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1.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(3)
东非鲁武马盆地陆坡深水区发育了挤压冲断带和伸展断陷两种类型的构造,这种特殊构造背景下的深水沉积特征尚无研究报道。利用高分辨率三维地震资料,详细描述了鲁武马盆地陆坡第四系深水沉积特征,并探讨其主控因素。结果表明,鲁武马盆地陆坡深水区主要发育5种深水沉积类型:陆坡峡谷-水道充填沉积、正断层改造的朵体、沉积物波、海底滑坡和等深流沉积。深水沉积主要受构造活动和地形地貌控制,西部挤压剥蚀区主要发育带状的峡谷-水道体系、丘状的等深流漂积体以及波状的沉积物波,东部拉张沉积区主要发育海底滑坡沉积及深水朵体。 相似文献
2.
利用精细地貌图、高分辨率多道地震剖面等资料研究南海北部大陆边缘深水陆坡的地貌形态及控制因素。莺琼陆坡具有不同于其他部分的特殊性,红河物源是造成它的地貌形态的主控因素,南海北部陆坡的其他部分的地貌形态依然受控于古新世—渐新世的断陷期所形成的凹凸格局,其空间分布状况决定了陆坡地貌的形态和演变;物源类型和供给数量是陆坡地貌形态的次级因素,决定着陆坡地貌在总体框架下的局部特征,地震和海流等外动力因素则在一定程度上决定了陆坡沉积类型和微地貌形态。南海北部的这种特点与大西洋两岸的大部地区有显著区别,后者在晚侏罗—早第三纪的断陷期所形成的构造格局对陆坡地貌的影响已次于物源状况和向深水的物质分散体系。南海北部陆坡可自西而东依次划分为五段:莺琼陆坡段、神狐陆坡段、珠江海谷段陆坡、东沙陆坡段和台湾浅滩陆坡段;各陆坡段的地貌形态和走向上的差异全面反映了以上三个因素,尤其反映了断陷期构造格局分布状况的效应。 相似文献
3.
南海北部陆架陆坡沙波底形 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《海洋地质前沿》2015,(7)
南海北部珠江口—台湾岛南端一线以南、东沙岛以东海区的水深变化较大,地形起伏亦较大,海底水流动力较强,沙源丰富,发育大片海底沙波底形。按成因可分成A、B、C 3个海底沙波区:A区在珠江口外的内陆架上,水深80和200~250m,在陆架底流(潮、浪、洋流)作用下,海底沙波波高数十厘米至2~3m,属于两坡强烈不对称、现代仍然运动的正常沙波;B区在陆坡上部,水深200~600m,在斜坡间局部平台上发育大片波高数米至数十米、波长相应较短的特大型砂质沙波,一些专家认为是不同密度水层间的偶发性内波能通量强烈集中并突然释放而塑造的底形;C区在陆坡下部水深3 200~3 400m的数条海底峡谷交汇处,峡谷西和南侧有粉砂泥质沉积物波,波高数十米,波长数十千米,是深水细粒浊流形成的非正常沙波。陆架底流变化、沙波迁移、陆坡上部偶发性内波塑造的巨型沙波和陆坡下部的细粒浊流沉积物波均对油气勘探海底管线和平台的稳定性构成威胁。 相似文献
4.
《海洋地质前沿》2016,(9)
深水细粒底流型沉积物波多分布于陆坡、洋盆等深水洋底。以大澳大利亚湾上部陆坡和康拉德隆起西南坡的波状底形为例,解释了南大洋深水沉积物波的形态特征、分布特点和形成发育机理。以大澳大利亚湾的沉积物波为代表的钙质细粒底流型沉积物波波高约40m,波长1~2km,直线型脊线长10km,平行于等深线,主要由苔藓虫软泥组成,间冰期陆架上苔藓虫丰富,冰期移至陆架外缘和陆坡上部,在流速约16cm/s的高密度出流作用下于陆坡上部发育成泥质沉积物波。康拉德隆起西南坡的硅质细粒底流型沉积物波由硅藻软泥组成,绕南极流锋面的上升流使得此处的生产力高,硅藻类微体生物丰富,在流速约6cm/s的底流作用下发育大量沉积物波。2种细粒底流型沉积物波的向陆侧翼的沉积率大于向海侧翼,披覆形成后爬不同相爬升层理,显示沉积物波向上游坡迁移。 相似文献
5.
海底地貌一直是国内外学者关注的重点领域。基于琼东南盆地陵水凹陷1 000 km2高分辨率三维地震资料，利用GeoFrame综合解释平台、Surfer三维成图等技术，对琼东南盆地陵水凹陷现今海底地貌进行精细刻画。研究结果表明：(1)琼东南盆地下陆坡带主要发育水道（大型水道C1和冲沟-朵体复合体G1—G3）、周期阶坎以及滑坡体系3类典型地貌单元。(2)水道C1宽深比31.5～232，主要由陆坡水道运输的碎屑物质冲刷而成，冲沟-朵体复合体G1—G3末端可见明显朵体发育；同时，可在水道和滑坡体系内识别到周期阶坎；研究区处于陆坡滑塌的体部-趾部区域，广泛发育挤压脊、舌状体等沉积构造。(3)推测认为研究区海底地貌主要由上陆坡滑坡引起，在物源与海平面升降的加持下，形成如今的综合型地貌。 相似文献
6.
基于高分辨率二维地震资料,对南海西北缘深水水道体系的形态、内部结构、地震反射特征及其演化过程进行了精细刻画。深水水道体系西起莺歌海盆地,经琼东南盆地向东延伸至双峰盆地,整个体系划分为峡谷-水道、水道-朵体转换带、水道-朵体复合体、水道-朵体外缘4个沉积单元,总结其在外部形态、侵蚀深度、宽度、加积方式、内部充填结构特征、所受地形限制性等方面的逐步演化过程。峡谷-水道是以侵蚀作用为主的单一限制性水道体,水道两侧发育5种不同的陆坡类型,分别为进积型陆坡、滑塌型、水道化陆坡、宽缓型陆坡以及陡坡型陆坡。不同的陆坡类型对水道产生的限制性程度不同,导致水道侵蚀宽度以及堤坝的横向展布幅度不同,其中在宽缓型陆坡区规模最大。在中央峡谷口发育水道-朵体转换带,由于受到地形限制性降低,单一水道体产生分支形成低限制性水道复合体。在双峰盆地内,由于地形平缓开阔,发育非限制性水道-朵体复合体,水道体以侧向加积作用为主,侵蚀作用减弱,堤坝展布范围增大至几千米,最终水道消亡,形成大面积席状砂沉积。整个深水水道体系的发育与陆坡类型、古地貌形态以及物源密切相关。 相似文献
7.
为了解特殊地质体与天然气水合物成藏构造特征之间的关系,作者以冲绳海槽西侧陆坡和槽底为例,利用地震资料和地球化学方法对该地区上新世和第四纪沉积物厚度、有机碳含量和断裂系统进行了分析。研究表明,在冲绳海槽西侧及槽底都发育了较厚的上新统和第四系沉积层,上新统厚度约为1000—1500m,第四系厚约为1000—3500m,其中海槽南段存在巨厚的第四系,而且冲绳海槽西侧陆坡沉积物中有机质含量高达0.75%—1.25%,并且沉积速率高达10—40cm/ka,有利于有机质的保存和转化。陆坡发育有与海槽走向一致的NE-SW向断裂系统,以及横切海槽的一系列NW-SE向水平错动扭性断裂系统,其中NE-SW向断层在海槽南段方向变为NEE-SWW,这些断裂系统为烃类气(流)体的运移创造了有利条件。因此,在冲绳海槽西侧陆坡发育的海底峡谷、滑塌体、断块隆脊、泥底辟等特殊地质体与天然气水合物的形成密切相关。 相似文献
8.
冲绳海槽西部陆坡地震相模式与沉积体系 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
对冲绳海槽西部陆坡上两个航次(95航次和99航次)共计2000多公里的单道地震资料进行分析和解译，对斜坡沉积环境下沉积体系发育、分布特征进行了研究。结果表明：a)冲绳海槽西部斜坡环境下，上新世以来的沉积层均不同程度的变形和错动；b)存在两种斜坡相地震反射模式——退覆模式和叠覆模式，这两种模式都反映了冲绳海槽西部陆坡得到充足的沉积物供给；c)斜坡环境下主要发育陆架边缘三角洲、重力流沉积和水道充填等沉积体系；d)沉积层发育特征表明，冲绳海槽西部陆坡具有北段坡度缓、沉积物供应丰富、构造相对不活跃，中段坡度陡、沉积物供应充足、构造活动强烈，南段坡度陡、沉积供应相对较少、构造和火山活动十分强烈3种主要沉积环境。西部陆坡的沉积特征也揭示了东海陆架向陆坡提供了大量碎屑沉积物质。 相似文献
9.
塞内加尔盆地是位于西北非大西洋沿岸的一个裂谷-被动大陆边缘叠合型盆地,其中的北部次盆在非洲的大西洋沿岸盆地中,其以陆坡地貌多变、碳酸盐岩发育而盐构造相对欠发育为特征。本文通过地震、钻井资料解释与构造沉积学分析,研究北部次盆南段在被动大陆边缘盆地发育期的陆坡地貌与沉积充填演化特征,明确其主控因素,为系统揭示塞内加尔盆地发育特征、西北非被动大陆边缘盆地演化规律提供地质依据。研究表明,研究区在白垩纪经历了台地边缘斜坡、同沉积断坡、宽缓沉积斜坡等陆坡地貌阶段,发育了早白垩世Neocomian-Aptian期的碳酸盐岩台地建设期、Albian-Santonian期的断坡-碎屑岩陆坡内外分离式沉积期、Campanian-Maastrichtian期的碎屑岩缓坡沉积期等构造沉积演化阶段,各阶段形成了不同的沉积格局。全球海平面变化与陆源碎屑供给相对欠发育是造就研究区被动大陆边缘盆地沉积充填特征的首要因素;区域构造运动对该区陆坡地貌的演化、不整合的发生、物源的进退有着直接的控制作用;古气候与物源区条件则间接影响着盆内沉积物的类型、规模与格局。 相似文献
10.
琼东南盆地海底地形地貌特征及其对深水沉积的控制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
琼东南盆地位于南海北部大陆边缘西部,其深水区是重要的油气勘探新领域。利用琼东南盆地高密度的多道地震资料,阐明了琼东南盆地海底地形地貌特征,分析了盆地内深水沉积体的类型、特征、形成机制和空间展布,探讨了地形地貌对深水沉积的控制作用,对深入理解深水沉积过程,尤其是该区深水油气储层的预测具有重要意义。研究结果表明,琼东南盆地海底地形总体可以划分为陆架、陆坡和深海平原。在该地形地貌控制下,研究区内主要发育6种深水沉积体:浊流沉积、陆坡峡谷充填、滑塌沉积、滑移沉积、沉积物波和碎屑流沉积。进一步的研究表明,这些沉积体的空间发育部位和规模与陆坡的坡度有关。地形坡度通过控制重力流流体的流态产生各类型重力流沉积,进而控制了陆坡体系的调整过程。研究结果还表明,由于地形坡度的变化,重力流流态会发生相应变化,并进而导致各种类型重力流沉积在其形成过程中发生相互转化,其一般转化顺序通常为滑塌-碎屑流-浊流。 相似文献
11.
天然气水合物作为现今乃至未来的重要清洁能源之一，其沉积环境和成矿条件的研究一直是国内外地质学家关注的热点问题，我国2007年、2013年及2015年已先后在神狐、和东沙海域多次成功钻获了天然气水合物实物样品。由此南海北部陆坡成为探讨天然气水合物沉积成因与成矿条件的重要试验区。然而，南海北部陆坡区的神狐、东沙及琼东南三个海域均有不同程度的天然气水合物发现，其各自的水深、沉积特征、气源成因及水合物成矿条件各有特点。本文利用地震沉积学原理，结合不同沉积相和沉积演化和古地貌、海平面变化和构造运动等因素，识别出不同类型的地震相。通过对比南海北部陆坡区域的水道系统的MTDs，认为其发育位置、展布和控制因素的不同影响了沉积展布。其中东沙区域位于近物源的上陆坡，神狐区域位于正常的缓陆坡区域，琼东南区域位于远离物源的海底平原区域。并且，水道系统可以分成侵蚀型，侵蚀-加积型和加积型，MTDs也可以分成头部拉张型，中部过渡型和趾部挤压型。 相似文献
12.
B. Kuvaas Y. Kristoffersen J. Guseva G. Leitchenkov V. Gandjukhin G. Kudryavtsev 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2004,25(3-4):247-263
Multichannel seismic reflection data from the Cosmonaut Sea margin of East Antarctica have been interpreted in terms of depositional
processes in the continental slope and rise area. A major sediment lens is present below the upper continental rise along
the entire Cosmonaut Sea margin. The lens probably consists of sediments supplied from the shelf and slope, being constantly
reworked by westward flowing bottom currents, which redeposited the sediments into a large scale drift deposit prior to the
main glaciogenic input along the margin. High-relief semicircular or elongated depositional structures are also found on the
upper continental rise stratigraphically above the regional sediment lens, and were deposited by the combined influence of
downslope and alongslope sediment transport. On the lower continental rise, large-scale sediment bodies extend perpendicular
to the continental margin and were deposited as a result of downslope turbidity transport and westward flowing bottom currents
after initiation of glacigenic input to the slope and rise. We compare the seismostratigraphic signatures along the continental
margin segments of the adjacent Riiser Larsen Sea, the Weddell Sea and the Prydz Bay/Cooperation Sea, focussing on indications
that may be interpreted as a preglacial-glaciomarine transition in the depositional environment. We suggest that earliest
glaciogenic input to the continental slope and rise occurred in the Prydz Bay and possibly in the Weddell Sea. At a later
stage, an intensification of the oceanic circulation pattern occurred, resulting in the deposition of the regional plastered
drift deposit along the Cosmonaut Sea margin, as well as the initiation of large drift deposits in the Cooperation Sea. At
an even later stage, possibly in the middle Miocene, glacial advances across the continental shelf were initiated along the
Cosmonaut Sea and the Riiser Larsen Sea continental margins. 相似文献
13.
The continental slope south of Baltimore Canyon seaward of the coasts of Delaware and Maryland has a different morphology and sedimentary structure than adjacent portions of the continental margin. Ridges of sediment 600 m thick and transverse to the slope contain many unconformities that can be traced from ridge to ridge. The age of the sediment is inferred to be late tertiary to recent with the morphology related to a major drainage system. Physical properties of a suite of sediment cores display a pattern that varies in relationship to the morphology and depositional environment. Sedimentary structures and low shear strengths indicate instability of surficial sediments present on the upper slope and can be correlated with regions where the seismic reflection profiles show slumping has occurred. A veneer of sand overlying the general silty clay of the area is present on the upper slope and on the ridges indicating sand spillover from the shelf with a recent change in deposition pattern. 相似文献
14.
The results of a single channel seismic reflection survey and of a micropaleontological examination of diatom remains in bottom sediment samples on the shelf and continental slope of the Peter the Great Bay area are presented. The composition and age of the sedimentary layer were studied using integrated seismic, micropaleontological and geological data. The continental slope was formed not later than at the beginning of the Early Miocene. The slope is covered with Middle Miocene-Pliocene sediments. The sedimentary thickness on most of the slope is 0.2–0.4 s. The maximum thickness (0.8–1.0 s) is observed within the areas of submarine canyons and valleys. The thickness of the Early Miocene-Pliocene sediments on the shelf is 0.2–0.4 s. On the shelf break and in a southwest-trending trough of the acoustic basement, it increases up to 1.0 s. Two uncomformities were identified in the sediments of the shelf area. The proposed age of the upper uncomformity is 10.0–8.5 My B.P.; it represents the result of a global sea level fall. The age of the lower uncomformity is unknown. 相似文献
15.
Ryohei Sasayama Nanako Hioki Yuichiroh Morita Yutaka Isoda Keiri Imai Atsushi Ooki Kenshi Kuma 《Journal of Oceanography》2018,74(4):367-379
We studied the behavior of chemical substances in the upper 300 m of the water column across the continental shelf–slope interface in the East China Sea off the Okinawa Trough. The behaviors of iron, inorganic nutrients, and humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter were strongly influenced by the extensive water exchange between the East China Sea and the Kuroshio Current across the shelf break and slope via upwelling and frontal processes. We attributed the high humic-like fluorescent intensity at the subsurface of the shelf break and slope regions to the lateral supply of humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter from the shelf sediments to the outer shelf region due to the intrusion of shelf water into Kuroshio subsurface water. We found that the behavior of iron at the continental shelf–slope was remarkably different from the conservative mixing of inorganic nutrients and humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter. In deep and bottom waters at the shelf–slope, high total iron concentrations, which were closely related to water transmittance, possibly resulted from the swept transport of iron-rich resuspended sediments over the shelf floor from the slope by the invading Kuroshio Intermediate Water close to the bottom. 相似文献
16.
The petrographic and micropaleontological studies of the rocks in the sedimentary cover of the Primorye continental slope in the area of Vladimir Bay in the Sea of Japan made it possible to establish that the sedimentary cover is represented in this area by two different facial complexes of Late Miocene rocks. The first facial complex consists of terrigenous rocks (siltstones, sandstones, and conglomerates) that were accumulated under relatively shallow-water conditions of the shelf and the uppermost part of the continental slope. The second one is formed by diatomaceous-clayey rocks under more deep-water conditions, mainly in the upper part of the continental slope. The carbonate nodules that are widely distributed among the deposits of the first complex but are also recorded in the second one were formed as a result of diagenetic processes in the terrigenous or silicious-terrigenous sediments that had been formed. With respect to their age, the Late Miocene deposits are characterized by a full succession of diatomaceous zones over 10.0–5.5 mln yr. The sediments of the first facial complex accumulated during the first third of the Late Miocene (10.0–8.5 mln yr), while those of the second began to accumulate somewhat later, but their accumulation continued until the late Miocene (9.2–5.5 mln yr). 相似文献
17.
Hui Chen Xinong Xie David Van Rooij Thomas Vandorpe Li Huang Laiyuan Guo Ming Su 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2013,34(3-4):239-257
Based upon 2D seismic data, this study confirms the presence of a complex deep-water sedimentary system within the Pliocene-Quaternary strata on the northwestern lower slope of the Northwest Sub-Basin, South China Sea. It consists of submarine canyons, mass-wasting deposits, contourite channels and sheeted drifts. Alongslope aligned erosive features are observed on the eastern upper gentle slopes (<1.2° above 1,500 m), where a V-shaped downslope canyon presents an apparent ENE migration, indicating a related bottom current within the eastward South China Sea Intermediate Water Circulation. Contourite sheeted drifts are also generated on the eastern gentle slopes (~1.5° in average), below 2,100 m water depth though, referring to a wide unfocused bottom current, which might be related to the South China Sea Deep Water Circulation. Mass wasting deposits (predominantly slides and slumps) and submarine canyons developed on steeper slopes (>2°), where weaker alongslope currents are probably dominated by downslope depositional processes on these unstable slopes. The NNW–SSE oriented slope morphology changes from a three-stepped terraced outline (I–II–III) east of the investigated area, into a two-stepped terraced (I–II) outline in the middle, and into a unitary steep slope (II) in the west, which is consistent with the slope steepening towards the west. Such morphological changes may have possibly led to a westward simplification of composite deep-water sedimentary systems, from a depositional complex of contourite depositional systems, mass-wasting deposits and canyons, on the one hand, to only sliding and canyon deposits on the other hand. 相似文献
18.
南海西沙海槽盆地地质构造特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西沙海槽盆地是一个发育在南海北部陆坡深水区的新生代沉积盆地,接受了厚1 500～8 000m的沉积,沉积层中部厚,南北薄,呈南北分带特征。地震剖面上表现出下断上拗的特点,盆地裂陷期的构造样式以"多米诺式半地堑"或"地堑"为特征,控制半地堑发育的主要断层有F1、F2、F3、F4、F5。盆地发育经历了古新世—渐新世断陷和中新世—第四纪拗陷两个主要演化阶段,断陷阶段发育陆相河湖相沉积,拗陷阶段发育浅海-半深海沉积。 相似文献
19.
In nature, a slope stability is determined by the ratio of a sliding resistance to a slide force. The slide force of a marine deep-water continental slope is mainly affected by sediment mechanics properties, a topography, and a marine seismic. However, the sliding resistance is mainly affected by sedimentary patterns and a sedimentary stress history. Both of these are different from case to case, and their impact can be addressed when the data are organized in a geographic information system（GIS）. The study area on the continental slope in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin in South China Sea provides an excellent opportunity to apply GIS spatial analysis technology for the evaluation of the slope stability. In this area, a continental slope topography and a three-dimension（3-D） topography mapping show a sea-floor morphology and the distribution of a slope steepness in good detail, and the sediment analysis of seabed samples and an indoor appraisal reveals the variability of a sediment density near the sea-floor surface. On the basis of the results of nine geotechnical studies of submarine study areas, it has worked out that an equivalent cyclic shear stress ratio is roughly between 0.158 and 0.933, which is mainly depending on the initial water content of sediment. A regional density, slope and level of anticipated seismic shaking information are combined in a GIS framework to yield a map that illustrates a continental slope stability zoning under the influencing factors in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin in the South China Sea. The continental slope stability evaluation can contribute to north resources development in the South China Sea, the marine functional zoning, the marine engineering construction and adjust measures to local conditions, at the same time also can provide references for other deep-water slope stability analysis. 相似文献
20.
Continental slope sedimentation adjacent to an ice margin I. Seismic facies of Labrador Slope 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Reinhard Hesse 《Geo-Marine Letters》1992,12(4):189-199
Sleeve-gun, 3.5-kHz, and 12-kHz profiles from the Labrador Slope provide the basis for an analysis of sedimentary facies, processes, and evolution of a continental slope adjacent to an ice margin. The upper slope is deeply incised by numerous canyons reflecting headward canyon branching. The less rugged middle-slope topography has fewer canyons and large slide and slump scars followed downslope by debris-flow deposits. Echo character of seismic profiles reflects the difference in sediment types supplied from mud-dominated sources and sand-, gravel- and till-dominated sources. On the rise, debris-flow deposits are largely confined to canyons. Intercanyon areas are dominated by spill-over turbidites alternating with hemipelagic sediments, which on some of the southern to southwestern levees occur in sediment-wave fields formerly attributed to bottom-current activity. 相似文献