共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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基于在长江口开展的三个综合航次对河口生物硅组成、行为和收支进行了研究。结果表明，长江口生物硅主要是由植硅体、硅藻和海绵骨针三部分组成，其中植硅体有16种形态，在高混浊区对生物硅的贡献量为23%-83%。收支计算显示，长江输送的生物硅是河口区获取外部生物硅的主要途径，占河口生物硅总输入量的95%；维持河口生物硅水平的主要过程是初级生产（55 Gmol a-1）和沉积过程（46 Gmol a-1）；初级生产所贡献的生物硅分别是长江生物硅输送量的2.3倍和河口区向外输送生物硅的63%。从河口区向东海和黄海输送的生物硅是26 Gmol a-1，与长江的生物硅输送量相当；河口区沉积的生物硅是向外输送量的1.7倍，在其中植硅体贡献了53%至88%的生物硅，表明河口是陆源生物硅汇的作用；反风化作用也是河口活性硅去除的一个重要途径。本研究显示植硅体是河口生物硅的重要组成部分，长江口在生物硅收支与循环中表现出汇的作用。 相似文献
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分析了大洋40航次在西太平洋马尔库斯-威克海山区山间海盆采集的表层沉积物中生物硅和有机质的含量,并对其分布特征和来源进行了初步的研究。结果表明,马尔库斯-威克海山区附近海域深海表层沉积物中生物硅含量总体较低,含量在0.88%～12.41%之间,平均含量为2.19%,分布上呈现西南含量高,向东北方向递减的趋势;深海表层沉积物中有机碳含量较低,δ13C同位素组成分布与生物硅相同。沉积物柱状样的研究表明研究区在过去的100～200 ka期间表层水体中硅质生物的初级生产力是逐渐增加的。 相似文献
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渤海颗粒有机碳与生物硅的分布及来源 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
海洋碳、硅循环及其相关联的生物地球化学过程是全球环境变化的热点问题,也是海洋科学关心的重要领域。利用2012年5月和11月份对渤海海域的调查结果,对该海域颗粒有机碳和生物硅的分布特征及来源进行了讨论。主要结论为:渤海有机碳以溶解有机碳为主,具有春季高和秋季低的特征;由陆地来源和海洋自生的有机碳组成,且以海洋来源的有机碳为主。渤海生物硅分布具有明显的梯度特征,河流输入同样对其含量的影响较为突出。渤海沉积物中生物硅含量较高,明显高于中国东部陆架海。渤海表层沉积物中生物硅主要是海源的,依次由浮游藻类、植硅体和海绵骨针所构成,其中浮游藻类占62.9%,陆源植硅体占31.1%。渤海沉积物发现了来自于草本植物的植硅体,这说明了陆地产生的植硅体对海洋生物硅的贡献。 相似文献
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渤海南部海域沉积物上覆海水与颗粒物中的磷与硅 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了渤海南部海域沉积物上覆水、悬浮颗粒物中P、Si的变化特征。上覆水体PO4-P、SiO3-Si的平均含量均低于大洋底层水PO4-P、SiO3-Si的平均含量,二者具有相似的循环控制机制。悬浮颗粒物中无机磷、生源态磷(TIP、BP)的来源和循环控制机制不同,无机硅、生源态硅(TISi、BSi)有一定的相似性。稀释作用和表层沉积物中可交换态P、Si的循环控制上覆水体中P、Si的地球化学行为。颗粒物中TIP、TISi的行为受离子交换和化学吸附过程影响,其中化学吸附可能与Fe(Ⅲ)的氧化物有关;生物过程对颗粒物中生源P、Si的地球化学行为有重要影响。 相似文献
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磷与硅作为重要的生源要素，其生物地球化学循环直接与海洋资源的可持续利用及全球变化密切相关。大量的研究表明，隣、硅等生源要素某一项的缺乏，都可限制该海域生物的繁殖生长，而成为生物生长繁殖的限制性因素(宋金明，1997; Conley et al., 1992; Riebesell et al.，1993; Thompson et al.，1996)；而某一生源要素的大量过剩，又可引起严重的富营养化，赤潮就是其典型的结果之一(齐雨藻等，1994; Eigenher et al.，1996)。所以研究海洋环境中磷、硅等生源要素的来源、转化和循环规律具有重意义。 相似文献
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采用连续提取方法对东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物进行了生物硅测定,得出研究区生物硅空间分布特征。结果表明,受中国东部海域低硅质骨骼供给量及高溶解作用的沉积背景的控制,沉积物中生物硅质量分数为0.66%~1.26%,平均值为0.95%,整体上属于低值海区。生物硅的空间分布上不均一,呈明显的分带性,可能主要受研究区特定流系格局控制下的陆源碎屑物质冲淡作用影响。另外,生物硅与沉积物中有机质正相关,而与沉积物粒度组成相关性不明显。 相似文献
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黄海、渤海沉积物中生物硅的测定及存在问题的讨论 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16
硅是水生态系统中构成生物群落的重要元素[1].海洋中硅主要来源于河流输入(4.2±0.8)×1014g/a和热液喷发(1.9.77;10)×1014g/a[2].另外冰川风化、低温海底玄武岩风化、沉积物的成岩作用和大气沉降亦是其来源之一[3].沉积物中的生物硅又称生物蛋白石(简称蛋白石),指化学方法测定的无定形硅的含量,主要由硅藻、放射虫、硅鞭毛虫和海绵骨针组成.沉积物中蛋白石的积累反映了生产力在时间和空间尺度的变化[4,5].对于生物硅的测定,至今已提出了许多种方法.其中最灵敏、应用最广泛的是化学提取法[6,7]. 相似文献
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沉积物中生物硅分析方法评述 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
硅是水生态系统中构成生物群落的重要元素。硅藻、放射虫、硅质海绵和硅鞭毛虫生长和骨骼形成都离不开硅。ＤｅＭａｓｔｅｒ１９８１年研究指出海洋硅主要来源于河流(４．２±０．８×１０１４ｇ／ａ，ＳｉＯ２)和热液喷发 (１．９±１．０×１０１４ｇ／ａ，ＳｉＯ２)。另外冰川风化、低温海底玄武岩风化和沉积物的成岩作用亦是其来源之一。而Ｃｏｎｌｅｙ等１９９３年报道富营养化往往引起水体中溶解硅的浓度逐渐降低。生物硅（Ｂｉｏｇｅｎｉｃｓｉｌｉｃａ）指化学方法测定的无定形硅的含量 ,亦称为生物蛋白石或简称蛋白石。生源无定形… 相似文献
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对南海南部25个表层沉积样进行了生物硅的测定分析，试图揭示南海南部表层沉积生物硅的分布及其对现代海洋环境的指示意义，以便为古海洋学研究提供进一步的科学依据。研究发现，表层沉积物中生物硅含量与其所处水深呈显著正相关关系，相关系数达到0．782。陆架浅水区表层沉积物中生物硅含量非常低，不能反映表层水体中硅质生物生产力情况，这可能与沉积类型和陆源物质输入影响有关。深水区表层沉积物中生物硅的含量分布表明，其不仅能反映出表层水体中硅质生物的古生产力水平，而且还能指示上升流的强弱，从而进一步证实了利用沉积物中生物硅含量来追踪上升流发育和变化的有效性与可信度。研究结果还显示，在研究区域中北部表层沉积生物硅中放射虫和海绵骨针较硅藻占有更大的比重，这可能是由于硅藻易被溶解并易被其他生物体摄食的缘故。在有上升流发育的海域，放射虫、硅藻和海绵骨针基本上均表现出较高的丰度，这与高的生物硅含量相一致。 相似文献
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A one-dimensional sediment model was developed by introducing the CIP-CSL2 scheme in the advection term. This enables us to represent fluctuations of the vertical profiles of 100 cm depth, which needs integrations on a longer timescale than 10 kyr, because this scheme avoids smoothing of the vertical profiles due to no numerical diffusion, instead of a commonly used forward scheme. Using the models with 10 and 100 cm depths (hereafter, called the 10 cm model and the 100 cm model, respectively) to predict the contents of biogenic silica and clay, we have evaluated the sedimentary responses to an abrupt change in the biogenic silica rain flux. When the rain flux of biogenic silica abruptly decreases, the 10 cm model underestimates the dissolution flux of biogenic silica compared with the 100 cm model. This is because only clay is supplied from the bottom boundary associated with excess dissolution and also because dissolution of biogenic silica below 10 cm depth is neglected by the 10 cm model. When we consider dissolved matter inputs from sediments to marine biogiochemical cycles, simulations by the 100 cm model would lead to more realistic responses in sediments. 相似文献
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Samuela Capellacci Cecilia Battocchi Silvia Casabianca Marco Giovine Giorgio Bavestrello Antonella Penna 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(1):103-111
In this study, we demonstrate that dissolved silica obtained from mineral (crystalline quartz), biogenic amorphous (diatomaceous earth) and artificial amorphous sources (Aerosil) influence the growth rate of two marine diatoms, Chaetoceros sp. and Skeletonema marinoi. Diatoms were reared in four different experimental conditions in artificial seawater containing either dissolved silica previously obtained through dissolution of the mineral crystalline quartz or two amorphous substrates, biogenic diatomaceous earth or artificial Aerosil silica. Sodium metasilicate was used as control. When the silica in the different media reached concentrations higher than 107 μm , particles were eliminated by filtration and the diatom cells were inoculated. Maximum cell density, growth and silica assimilation rates of both species in the presence of dissolved silica derived from crystalline quartz and metasilicate were higher than those obtained with the other silica sources. These results are discussed against the background of previous geochemical studies that have shown that silica–water interactions are strictly dependent on the silica polymorphs involved and on the ionic composition of the solution. Our results demonstrate that the soluble silicon compounds generated in seawater by crystalline sources are highly bioavailable compared with those generated by biogenic and amorphous materials. These findings are potentially of considerable ecological importance and may contribute to clarifying anomalous spatial and temporal distributions of siliceous organisms with respect to the presence of lithogenic or biogenic silica sources in marine environments. 相似文献
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Amanda M. Vieillard Robinson W. Fulweiler Zoe J. Hughes Joanna C. Carey 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
Salt marshes are widely studied due to the broad range of ecosystem services they provide including serving as crucial wildlife habitat and as hotspots for biogeochemical cycling. Nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and carbon (C) are well studied in these systems. However, salt marshes may also be important environments for the cycling of another key nutrient, silica (Si). Found at the land–sea interface, these systems are silica replete with large stocks in plant biomass, sediments, and porewater, and therefore, have the potential to play a substantial role in the transformation and export of silica to coastal waters. In an effort to better understand this role, we measured the fluxes of dissolved (DSi) and biogenic (BSi) silica into and out of two tidal creeks in a temperate, North American (Rowley, Massachusetts, USA) salt marsh. One of the creeks has been fertilized from May to September for six years allowing us to examine the impacts of nutrient addition on silica dynamics within the marsh. High-resolution sampling in July 2010 showed no significant differences in Si concentrations between the fertilized and reference creeks with dissolved silica ranging from 0.5 to 108 μM and biogenic from 2.0 to 56 μM. Net fluxes indicated that the marsh is a point source of dissolved silica to the estuary in the summer with a net flux of approximately 169 mol h−1, demonstrating that this system exports DSi on the same magnitude as some nearby, mid-sized rivers. If these findings hold true for all salt marshes, then these already valuable regions are contributing yet another ecosystem service that has been previously overlooked; by exporting DSi to coastal receiving waters, salt marshes are actively providing this important nutrient for coastal primary productivity. 相似文献
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南海南部表层沉积物中生物硅的分布及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对南海南部25个表层沉积样进行了生物硅的测定分析,试图揭示南海南部表层沉积生物硅的分布及其对现代海洋环境的指示意义,以便为古海洋学研究提供进一步的科学依据。研究发现,表层沉积物中生物硅含量与其所处水深呈显著正相关关系,相关系数达到0.782。陆架浅水区表层沉积物中生物硅含量非常低,不能反映表层水体中硅质生物生产力情况,这可能与沉积类型和陆源物质输入影响有关。深水区表层沉积物中生物硅的含量分布表明,其不仅能反映表层水体中硅质生物的古生产力水平,而且还能指示上升流的强弱,从而进一步证实了利用沉积物中生物硅含量来追踪上升流发育和变化的有效性与可信度。研究结果还显示,在研究区域中北部表层沉积生物硅中放射虫和海绵骨针较硅藻占有更大的比重,这可能是由于硅藻易被溶解并易被其他生物体摄食的缘故。在有上升流发育的海域,放射虫、硅藻和海绵骨针基本上表现出较高的丰度,这与高的生物硅含量相一致。 相似文献
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Giorgio Bavestrello Riccardo Cattaneo-Vietti Carlo Cerrano Stefania Cerutti Michele Sará 《Marine Ecology》1996,17(1-3):41-50
Abstract. The importance of sponge spicules in the turnover of biogenic silica (BSi) in the detritic bottoms of the Eastern Ligurian Riviera was evaluated by studying sediment cores and the detrital matter collected by a trap over a one year period.
This study made evident that: i) Sponge spicules represent the main component of the BSi both in the sediments and in the trapped matter; ii) A correlation exists between the sponge biomass present on the overhanging cliff and the amount of sponge spicules found in the sediment below; iii) Inside the sediments, a superficial layer (10 cm deep) characterized by intensive silica dissolution processes can be observed; and iv) The amount of spicules collected using the trap is not constant throughout the year, but shows a characteristic trend with low values in spring and summer and high values in autumn and winter. 相似文献
This study made evident that: i) Sponge spicules represent the main component of the BSi both in the sediments and in the trapped matter; ii) A correlation exists between the sponge biomass present on the overhanging cliff and the amount of sponge spicules found in the sediment below; iii) Inside the sediments, a superficial layer (10 cm deep) characterized by intensive silica dissolution processes can be observed; and iv) The amount of spicules collected using the trap is not constant throughout the year, but shows a characteristic trend with low values in spring and summer and high values in autumn and winter. 相似文献
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依托中国“大洋一号”第20和第21调查航次,分析测定了东、西赤道太平洋4个站位的颗粒态生物硅浓度及其粒级结构。结果显示赤道太平洋采样站各层位颗粒态生物硅(PBSi)总浓度分布范围为5~65 nmol/dm3,东赤道太平洋的调查站位颗粒态生物硅的总浓度平均值达46 nmol/dm3,是西赤道太平洋的近3倍。PBSi的粒径结果显示在东赤道太平洋调查站位0.8~20 μm粒径颗粒是PBSi的主要来源,其平均贡献率高达64%;而在西赤道太平洋2种粒径的生物硅贡献率相当。营养盐分布对PBSi的浓度及粒径分布有显著的影响,并在一定程度上控制了“硅质泵”的组成结构,是控制大洋生物泵运转的重要因素。 相似文献
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长江水下三角洲沉积层中高分辨生物硅(Bio-Si)曲线具有明显的波动规律,记录了该区硅藻生物量的季节性差异,据此对近14年来的沉积速率进行了估算。在1992～2005年里,该处沉积速率变化于1.2～3.4 cm/a之间,平均沉积速率2.1 cm/a,沉积速率与长江入海沙量具有较好的对应关系。研究结果表明长江水下三角洲Bio-Si沉积记录类似于季节性湖泊中的"年纹",可作为沉积速率估算的新指标。 相似文献