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关于建立渤海区昌黎岸段自然保护区的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
渤海西岸,自河北昌黎大浦河口到滦河口52.1km海岸,是全新世以来由于河流、海流、海浪和风力等因素塑造成的沙丘海岸。在沙丘背后,分布着我国沿海最大的七里海潟湖。这里的近海海域底质为细沙,分布着我国面积最大,蕴藏量最多的国家二类保护动物——文昌鱼资源。 笔者曾提出在这里建立沙丘、潟湖、文昌鱼自然保护区问题,1989年,该区作为一个功能区,划入自然保护区范围。 相似文献
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潟湖是重要的海岸湿地类型,具有丰富的自然资源和独特的生态功能。近几十年来,我国的海岸潟湖遭到了极大破坏,因此,开展我国海岸潟湖遥感监测与分析具有重要意义。本文根据1979年、1990年、2000年和2010年的4期共102景多时相遥感影像数据,利用遥感和地理信息系统等技术方法对我国大陆海岸潟湖进行了遥感监测,首次调查统计了我国大陆海岸潟湖的名称、数量、分布、岸线长度和面积信息,并对近31年来我国大陆海岸潟湖的变迁状况进行了分析。结果表明,1979年我国大陆海岸潟湖共计251个,近31年,共消失19个潟湖,其中辽宁省消失15个,广东省消失3个,广西壮族自治区消失1个;1979年我国大陆海岸潟湖岸线总长度为2 692.26km,总面积为1 092.805 5km2,至2010年我国大陆海岸潟湖岸线总长度共减少337.80km,潟湖总面积共减少204.103km2;31年间,我国大陆海岸潟湖的岸线长度和潟湖面积总体均处在持续减少的状态,各省(自治区)也基本符合该规律;1979-2010年间,我国大陆海岸潟湖大部分处在老年期,死亡期潟湖消失19个。 相似文献
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粤西博贺沙坝潟湖海岸体系形成发育与现代演变 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
粤西博贺湾地区发育一典型的沙坝潟湖海岸体系。通过对比分析,1932~2000年,博贺潟湖面积减少45.3%,人类活动已成为影响该区海岸演变的主导因素;滩涂围垦、海岸采沙与水产养殖等人类活动加剧了沙坝海岸的侵蚀后退,且使得潟湖面积迅速减少,不断淤浅萎缩,大大加快了海岸体系的演化进程。根据钻孔地层剖面和14C测年资料分析,对该区沉积环境演变过程的研究结果表明,自晚更新世中期以来,博贺沙坝潟湖海岸体系经历了初步形成、遭受破坏、再次形成、发育、现代演变等5个主要阶段。 相似文献
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沙坝—潟湖是一类持续处于动态平衡调整过程中的地貌系统,具有河口典型的生态系统和重要的科研价值。文章从物源供给特征、外部干扰特征和沙坝—潟湖系统结构特征3个方面考虑,构建了沙坝—潟湖系统稳定性评价指标模型,用于评估浮渡河河口沙坝—潟湖稳定性。结果表明：2001—2012年沙坝—潟湖稳定性明显下降,河口筑坝、围海养殖等海岸开发活动强度的增加是引起稳定性下降的主要原因。在人类干扰活动较小的阶段,沙坝—潟湖稳定性会逐步调整并趋于动态平衡,但很难恢复原始稳定状态。沙坝－潟湖海岸是海岸整治修复的重要对象,采用量化指数方法识别沙坝－潟湖海岸演化趋势,可进一步增强海岸整治修复对策合理性。 相似文献
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海岸湿地退化对胶州湾渔业和生物多样性保护的影响 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
文章简要分析了胶州湾海岸湿地退化过程以及海岸湿地退化对渔业生产和生物多样性保护的影响。近40～50a来由于围垦、滩涂养殖、污染、城市化、填海造陆、河流断流、海面上升等原因，胶州湾海岸湿地呈现严重的退化趋势，表现为各类湿地面积不断萎缩，潮上带湿地植被退化和景观分维数下降，潮间带湿地底质和潮下带湿地水质不断恶化等。认为海岸湿地退化导致胶州湾海洋渔业资源严重衰退和生物多样性受损，并且对珍稀鸟类保护有不利影响。 相似文献
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2016年9月至2017年4月,采用样线法和可变大小样方法相结合,对七里海潟湖湿地非繁殖期鸟类进行了调查研究。调查共记录到鸟类13目27科60种,其中雀形目鸟类10科14种,占物种总数量的23. 33%;非雀形目鸟类17科46种,占物种总数量的76. 67%。湿地水鸟数量占全部鸟类总数量的95. 11%,水鸟类群主要为鸥类、雁鸭类、鸻鹬类和鹭类。鸟类居留类型主要为旅鸟和夏候鸟,分别占物种总数量的35. 00%和33. 33%。鸟类区系方面,以古北界鸟类和广布种鸟类为主,分别占物种总数量的63. 33%和26. 67%。经统计,鸟类多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数的平均值分别是1. 86、0. 39和2. 31。七里海潟湖湿地位于东亚—澳大利西亚迁徙路线上,是重要的鸟类迁徙停歇地和觅食地,鸟类尤其是水鸟资源丰富,应当受到关注和保护。 相似文献
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在简要概述潟湖基本概念和特征的基础上,围绕黄河河口莱州湾人工潟湖工程的布局方案进行了初步设计。初步设计的莱州湾人工潟湖属于半封闭型海岸潟湖,涉及海岸线长度约35km,海域面积470km2,主要由入海水沙通道、人工沙坝、潮汐通道三大工程体系组成。分析指出:人工潟湖将具有优化黄河入海水沙分配格局、减轻河口防洪防凌防潮压力、改善和维护海岸带生态环境、发展水产养殖、丰富旅游资源等多项功能。本文从施工技术、维护技术两个方面论证分析了人工潟湖的可行性,最后提出了兴建人工潟湖需要解决的诸多关键技术问题,如入海水沙通道的设计标准、补水分洪时机和规模、潮汐通道的设置及其纳潮数量、潟湖形成后泥沙输移与沉积及其容沙能力、对周围海域环境及其滨海生物的影响效应等问题等。 相似文献
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N. Barnes R.N. Bamber C.B. Moncrieff M. Sheader T.J. Ferrero 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
Coastal saline lagoons are rare in North West Europe and tend to be closed, brackish water systems. In the United Kingdom they are small and isolated, each exhibiting extremely variable habitat conditions, both spatially and temporally. This paper represents the first species-level study of lagoonal nematode assemblages in the UK. Samples were taken from seven ponds in a saline lagoon system on the south coast of England in order to describe the nematode assemblage in relation to habitat type and to assess the possibility of lagoonal specialisation. At each site samples were also taken, or data were already available, for salinity, sediment granulometry, sediment organic carbon content, photosynthetic pigments and lagoon topography. 相似文献
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七里海泻湖的形成与演变 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
七里海泻湖位于渤海湾的西北岸,是全新世晚期的一个半封闭泻湖。在其演变过程中至少经历过两次由泻湖──淡水湖──泻湖的过程。水体及湖体性质的变化决定于其是否与海连通及河流注入情况。近期,受人类经济活动及工程的影响,七里海泻湖生态系统遭到严重的破坏,并加速了泻湖的退化和消亡。 相似文献
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Massimo Ponti Andrea PasterisRoberta Guerra Marco Abbiati 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
Coastal lagoons are ephemeral habitats whose conservation requires human intervention, such as maintenance dredging of inner channels. Dredging can reduce the abundance of benthic species due to the removal of individuals with the sediment, modify sediment properties, and resuspend fine sediment, nutrients and pollutants, which can lead to eutrophication, hypoxic events and increasing toxicity. Both direct effects in the dredged channel and possible indirect effects in surrounding shallow areas could be expected. This study assesses the effects of the channel maintenance dredging, performed between October 2004 and August 2005, on the invertebrate assemblages both in channels and adjacent ponds in the northern Adriatic coastal lagoon of Pialassa Baiona. The lagoon is affected by eutrophication, chemical and thermal pollution from wastewater treatment and power plants. Three impacted sites were located in the dredged channel and three in the adjacent interconnected shallow water ponds, while three non-impacted sites were located in a channel and in a pond far from the dredged area. Replicate samples were collected from each site one time before and one time after the dredging operations. Despite the extent of the intervention, effects of the dredging on macrobenthic assemblages were detected only within the dredged channel, while in the surrounding ponds no clear and unequivocal effects were found. In particular the dredging could have promoted the increase of the abundance of the polychaete Streblospio shrubsolii in the southern and central parts of the dredged channel and the increase in abundance of the amphipod Corophium insidiosum in the northern side, compared to the controls. Instead, species diversity was reduced in the central and northern parts of the dredged channel. These effects on the macrobenthic invertebrate assemblages could be related to the observed changes of sediment characteristics, contamination and toxicity. Overall, direct effects on benthic assemblages in the dredged channels were more detectable than the possible secondary effects in the surrounding shallow ponds, where the higher spatial heterogeneity can mask any relevant effects. 相似文献
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基于地学信息图谱的河道、海岸线演变对黄河三角洲景观格局影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用1988、1998、2009和2016年四期遥感影像,运用GIS技术,将地学信息图谱的图形思维与景观生态学的定量思维相结合,以距今不同时期的亚三角洲和滨海湿地为研究区,从景观结构和景观演替两个方面探究黄河三角洲河道、海岸线演变对景观格局的影响。结果表明:(1)距今不同时间的河道对黄河三角洲景观结构的影响程度不同,距今时间越长的亚三角洲研究区内耕地占总面积的比例越大且耕地是亚三角洲研究区中的第一优势景观类型。在1855—1889亚三角洲研究区内,除耕地和建筑用地外,其他各类景观占总面积的比例都较小且随时间变化不明显;在1929—1934亚三角洲研究区内,盐田、养殖池占总面积的比例从2009年到2016年增加了近40%,涨幅明显;在1964—1976亚三角洲研究区内,各类景观占总面积的比例趋于平均;在2017至今的亚三角洲研究区内,耕地和光滩占总面积的比例较高,达到24%左右。(2)距今不同时间的海岸线对黄河三角洲景观结构的影响程度也不同,在1855滨海湿地研究区内,耕地占总面积比例为60%左右,而海域占总面积比例接近于0,极差较大;在1934和1974滨海湿地研究区内,光滩、柽柳、碱蓬群落、芦苇、白茅群落占总面积比例随时间变化几乎呈逐渐下降趋势,而建筑用地和盐田、养殖池则呈逐渐上升趋势;2009滨海湿地研究区,河流、人工水域占总面积比例在2009年和2016年均达到32%以上。(3)根据景观类型重心变化特征,分析河道、海岸线演变对景观演替的影响程度,将不同时期亚三角洲和滨海湿地研究区景观演替分为如下几类:亚三角洲人类活动主导型、废弃河道主导型、行水河道主导型、滨海湿地人类活动主导型、废弃海岸主导型、新海岸主导型。 相似文献
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Fan Wei Mei Han Guangxuan Han Min Wang Lixin Tian Jiqian Zhu Xianglun Kong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(9):192-204
Coastal wetlands are located in the ecotone of interaction between the land surface and sea, and anthropogenic activities extensively interfere with these wetlands through the reclamation of large tidal wetlands and destruction of the function of the ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the dynamic evolutionary characteristics of the Bohai Rim coastal area over the past 40 years using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, the fractal dimension, object-oriented classification, the land-use transfer trajectory, and regression analysis. Additionally, we quantified and monitored the evolution of reclamation and analyzed the correlation between reclamation and coastal wetlands based on 99 Landsat-2, -5, and -8 images (at 60 m and 30 m spatial resolution) over the period 1980–2019. The results are as follows. (1) The coastline of the Bohai Rim increased by 1 631.2 km from 1980 to 2019 with a zigzag variation. The artificial coastline increased by 2 946.1 km, whereas the natural coastline decreased by 90%. (2) The area of man-made wetlands increased by 3 736.9 km2, the area of construction land increased by 1 008.4 km2, and the natural wetland area decreased by 66%. The decrease of tidal flats is the main contributor to the decrease of natural wetland area (takes account for 91.1%). Coastal areas are affected by intense human disturbance, which was taken place across a large area of tidal flats and caused the landscape to fragment and be more heterogeneous. The coastal zone development activities were primarily concentrated in the southern Laizhou Bay, the Yellow River Delta, the Bohai Bay, the northern Liaodong Bay, and the Pulandian Bay. The solidified shorelines and increase in sea level have resulted in intertidal wetlands decreasing and impaired wetland ecology. (3) There is a good agreement between reclamation and the size of the coastal wetlands. Both land reclamation and the reduction in coastal wetland areas are significantly related to the population size, fishery output value, and urbanization rate. In summary, human activities, such as the construction of aquaculture ponds and salt pans, industrialization, and urbanization, are the primary forces that influence the environmental changes in the coastal region. This study is beneficial for establishing and improving the systems for the rational development and utilization of natural resources, and provides theoretical references for restoring wetland ecology and managing future reclamation activities in other coastal zone-related areas. 相似文献
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Silvia Albarracín Javier Alcántara-Carrió Andrés Barranco María José Sánchez García Ángela Fontán Bouzas Jorge Rey Salgado 《Geo-Marine Letters》2013,33(2-3):217-223
The focus of this study is the analysis of coastal sand barriers and associated coastal lagoons on the inner continental shelf of the Gulf of Valencia (western Mediterranean), based on two W–E seismic profiles recorded seaward of the Albufera de Valencia coastal lagoon. Seismic facies identified include a number of coastal sand barriers with landward lagoons draped by contemporary continental shelf deposits. The barrier systems have been grouped into two sedimentary systems tracts, the older one corresponding to a prograding/aggrading highstand systems tract involving at least four paleo-coastal sand barrier/lagoon systems, followed landward by a transgressive systems tract comprising three such systems. All the systems have been allocated a Tyrrhenian age, the formation of individual barrier systems having been associated with successive sea-level stillstands, and their present-day position being explained by the very high regional subsidence rate. In summary, this study demonstrates that the Quaternary stratigraphic record of the Gulf of Valencia inner continental shelf is composed of littoral sand facies, in particular coastal sand barrier and lagoon deposits. These findings are in agreement with corresponding observations on other continental shelves of the western Mediterranean, showing that the formation of coastal sand barriers was a characteristic feature of this region during the Quaternary. 相似文献
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Fedro U. Tapia González Jorge A. Herrera-SilveiraMaria L. Aguirre-Macedo 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
Coastal lagoon ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to eutrophication due to often restricted water exchange with the adjacent ocean, leading to an accumulation of nutrients from the surrounding watershed. The coastal areas of the northern Yucatán (SE Mexico) show similar geological characteristics: carbonate soils, and strong groundwater discharges (SGD), which are a source of fresh water and dissolved inorganic nutrients. However, due to differences in land use and human impact, these coastal lagoons have different water quality characteristics. To determine the variables and processes that influence water quality and eutrophic status of these tropical coastal lagoons with different hydrological regimes and human impacts, bimonthly samplings were carried for a year at 11 stations in Celestún and Chelem lagoons. The results indicate that Celestún is influenced by bioturbation (resuspension and nutrients inputs from waterfowl) and SGD with high concentrations of nitrate and silicate, leading to oligo-mesotrophic conditions. Chelem had high ammonium and phosphate concentrations, reflecting impacts by wastewaters from the surrounding urban area, resulting in meso-eutrophic conditions. Forcing functions such as climatic patterns, water residence time and local aquifer pollution are probably the main variables that explain the observed patterns. 相似文献
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海南岛东南部潟湖台风事件沉积记录 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
研究海岸潟湖沉积记录可恢复器测记录之前和史前时期热带气旋活动的频率和强度信息。本文试图通过分析潟湖沉积揭示南海北部地区的古台风活动信息,以海南岛东南部两个潟湖的钻孔沉积物为研究对象,选取沉积物粒度、有机质和碳酸盐含量等参数建立台风事件的鉴别指标,同时借助210Pb CRS计年模式确定了沉积物柱状样的沉积速率和年代序列,对海南岛东南部的古风暴活动进行了分析。结果显示,柱状岩心清晰地记录了海南省东南部过去350年期间的35次特大风暴潮事件。基于历史文献和沉积记录的风暴沉积事件恢复了近350年来的风暴活动历史,发现海南省东南部特大风暴事件频数与厄尔尼诺强度有显著关系,同时还可能受到太平洋涛动（PDO）、北大西洋涛动（NAO）和太阳黑子活动等多种气候因素的综合影响。本文研究表明,结合风暴沉积记录和历史文献资料可为恢复海岸带地区长时间尺度高分辨率的古风暴活动规律提供有效信息。 相似文献
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Consistency of temporal and habitat-related differences among assemblages of fish in coastal lagoons
The consistency of habitat-related differences in coastal lagoon fish assemblages was assessed across different spatial and temporal scales. Multimesh gillnets were used to sample assemblages of fish on a monthly basis for 1-year in three habitats (shallow seagrass, shallow bare and deep substrata) at two locations (>1 km apart), in each of two coastal lagoons (approximately 500 km apart), in southeastern Australia. A total of 48 species was sampled with 34 species occurring in both lagoons and in all three habitats; species caught in only one lagoon or habitat occurred in low numbers. Ten species dominated assemblages and accounted for more than 83% of all individuals sampled. In both lagoons, assemblages in the deep habitat consistently differed to those in the shallow strata (regardless of habitat). Several species were caught more frequently or in larger numbers in the deep habitat. Assemblages in the two shallow habitats did not differ consistently and were dominated by the same species and sizes of fish, possibly due to habitat heterogeneity and the scale and method of sampling. Within each lagoon, very few between location differences in assemblages within each habitat were observed. Consistent differences in assemblages were detected between lagoons for the shallow bare and deep habitats, indicating there were some intrinsic differences in ichthyofauna between lagoons. Assemblages in spring differed to those in summer, which differed to those in winter for the shallow bare habitat in both lagoons, and the deep habitat in only one lagoon. Fish-habitat relationships are complex and differences in the fish fauna between habitats were often temporally inconsistent. This study highlights the need for greater testing of habitat relationships in space and time to assess the generality of observations and to identify the processes responsible for structuring assemblages. 相似文献