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本文利用2006—2010年在广西沿岸海域获得的409个表层沉积物样品和2个站位的水文观测资料,通过沉积物粒度参数、Gao-Collins粒径趋势分析、以及表层沉积物输运通量的计算,探讨了该区域表层沉积物的粒度分布与输运特征。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物以粉砂和砂为主,主要类型为泥、砂质泥、粉砂、泥质砂、砂、含砾泥质砂、含砾砂、砾质砂;中值粒径范围跨度较大;分选系数由岸向海逐渐变大;大部分区域呈极正偏态。研究区沉积物输运趋势整体上有向岸输运的趋势。在防城港南侧海域和雷州半岛西侧分别有一个汇聚中心,廉州湾附近沉积物向湾内堆积。潮流作用下表层沉积物输运通量的研究表明,该海域的日平均单宽输沙通量较小,与表层沉积物的运移趋势一致,净输砂方向受潮流流速和持续时间的影响。 相似文献
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琼州海峡东口潮流沙脊主要受到东西向往复流和地形地貌的控制,是我国重要的海砂资源地。通过对琼州海峡东口海域350个站位的表层样粒度数据的分析,探讨了研究区的沉积物粒度特征,并划分了沉积环境。结果显示,研究区底质类型共17种,以砂、砾质砂、砾质泥质砂、泥质砂质砾、砂质粉砂为主,其中潮流沙脊区,主要分布有砂、砾质砂和砾质泥质砂,以东则分布有砂质粉砂和粉砂质砂,砂质砾和泥质砂质砾多分布于冲刷槽内。研究区沉积物砾、砂、粉砂、粘土的平均占比分别为9.7%、71.0%、15.3%、4.0%,平均粒径为2.15 φ,分选系数为1.69,其中潮流沙脊区砂占比多超过95.0%,平均粒径多小于2.00 φ,分选较好,随着水动力的减弱,由西向东,沉积物逐渐变细。通过聚类分析,研究区共划分出6类沉积区,Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类沉积区分别代表潮流沙脊区和冲刷海槽区,Ⅲ类代表海湾环境,Ⅳ类代表潮流沙脊前缘,Ⅴ类代表开阔陆架,Ⅵ类代表河口水下三角洲沉积环境。 相似文献
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济州岛南部海域海底声呐图像分析与声学底质分类 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
东海北部外陆架靠近济州岛南部海域,是黄海槽向冲绳海槽延伸的部分,属于黑潮分支黄海暖流的通道入口,分布着脊槽相间的海底底形,对其海底声呐图像的处理分析及声学底质分类的分析研究,有助于了解该通道海底底形表层纹理特征及沉积物分布规律。基于在济州岛南部海域获取的多波束声呐数据,应用图像处理技术和方法,对数据进行了处理,获得了海底声呐影像图,并对其表层纹理特征进行了描述和分析;同时,基于多波束反向散射强度数据,结合19组海底地质取样数据,建立研究区海底反向散射强度与沉积物粒度特征之间的统计关系模型,并以改进的学习向量量化神经网络方法,实现对海底粉砂质砂、黏土质砂以及砂-粉砂-黏土3种底质类型的快速自动分类识别。 相似文献
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海南日月湾是典型的岬角弧形海湾,海岸类型多样,底质粒级较粗。基于实测的海流、表层沉积物粒度数据,分析了海南日月湾海域表层沉积物的分布特征,计算了泥沙起动流速与表层沉积物输运通量,探讨了表层沉积物运移趋势。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物颗粒较粗,整体以含砾砂为主,其次为砾质砂、砂、砂质砾和粉砂质砂,呈圆斑状零星分布;沉积物粒级组分从最细的黏土到最粗的砾均有分布,细颗粒主要分布于研究区东侧和西侧近岸海域,粗颗粒呈NS向条带状分布于研究区中南部海域,呈现中部分选差、周边分选好的特征;研究区泥沙起动流速在近岸自东北向西南递增,在远岸自东北向西南先减小后增大,粒径对泥沙起动流速的影响大于水深,靠近分界洲岛海域,单纯的潮流作用只能使部分颗粒发生再悬浮,表层沉积物平均日净输运通量介于0.04～3.7 kg m-1 d-1,净输沙方向总体呈SW向,平均日净输运通量在东北侧海域明显高于西南侧海域,涨潮段单宽输沙率略大于落潮段单宽输沙率(R4站位除外),涨、落潮段输沙方向基本一致。 相似文献
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为对辽东湾觉华岛附近海域海底工程地质环境进行系统评估,利用高分辨海底声学探测设备获取调查海区的精密水深地形数据,利用筛析法、激光粒度仪实验法确定沉积物类型及粒度参数特征,最终综合分析得到研究区海底地形地貌及沉积物分布特征。研究发现,目标海域测量水深介于4~22m之间,平均水深15m左右,海底地形平坦,整体表现为平缓的近岸缓坡,地貌以近岸粉砂淤泥质浅滩地貌为主,局部发育微型海底沙波;海底浅地层第一声学反射界面清楚连续,可全区追踪,穿透深度0.5~5m不等,沉积物厚度相对稳定;表层沉积物中值粒径普遍较小,沉积物类型东区以粉砂和砂质粉砂为主,西区以砂质粉砂为主;表层沉积物组分和粒度参数的空间变化规律较为复杂,分析认为其主要受到沉积物物源以及辽东湾内往复流、沿岸流的影响。。 相似文献
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利用埕岛海域109个井位的地质勘察资料,对其海底地貌类型和海底表层沉积物类型进行了统计,结果表明,大多数井位海底微地貌类型为平滑海底地貌,冲刷地貌、残留台地地貌和斑状地貌只是在局部海域出现;研究区海底表层沉积物主要有粉土、粉质黏土、淤泥质粉质黏土和淤泥4种.依据不同海域的水深地形、海底地貌、地层分布特点和工程地质性质,将研究区划分为Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区、Ⅲ区和Ⅳ区.选取具桩靴和无桩靴平台,使用API公式分析了在各海域的适宜性.具大桩靴平台在Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区和Ⅳ区具有较好的适宜性,在Ⅲ区铁板砂较厚的区域就位时,应满足刺穿分析,同时避免在陡坡带或垅岗边缘地带就位.深插桩平台适合在各区就位,宜选择20～30 m深度内的冲积相地层作为桩端持力层. 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(3)
对日照近海50个表层沉积物样品进行粒度计算、多元统计分析和沉积环境动力分区,结果表明研究区沉积物类型复杂,从泥质砂质砾到泥均有分布,共11种类型。沉积物粒度组成以砂和粉砂为主,砂含量占绝对优势,多以细砂形式存在。日照港和岚山港附近的沉积物粒径细,分选较差,负偏,峰态平坦,其它区域总体上粒径粗,分选差,正偏,峰态尖锐。研究区分为3个不同的沉积环境区。1区分布在傅疃河口近岸,为河口强动力沉积区;2区分布在东部15~20m水深区域,为潮流沉积和残留沉积混合作用区;3区分布在日照港和岚山港附近海域,为潮下低能沉积区。 相似文献
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通过对平海湾外湾106个表层沉积物样品的粒度分析,阐述了平海湾外湾表层沉积物的物质组成和粒度参数分布特征.利用沉积物粒径趋势模型初步探讨了平海湾外湾的沉积物输运趋势,结合新老海图对比,分析了该海域的冲淤变化特征,并结合平海湾发展规划选取代表站位来分析计算潮流和波浪对海底沉积物的冲刷.结果表明,研究海域表层沉积物可分为5种类型,主要为粘土质粉砂,随着水深的增加,沉积物呈逐渐变细的趋势.沉积物的平均粒径(Mz)、分选系数(σi)、偏态(S_(ki))及峰态(K_g)的分布与研究区海域沉积环境和水动力条件等相对应.粒径趋势分析显示研究区表层沉积物的输运趋势主要为NW向和SE向.对比不同年代海图及观测资料表明,研究海域呈弱淤积状态;经过分析计算,研究区海底沉积物不是受到潮流而是波浪的冲刷. 相似文献
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近年来, 随着海砂资源需求激增和勘查开发快速发展, 解决海砂调查研究领域中海砂命名混乱的问题迫在眉睫。本文在总结多年海砂调查经验和前人研究成果的基础上, 分析对比已有粒级划分标准和沉积物命名方法的特点, 提出一套适用于海砂的粒级划分标准和命名方法。基于伍登-温特沃斯(Udden-Wentworth)等比制φ值粒级标准, 提出将海砂沉积物粒级划分为砾(>2mm)、砂(2~0.063mm)和泥(<0.063mm)3大类, 二级细分为9小类; 基于优势粒级法思想, 将砾、砂和泥作为三个分类端元, 提出“砾-砂-泥三角图解+砂、砾质沉积物细分命名”的海砂沉积物分类方案, 体现了“对砂、砾质沉积物细化其名, 对泥质沉积物简化其名”的思想。该命名方法直观地反映了海砂的粒级组成和含量, 同时较好地兼顾了海砂命名的沉积学涵义和实际应用需求。 相似文献
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The relationship between acoustic backscatter, sediment characteristics and benthic habitat is examined using high-resolution sidescan sonar data collected at the Loch Linnhe artificial reef site on the west coast of Scotland. The site is typical for the continental shelf of NW Europe, with a mix of seabed environments from muddy to coarse, stony substrata on a 10–100 m length scale. A sidescan sonar mosaic was produced and classified according to derived backscatter parameters (mean, median and standard deviation of the backscatter values) using an unsupervised classification procedure. The accuracy of the final classified map was assessed by comparison with a ground-truthing survey in which the biological habitat was derived from underwater video footage. The sidescan correctly predicted seabed surface characteristics of observed biological habitat with 78% accuracy. A second, and more challenging test of the acoustic data to correctly predict biological habitat was made by comparing it with data from 21 grab sampling stations. These stations were divided into three groups using multivariate statistical techniques based on their backscatter properties. Benthic assemblage structure was found to be significantly distinct between the high and low, and the medium and low backscatter stations. There was a low to moderate but significant correlation between the multivariate patterns of acoustic backscatter, benthic assemblage structure, and particle size distribution. The work shows that even in areas with subtle and gradational changes in substratum, the sidescan was able to predict biological community with an acceptable accuracy. 相似文献
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海底表层底质分布信息的准确获取在构建海洋基础地理数据库中发挥着重要作用。目前,多波束是实现大范围海底底质分类的有效手段之一,基于多波束测深和反向散射强度数据所派生的声学特征被广泛应用于底质分类建模。然而,随着特征维度的增加,特征空间中存在的无关和冗余特征严重影响底质分类精度。为了定量评估声学特征对底质类别的表征能力,并消除无效特征对分类结果的干扰,本文提出了基于多维度声学特征优选的海底底质分类方法。首先,结合实际底质样本的物理属性对多维特征进行排序和优选,排除冗余和无关特征。其次,分别应用支持向量机、随机森林和深度信念网络构建海底底质监督分类模型。通过利用爱尔兰海南部多波束调查数据和实地取样信息进行试验,结果表明提出方法对海底底质的总体分类精度和Kappa系数分别最高达到了86.20%和0.834,相较于主成分分析和熵指标特征选择方法有明显提高,突出了该方法在海底底质探测及制图的应用潜力。 相似文献
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P. Justy W. Siwabessy Maggie Tran Kim Picard Brendan P. Brooke Zhi Huang Neil Smit David K. Williams William A. Nicholas Scott L. Nichol Ian Atkinson 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2018,39(1-2):249-269
Spatial information on the distribution of seabed substrate types in high use coastal areas is essential to support their effective management and environmental monitoring. For Darwin Harbour, a rapidly developing port in northern Australia, the distribution of hard substrate is poorly documented but known to influence the location and composition of important benthic biological communities (corals, sponges). In this study, we use angular backscatter response curves to model the distribution of hard seabed in the subtidal areas of Darwin Harbour. The angular backscatter response curve data were extracted from multibeam sonar data and analysed against backscatter intensity for sites observed from seabed video to be representative of “hard” seabed. Data from these sites were consolidated into an “average curve”, which became a reference curve that was in turn compared to all other angular backscatter response curves using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov goodness-of-fit. The output was used to generate interpolated spatial predictions of the probability of hard seabed (p-hard) and derived hard seabed parameters for the mapped area of Darwin Harbour. The results agree well with the ground truth data with an overall classification accuracy of 75% and an area under curve measure of 0.79, and with modelled bed shear stress for the Harbour. Limitations of this technique are discussed with attention to discrepancies between the video and acoustic results, such as in areas where sediment forms a veneer over hard substrate. 相似文献
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Gassy sediments in the Ría de Arousa are preferentially distributed in areas of muddy seabed sediments. The close relationship between seabed sediment parameters and gas distribution is here studied in detail to establish better constraints on the presence of gas. Discriminant analysis was applied to the textural and compositional characteristics of 303 seabed sediment samples to classify gas-related and gas-free areas in the Ría de Arousa. The parameters considered in the classification were: particle size data (percentages of clay, silt, sand and gravel), the total inorganic carbon and the total organic carbon contents of the samples. The samples were initially classified in two groups according to the presence or absence of acoustic turbidity in the seismic profiles, shallower than 150 cm below seabed. Of the total known cases, 85.5% were correctly classified using these variables. Applying the Wilks’ lambda criterion, the most influential textural discriminating variables were the percentage of clay and the percentage of coarse fraction (gravel and sand) in the sediment sample. Discriminant analysis has achieved good differentiation between gas-related and gas-free sediments using near-seabed sediment information. The application of the discriminant method has enabled the estimation of the total area covered by gassy sediments in the Ría de Arousa. The area calculated based on the seismic data (30 km2) is a minimum estimate that is constrained by the limits of the existing seismic data. Based on the sediment information obtained from seabed samples, the statistical method estimates a total area of gassy sediments of 39 km2. The new gassy areas recognized are located around the gas field at the inner ría, and the gas field west of Arousa Island, which increase in area by 8.3 and 0.4 km2 respectively. 相似文献
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海洋碎屑沉积物的分类 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
比较研究了以Shepard和Folk等为的海洋碎屑沉积物分类方案，提出沉积物的分类应兼具描述与解释两种功能。Shepard分类已经过时，Folk等的分类方案有显著的优点，但亦有不足之处，应予以改进。沉积物的成分分类受到忽视的现象应予以改变。为适应我国海洋地质测量的需要，作者提出了一套结构分类与成分分类相匹配的多重分类系统，解决了海洋碎屑沉积物分类中的矛盾和问题。 相似文献
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Seabed outcrops of glaciodeltaic sediments were identified in four places east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, during seismic-reflection,
multibeam bathymetric and backscatter, bottom photographic, and sediment sampling surveys. These strata record coarser-grained
ice-proximal glaciofluvial topset to finer-grained distal glaciolacustrine bottomset deposition within deltaic systems that
prograded southwestward into glacial lakes from the South Channel lobe about 18 ka b.p. These beds are important because they (1) influence the outer Cape’s hydrogeologic framework, and (2) constitute relatively
stable, locally rough habitats within an area of seafloor dominated by mobile sand and gravelly sediment, and benefit the
benthic fauna by providing shelter and a substrate amenable to burrow construction. 相似文献
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Abstract The composition and properties of glacigenic sediments in the southwestern Barents Sea are described based on data from 33 shallow boreholes (< 143 m below seabed) and 11 seabed cores (<4.2m below seabed). The cores are tied into a regional seismostratigraphic framework, illustrating the relationships between different boreholes. A massive, muddy diamicton (silty, sandy clay with scattered gravel) is found in nearly all cores. Average clay content (<2 pm) of this lithology is about 38%, but varies between about 25% and 50%. Short intervals of finely laminated, waterlain sediments or gravelly sand are cored in a few occasions. A high content of sand and gravel in the cores from near the Norwegian coast shows an influence of sediment input from the mainland, while material eroded from sedimentary rocks dominates farther offshore. The data presented on physical properties include undisturbed and remolded undrained shear strength, natural water content, bulk density, compressional sound velocity (P waves), Atterberg consistency limits, effective preconsolidation pressure, and consolidation coefficient. Prediction of overconsolidation from seismic mapping of erosional surfaces is confirmed by the borehole cores. High compaction is found both in Weichselian and older deposits, with a general increase in compaction toward the east as well as toward shallower water. Cores that are “underconsolidated” at their present burial depth are also reported. The average compressional sound velocity is about 1780 m/s for the borehole cores, 1550 m/s for the seabed cores, and increases with increasing shear strength and consolidation. Both horizontal and vertical sound velocities are measured in several cores, and although the data have a considerable scatter, a slightly aniso‐tropic sound velocity is indicated. 相似文献
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基于组分反演的高光谱潮间带表层沉积物自动分类研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用星载高光谱遥感影像数据Hyperion并结合现场采样粒度分析资料,对潮间带表层沉积物类型的自动分类进行了研究.根据低潮位下沉积物的短波红外光谱反射率与沉积物组分(沙、粉砂、黏土)含量之间的强相关关系,选择2102nm为特征波段,建立了高光谱定量遥感反演模型,获取初步的逐像元沙、粉砂和黏土含量,然后采用线性均衡化处理方法对初步反演结果进行修正,并结合Shepard三角分类法建立对照表,自动确定出每一像元对应的沉积物类型,得到研究区潮间带表层沉积物的空间分布特征,总体分类验证精度为87.9%.研究结果表明,研究区分布着三种沉积物,分别为粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂和粉砂,所占比例分别为18.9%,64.6%和16.5%,它们的空间分布趋势与研究区内的植被分布状况、水动力条件以及沉积物来源密切相关. 相似文献