学模型对施工范围内的模型网格点（40m×40m）进行了逐点计算,数值模拟结果表明,悬浮泥沙扩散范围和形态主要受潮流控制,工程施工联合影响下悬沙质量浓度大于10mg／dm3的全潮最大影响包络面积为5．848km2,施工9h后悬沙影响基本消失,为工程施工期环境管理提供了参考依据．施工悬浮泥沙的扩散整体表现为总悬沙质量浓度在离工程区较近的范围内较大,而距离越远质量浓度越接近自然状态的本底含沙量．施工悬浮泥沙对浮游生物、游泳生物和底栖生物等均会产生一定的影响,但随着施工结束而消失,不会对海洋生态产生长期的不利影响． 相似文献
14.
随着北极海冰融化的加剧,北极问题研究的重要性逐渐凸显。文章以ScienceDirect数据库为主要搜索范围,系统梳理了2007—2021年国外北极问题研究文献,从北极航线、北极经济、北极政治和北极环境4个方面对国外北极问题研究现状进行了分析。认为未来的国外北极问题研究中,北极航线相关问题研究将聚焦于北极航线运营模式的研究;北极经济问题研究将注重区域经济和北极产业发展;北极政治研究依然会着力探讨如何在北极治理中的合作问题,虽然目前的北极政治研究中定性分析和描述性分析较多,但未来将增加定量分析和理论创新的研究;北极环境问题研究将注重北极经济开发和环境保护的平衡,进一步关注北极的可持续发展问题。 相似文献
15.
埕岛油田海底管道安装应力计算方法的研究及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海底管道的施工质量直接关系到海底管道能否长久地安全运行。对施工期间各种环境荷载、施工荷载作用下的海底管道在力和变形进行计算,分析和监控、是确保底管道施工质量的不可缺少的重要手段。本文通过计算实例对浮拖法敷设海底管道安装计算分析的方法作了研究,并对胜利海洋石油开发公司与天津大学合作研究开发的涨底管道安装分析软件在胜利岛油田海底管道工程建设中的应用作了介绍。 相似文献
16.
During the construction process of Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Undersea Tunnel, the faults and other unfavorable geological discontinuities were often encountered. To study the water inrush mechanism in the faults, both physical model test and numerical analysis were carried out. The results of crown displacement and hydraulic pressure of the monitoring sections in the physical model and numerical model were analyzed in this paper. It was found that the displacement and hydraulic pressure in the process of tunnel construction are often interacted as both cause and effect, and the lower of hydraulic pressure is often accompanied with the growth of its displacement. The changing of the excavation disturbed zone during the excavation in the undersea tunnel was also studied. The results show that the excavation disturbed zone in fault is larger than that in surrounding rock mass, and the excavation disturbance effects in the filling type fault are both transient and persistent. When the displacement and hydraulic pressure in the undersea tunnel change sharply during excavation, there are relatively slow and continuous change trend of the displacement and hydraulic pressure. For practical purposes, to prevent water inrush in the undersea tunnel, more attentions should also be paid to the undersea tunnel after excavation. 相似文献
17.
Design and projected performance of a flapping foil AUV 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Licht S. Polidoro V. Flores M. Hover F.S. Triantafyllou M.S. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2004,29(3):786-794
The design and construction of a biomimetic flapping foil autonomous underwater vehicle is detailed. The vehicle was designed as a proof of concept for the use of oscillating foils as the sole source of motive power for a cruising and hovering underwater vehicle. Primary vehicle design requirements included scalability and flexibility in terms of the number and placement of foils, so as to maximize experimental functionality. This goal was met by designing an independent self-contained module to house each foil, requiring only direct current power and a connection to the vehicle's Ethernet local area network for operation. The results of tests on the foil modules in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Marine Hydrodynamics Water Tunnel and the MIT Ship Model Testing Tank are both used to demonstrate fundamental properties of flapping foils and to predict the performance of the specific vehicle design based on the limits of the actuators. The maximum speed of the vehicle is estimated based on the limitations of the specific actuator and is shown to be a strong function of the vehicle drag coefficient. When using four foils, the maximum speed increases from 1 m/s with a vehicle C/sub D/ of 1.4 to 2 m/s when C/sub D/=0.1, where C/sub D/ is based on vehicle frontal area. Finally, issues of vehicle control are considered, including the decoupling of speed and pitch control using pitch-biased maneuvering and the tradeoff between actuator bandwidth and authority during both the cruising and hovering operation. 相似文献
18.
Transportation of floating structures for long distance has always been associated with the use of heavy semi transport vessel. The requirements of this type of vessel are always special, and its availability is limited. To prepare for the future development of the South China Sea deepwater projects, COOEC has recently built a heavy lift transport vessel — Hai Yang Shi You 278 (HYSY278). This semi-submersible vessel has displacement capacity of 50k DWT, and a breath of 42 m. Understanding the vessel’s applicability and preparing its use for future deepwater projects are becoming imminent need. This paper reviews the critical issues associated with the floating structure transportation and performs detailed analysis of two designed floating structures during transportation. The newly built COOEC transportation vessel HYSY278 will be used to dry transport the floating structures from COOEC fabrication yard in Qingdao to the oil field in the South China Sea. The entire process will start with load-out/float-off the floating structures from the construction sites, offload the platform from the vessel if needed, dry transport floating structures through a long distance, and finally offload the platform. Both hydrodynamic and structural analyses are performed to evaluate transport vessel and floating structures. Critical issues associated with the transportation and offloading of platform from the vessel will be studied in detail. Detailed study is performed to evaluate the response of the system during this phase and additional work needed to make the vessel feasible for use of this purpose. The results demonstrate that with proper modifications, HYSY278 can effectively be used for transporting structures with proper arrangement and well-prepared operation. The procedure and details are presented on the basis of study results. Special attentions associated with future use will also be discussed based on the results from analysis. 相似文献
19.
为保护我国近海渔业资源,实现海洋渔业的绿色发展,文章梳理我国近海渔业资源开发利用状况,结合存在的问题及其对海洋生态环境的影响,提出对策建议。研究结果表明:2017年我国近海海水养殖产量同比略有提高,海洋捕捞产量同比略有降低;2008—2017年养殖空间有所优化,以筏式养殖和底播养殖为主,深水网箱养殖和工厂化养殖的产量显著提高,海洋捕捞以拖网捕捞为主;我国近海渔业资源开发利用存在海水养殖能力与养殖面积不相称、养殖空间日趋萎缩和超负荷、养殖低效以及海洋捕捞能力不均和强度较高等问题,给海洋生态环境带来污染海水环境、占用生态空间和破坏渔业资源等不利影响,亟须完善海洋生态补偿制度、促进渔业资源恢复和合理开发利用渔业资源。 相似文献
20.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》1999,42(8):671-697
The coastal and marine environments and resources of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden are globally significant and generally in a healthy state. Current regional issues include localized destruction of coral reefs, seagrass and mangroves; declines in some fisheries; exploitation of some endangered species; pollution from the development and transport of petroleum; and disposal of industrial and municipal wastes. The underlying causes of these issues are the natural vulnerability of the Red Sea due to its semi-enclosed nature; economic reliance on the petroleum industry; significant navigation risks; a rapidly increasing coastal population and associated developments; lack of fisheries information, surveillance and management; poor coastal zone planning; and limited technical expertise. Strategic actions addressing these issues will need to be implemented regionally and focus on coastal zone management that integrates environmental planning, environmental assessment and review; training and institutional development; public awareness and participation; information gathering especially fisheries statistics; reducing navigation risks; and the development of resource management and conservation strategies. 相似文献