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1.
径潮相互作用是感潮河段水动力变化的典型特征，受其影响潮波传播具有明显的洪枯季及沿程变化。本文基于长江感潮河段天生港、江阴、镇江、南京、马鞍山及芜湖6个潮位站2002?2014年连续高低潮位资料及大通站月均流量数据，统计分析长江感潮河段潮波振幅衰减率、潮波传播速度及余水位坡度等传播特征值的洪枯季及沿程变化特征，并探讨这些潮波传播特征的变化规律及其主要影响因素。结果表明，潮波传播特征的洪枯季差异自上游至下游逐渐减小，其分界点位于天生港与江阴之间（其中，天生港和江阴站的多年平均洪枯季潮差差值约为0.01 m和?0.04 m）；径流动力对潮波衰减的影响主要位于江阴以上河段，江阴以下河段主要受潮汐动力控制；径流驱动下余水位坡度引起的余水位及水深增加，导致潮波传播的有效摩擦减小，当流量超过某个阈值时潮波振幅衰减反而减弱，特别是上游马鞍山-芜湖段最为明显，统计结果表明该河段流量阈值约为33 000 m3/s。本文分析结果作为前人研究的重要补充，可为长江河口感潮河段径潮相互作用机制研究及河口治理等提供基础参考。 相似文献
2.
根据历史资料、数据和相关研究,结合研究区域背景,分析苏北废黄河三角洲的演变。结果显示,岸线演变在发育阶段和侵蚀阶段分别为向海延伸约90 km和侵蚀后退约22 km,面积相差约800 km2,三角洲地貌演变表现为岸线平直-曲折-平滑-平直的过程。在废三角洲陆海相互作用的基础上,运用演化模式分析三角洲的演变过程。该三角洲演变可以分为7个演变阶段,发育期在径流和潮流作用下以沙洲并陆淤积延伸方式进行,侵蚀期在波浪和潮流作用下以沙洲合并侵蚀后退和淤积外长交替侵蚀的方式。泥沙输运、人类活动和气候变化对废三角洲的演变有重要影响,巨量的来沙是三角洲发育的原因,泥沙平衡被打破是侵蚀的主要原因。发育期中,泥沙输运影响淤积速度和位置,人类活动和气候变化影响黄河河道迁移、输沙量和产沙量;侵蚀期中,泥沙输运影响侵蚀状态,人类活动在一定程度上影响海岸带冲/淤,气候变化将影响三角洲的演变趋势。 相似文献
3.
以长江口南支河段为研究区,利用LandsatETM+遥感影像反演的1999年水下地形和该河段2002年实测水深数据,结合长江口来水来沙现状和河段特征,分析了河段的冲淤变化和沙体迁移规律,提出了需采取的治理措施。研究结果表明:(1)从1999到2002年南支河段总体发生冲刷,年平均冲刷量为0.1926亿m3,河道内白茆沙、新浏河沙和新浏河沙包的沙头年平均后退467,374和421m;(2)上、下扁担沙之间由于串沟发育,两者有分离的趋势,沙体5m等深线的变动格局显示两沙体沙尾向下移动导致新桥水道上段水深加深、下段南侧水深变浅;(3)固定白茆沙和上、下扁担沙沙体,对维持南支河段航道的航运、稳定南北槽河势具有重要作用。 相似文献
4.
河口回水区长度的时空演变对防洪、供水、航运等水资源高效开发利用具有重要指导意义。本文在经典河流回水理论的基础上考虑潮汐动力的影响,聚焦潮汐动力引起的回水效应问题,基于一维水动力解析模型,重新定义河口回水区上游界限（回水界）,并以长江河口为例,探讨河口回水动力演变过程及其影响机制。结果表明:回水界距天生港的距离（即回水区长度）与上游流量、外海边界振幅分别具有显著的负相关和正相关关系,且基本为线性关系;回水界对径潮动力的响应比潮区界更为敏感,能有效表征河口感潮河段径潮动力格局演变;长江河口回水界位置具有明显的季节性差异,其春季和秋季回水界位于芜湖附近（春季和秋季分别距天生港419 km和367 km）,冬季回水界位于感潮河段以上区域,夏季潮汐动力引起的回水效应基本可忽略;长江河口潮流因子和径潮相互作用因子控制的余水位梯度的季节性变化,是长江河口回水界位置变动的主导因素。 相似文献
5.
The river reach downstream of a floodgate at the estuary of the Xinyihe River is about 1.3kmlong.and the riverbed is composed of clotty clay.In the experiment,soil samples are taken from the con-struction site,and the incipient velocity is determined in a laboratory flume,and it is used to design thescour model and to select model sand material.The experimental results show that scours below thefloodgate is unavoidable due to large discharge and low tidal level.Scours is caused by two factors:the rap-id flow passing though the floodgate and the water drop near the river mouth during low tide.and thescour below the floodgate is more critical to the structural design.It is suggested that anti-scour wallsshould be used instead of riprap.The ideas and methods adopted in the experiment can be used asreference in the study on river scour under similar conditions. 相似文献
6.
长江口青草沙水库前沿河床演变与失稳风险研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
位于长江口南北港分流口的青草沙水库是上海市最大的城市供水水源地,开展该水库前沿河床稳定性和失稳风险研究具有重要的理论意义和工程指导价值。基于此,利用长江口南北港分流口2000年至2013年期间实测的高精度地形资料,分析青草沙水库前沿河床近期地貌变化特征,为水库库堤安全预警提供相关理论支撑。结果表明:青草沙水库前沿河床冲淤变化在建库前后有明显差异,建库前总体表现为河槽冲刷、沙洲淤积,呈现准冲-淤振荡的性质;建库后变为幅度逐渐减弱的持续冲刷;沿河床河槽形态由U型向U型与V型河槽叠加的复式河槽转变。青草沙水库前沿沙体沿落潮主流方向下移,成形沙体呈先增长、再减少,最后趋于平衡的态势,隐形沙体大体呈减少趋势。青草沙水库库堤前沿近600 m位置是河床失稳的重点风险区域,尤其是水库库堤中上部河床处于不稳定状态,如前沿边坡所在河槽进一步逼近水库前沿,则河床面临进一步冲刷的可能。 相似文献
7.
Torrey Pines State Beach, a site with large seasonal fluctuations in sand level, received a small shoreface beach fill (about 160,000 m3) in April 2001. The 600 m-long, flat-topped nourishment pad extended from a highway riprap revetment seaward about 60 m, terminating in a 2 m-tall vertical scarp. A 2.7 km alongshore span, centered on the nourishment region, was monitored prior to the nourishment and biweekly to monthly for the following 2 years. For the first 7 months after the nourishment, through fall 2001, significant wave heights were small, and the elevated beach fill remained in place, with little change near and above Mean Sea Level (MSL). In contrast, the shoreline accreted on nearby control beaches following a seasonal pattern common in southern California, reducing the elevation difference between the nourished and adjacent beaches. During the first winter storm (3 m significant wave height), the shoreline retreated rapidly over the entire 2.7 km survey reach, forming an alongshore-oriented sandbar in 3 to 4 m water depth [Seymour, R.J., Guza, R.T., O'Reilly, W., Elgar, S., 2004. Rapid erosion of a Southern California beach fill. Coastal Engineering 52 (2), 151–158.]. We show that the winter sandbar, most pronounced offshore of the nourishment, moved back onto the beach face during summer 2002 (following the usual seasonal pattern) and formed a wider beach above MSL at the site of the original nourishment than on the control beaches. Thus, the April 2001 shoreline nourishment was detectable until late fall 2002, persisting locally over a full seasonal cycle. In an extended 7-year time series, total sand volumes (summed between the back beach and 8 m water depth, over the entire 2.7 km reach) exhibit multi-year fluctuations of unknown origin that are twice as large as the nourishment volume. 相似文献
8.
基于高精度海洋动力模型FVCOM (finite-volume community ocean model), 模拟分析了1999—2010年珠江口羽状流的季节和年际变化规律, 并结合经验正交函数(empirical orthogonal function, EOF)分析探讨了影响珠江口羽状流扩展变化的主要动力因子。采用模拟时段内的现场观测数据对多年模拟结果进行验证, 结果表明模型具有较高的精度, 能够较好地模拟珠江口羽状流的扩展变化规律。模拟结果显示, 珠江口羽状流存在显著的季节变化。夏季, 受大径流和西南风的影响, 羽状流的扩展呈现双向特征, 即粤西沿岸扩展和粤东离岸扩展同时存在, 扩展范围最大; 冬季, 径流衰减为最小值, 风场转变为强烈的东北风, 羽状流被紧紧挤压在西岸, 形成狭窄的条带状, 扩展范围最小; 春、秋两季属于过渡季节, 羽状流扩展情况类似, 均表现为沿岸向粤西扩展。年际变化层面, 夏季羽状流的年际变化最为显著, 呈现粤东扩展占优型、近似对称型和粤西扩展占优型三种形态; 春季羽状流的年际变化次之, 羽状流的差异主要体现在珠江口和粤西海域; 秋、冬两季羽状流的年际变化较小, 尤以冬季最小。EOF分析的第一模态可以解释整体变化的91.2%, 反映了径流量对珠江口羽状流的影响; 第二模态可以解释整体变化的4.1%, 反映了盛行风对珠江口羽状流的影响。 相似文献
9.
6000年来我国低平海岸线的冲淤变化及其对海岸带开发的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
自约 6ka前我国海岸轮廓形成以来 ,海岸线主要呈淤进状态。在距今 6～ 3ka前 ,因黄河等河流泥沙主要填淤平原洼地 ,岸线稳定微涨 ;在距今约 3ka至 2 0世纪 60年代 ,河流以巨量泥沙使海岸线 ,尤其是低平的平原海岸线迅速外移 ;最近 30 a来 ,因为黄河等河流入海水沙大量减少 ,造成目前除行水河口处淤涨外 ,多数岸段转为侵蚀或稳定 ,且被侵蚀岸线有逐渐扩大的趋势。这种变化导致了新淤土地的减少 ,也破坏了原有的沙滩、湿地资源 ,需要采取一些措施以减少海岸侵蚀带来的损失 相似文献
10.
河口区水位受径流、潮汐、地形、人类活动等多因素影响, 其空间分布结构及变化复杂。作为河口动力结构的重要参数, 水位分布演变特征及机制的研究对水资源高效开发利用和河口治理具有重要指导意义。文章基于珠江磨刀门河口沿程马口、甘竹、江门、竹银、灯笼山和三灶6个测站1965—2016年月均余水位数据及马口站的月均流量数据, 分析人类活动影响下水位空间分布的异变, 采用双变量线性回归模型定量辨识水位分布异变的主要影响因素, 并初步讨论人类活动、动力结构、地形变化之间的相互耦合关系。结果表明, 基于平均水面形态变化参数(即曲率)可较好地指示河床冲淤变化趋势, 河段平均曲率为正, 指示河床趋于淤积, 曲率为负, 河床趋于冲刷侵蚀; 围垦、大规模挖沙、河道疏浚等强人类活动前, 磨刀门河口上、下段坡降大于中段(江门—甘竹段), 即中段存在一个水位坡降变缓的区域, 枯季低流量时中段水位坡降出现由海向陆方向的倒坡降, 强人类活动后, 余水位空间分布结构发生异变, 中段坡降增大、低流量时的逆坡降消失; 强人类活动引起的河床地形变化是磨刀门河口沿程水位空间形态发生变化的主要原因, 使口门段(三灶—竹银)和河口上段(甘竹—马口)水位曲率分别减小0.41×10-4m·km-2和1.04×10-4m·km-2, 河口中段(竹银—甘竹)水位曲率增大0.21×10-4m·km-2, 沿程曲率由正(下凹)-负(上凸)-正转变为负-正-负, 沿程河床也随之由淤积-冲刷-淤积趋势转变冲刷-淤积-冲刷趋势。 相似文献
11.
Hee Jun Lee Jong-Dae Do Sun Sin Kim Won-Kyung Park Kicheon Jun 《Ocean Science Journal》2016,51(4):681-694
Haeundae Beach represents Korean pocket beaches that are currently erosional and dominated by summertime typhoons. The decadal wave characteristics 9 km offshore of Haeundae Beach were analyzed using the WAM model that was validated through the 2007 wave observations. The wave statistics modelled for 1979–2007 indicates that the seasonal mean significant wave height (H s ) is highest (0.6–0.7 m) in summer due to typhoons, in contrast to the lowest (around 0.5 m) autumn analog. The wave direction is also pronouncedly seasonal with the principal bearings of SSW and NE in the summer and winter seasons, respectively. The WAM results additionally show that the H s has gradually increased over the region of Haeundae Beach since 1993. Beach profiling during June–November 2014 shows the opposite processes of the typhoon and fair-weather on beach sands. During a typhoon, foreshore sands were eroded and then accumulated as sand bars on the surf zone. In the subsequent fair-weather, the sand bars moved back to the beach resulting in the surf-zone erosion and foreshore accretion. A total of 5 cycles of these beach-wide sand movements yielded a net retreat (up to 20 m) of the shoreline associated with large foreshore erosion. However, the surf zone only slightly accumulated as a result of the sand cycles. This was attributed to the sand escape offshore from the westernmost tip of the beach. The present study may provide an important clue to understanding the erosional processes in Haeundae Beach. 相似文献
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13.
任于灿 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1992,12(4):59-68
本文主要根据黄河水利委员会多年固定断面的测量资料和海洋地质研究所1988年两个航次调查结果,结合黄河水沙资料的分析,对水下三角洲的地貌特征、地貌演化及形成机制进行了论述,尤其对三角洲前缘的地貌演化趋势进行了较详细地阐述。 相似文献
14.
青草沙水库是长江河口的一个重大工程,显著改变了北港上段的河势。河势的变化会引起流场和泥沙质量浓度的变化,进而影响河床的冲淤。本文应用三维水动力和泥沙数值模式,计算和分析了青草沙水库工程对附近水域流场、泥沙质量浓度和冲淤的影响。青草沙水库工程建设后,北港河道束窄,导致水库北侧河道主槽流速和泥沙质量浓度增加。水库工程使得进入北港的径流量和纳潮量减少,导致青草沙水库以东、北港下段和拦门沙区域流速和泥沙质量浓度下降。应用半理论半经验河床冲淤公式和模式计算的工程前后流速、泥沙质量浓度和水位数据,给出了由水库工程造成的河床冲淤变化分布。在水库以北北港水域发生普遍冲刷,冲刷强度最大可达2~3 m,冲淤分布和量值与工程前后实测水深变化吻合良好。数值模式较好地模拟了青草沙水库工程对附近水域冲淤分布的影响和变化量值。 相似文献
15.
曲流河储层是我国石油资源的重要载体，但是目前研究主要还停留在微相级别，叠置点坝的划分对比研究还稍显薄弱。研究利用“层次分析”方法，通过分析河道砂体顶面高程差、出现不连续河间砂体、过井地震剖面的波形差异、平面上的砂体厚度差异等四个方面，有效地在复合河道中划分出单一河道。通过对砂体垂向沉积层序、砂体厚度分布及废弃河道位置的分析可以识别出点坝沉积；利用“砂顶泥岩厚度法”可以快速识别地下废弃河道，确定点坝沉积的边界；根据Leeder计算河流满岸宽度经验公式及点坝长度与河流满岸宽度的相关公式可以确定点坝沉积的规模。 相似文献
16.
Facies and architecture of an estuarine tidal bar (the Trompeloup bar, Gironde Estuary, SW France) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study describes the sedimentary facies and internal architecture of a modern estuarine tidal bar present in the bay-head delta of a wave- and tide-dominated estuary, the Gironde Estuary, in southwest France. Based on 51 cores (2 to 5 m long), this work demonstrates that such bars are composite sedimentary bodies made up of individual sigmoidal sand units isolated from one another by thick muddy layers. The bar appeared in the study area around 1874. Since then, its evolution has been characterized by phases of rapid downstream bar migration alternating with periods of bar abandonment. During the periods of active bar progradation, which commonly last between 10 and 20 years, the bar progrades up to 7 km seaward and forms a narrow (200–800 m wide) sand ridge up to 6 m thick. During abandonment phases which also last around 10–20 years, the bar is starved of sand and a mud layer (1 to 3 m thick) is deposited. The vertical succession formed by the seaward progradation of the tidal bar records these alternating phases of growth and abandonment. A typical vertical succession in the bar system is 8 m thick and comprises several superimposed, upward-coarsening units of cross-stratified sand, deposited during phases of seaward progradation, separated by a thick layer of thinner-bedded mud and sand laminae deposited during phases of bar abandonment. When a tidal bar builds up to the supratidal zone, marshes accumulate and the bar becomes a permanent island in the estuary. The large-scale architecture of the bar is thus made of an alternation of potential sandy reservoir units and muddy internal seals. The reservoir units are characterized by a sigmoidal shape. The muddy layer, which is deposited between the two sigmoidal units, is a thick, continuous potential internal seal. This complex internal architecture is due to the fact that there is a considerable amount of mud present in the bay-head delta of the Gironde Estuary. It is thought to be representative of the architecture of tidal bars in the inner part of wave- and tide-dominated estuaries. 相似文献
17.
近期长江河口冲淤演变过程研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于长江河口1997年以来数字地形图和近期水文泥沙实测资料,分析研究了近期长江河口大量人工整治工程和流域水库工程建造影响下的河口河道自动调整过程。结果表明:1997-2013年河口段中上游河道微冲刷、拦门沙滩顶仍保持淤积外移、口门外侧近海域冲刷的态势略有增强,而其影响原因与历史时期的自然因素影响为主略有差异,近期人类高强度活动的影响贡献率增大。首先,南支至南港和北港中上游河段河床普遍发生冲刷,河床沙活动较活跃,床面微地貌沙波发育更明显,而口门外侧海域地形略有冲刷蚀退,这些变化与流域来沙锐减有直接关系;北支、北港口门、南槽和北槽河道拦门沙河段呈淤积,尤其北槽主航道的拦门沙河段6m水深浚深为12.5m后回淤量很大,这些与拦门沙河道动力结构环境、河口和海域再悬浮泥沙补给有关;局部河段出现强冲和强淤现象,与近期河口工程建造有关。所以,长江河口近期正处在对自然因素变化和人类活动增强的自我缓慢地自动调整和适应过程之中。 相似文献
18.
1 Introduction T aking the average riverbed elevation ofthe riverm outh from its upstream side to its dow nstream sidew ithin a m outh area as a base line, there is usually asand sw ell standing higher than the base line. If thesw ellis form ed in the distributary channel,itis consid-ered as “a longitudinalbar”;ifitis offornearthe riverm outh,itis called “m outh bar”(Jiand H uang,1995a),such as the cases in the C hangjiang R iver andQ iantang R iverm outh areas(see Figs 1 and 2). Fig. … 相似文献
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珠江三角洲网河区径流潮流相互作用分析 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5
在大量实测资料基础上采用小波分析方法对珠江三角洲网河区径流与潮汐的相互作用进行分析,得出如下结果:网河区潮差和潮位的周期变化既有典型潮汐的半日周期和全日周期以及半月周期,也有径流量的周期变化如64.8 d的周期变化,即同时具有径潮的周期变化.不同河段潮差及各分潮波振幅与径流量的大小具有明显的反相关关系,径流量越大,潮差越小,三水站潮差随流量以-0.0002的速度减小,网河区下游河段则减小得较慢.上游径流量越大,因克服径流的阻碍作用而消耗的能量越大,潮汐作用强度迅速减弱,各分潮潮波振幅和潮差沿程减小越快.随着径流量的增大,三水站潮簇D1,D2和D4的振幅明显减小,D2的振幅衰减得最快. 相似文献
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珠江河网横向汊道体系是维持三角洲河网动力平衡的独特地貌结构,具有泄洪纳潮的重要功能,探讨该结构水位的阶段性演变及其影响因子辨识是河口动力学研究的重要科学问题。采用流量驱动的R＿TIDE数据驱动模型,对研究区域内“容桂-凫洲水道”和“潭洲-前航道”两个典型横向汊道体系共8个站点的日均水位序列进行分解,分离出由上游流量驱动引起的水位变化及地形和海平面共同驱动的水位变化。结果表明,经过水库的调蓄作用,在“容桂-凫洲水道”,流量驱动导致冬季日均水位抬升(平均为0.04m),其余三季日均水位下降;“潭洲-前航道”则由于北江流量增大导致流量驱动的日均水位均有不同程度的抬升(平均为0.17 m)。由于地形下切和海平面上升,地形和海平面共同驱动的日均水位变化普遍为负值(除南沙、黄埔站分别为0.11、0.07 m),“容桂-凫洲水道”中下部河段在秋季受海平面上升(秋季海平面高程最大)影响大于河床地形下切效应导致水位抬升,而其余站点主要受到疏浚、采砂等人类活动引起的地形下降影响,水位下降,且上游变化幅度明显大于下游;对径潮动力方差贡献率的分析结果表明,“容桂-凫洲水道”和“潭洲-前航道”夏季径流对水位的方... 相似文献