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1.
对湛江东海岛潮间带表层沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)和同步提取重金属(SEM)的含量及其分布进行了研究。研究表明,东海岛潮间带表层沉积物中AVS含量夏季平均为0.449μmol/g,冬季为1.816μmol/g,大多数站位AVS含量冬季高于夏季;AVS平均含量总体呈南、北区较高,东、西区较低的区域分布规律。潮区沉积物可提取重金属SEM总量夏季在0.56~4.60μmol/g之间,冬季处于0.65~2.21μmol/g之间;各重金属平均含量大小为ZnCrPbCuCd,其中Cd含量占SEM总量不到1%,Zn含量则在70%以上,SEMZn是控制着SEM分布的主要模式。联合利用(∑SEM/AVS)与(∑SEMAVS)法和生物毒性阈值法综合评估重金属对沉积环境的影响,东海岛潮间带大部分区域沉积物中(∑SEM-AVS)处于0~5之间,重金属潜在生物毒性较强的区域为通明海区(7号站和8号站所在),具有较强潜在生物毒性的重金属为夏季通明海区的Zn。 相似文献
2.
对湛江东海岛潮间带表层沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)和同步提取重金属(SEM)的含量及其分布进行了研究。研究表明,东海岛潮间带表层沉积物中AVS含量夏季平均为0.449μ mol/g,冬季为1.816μ mol/g,大多数站位AVS含量冬季高于夏季;AVS平均含量总体呈南、北区较高,东、西区较低的区域分布规律。潮区沉积物可提取重金属SEM总量夏季在0.56μ mol/g~4.60μ mol/g之间,冬季处于0.65μ mol/g~2.21μ mol/g之间;各重金属平均含量大小为ZnCrPbCuCd,其中Cd含量占SEM总量不到1%,Zn含量则在70%以上,SEMZn是控制着SEM分布的主要模式。联合利用(∑SEM/AVS)与(∑SEM-AVS)法和生物毒性阈值法综合评估重金属对沉积环境的影响,东海岛潮间带大部分区域沉积物中(∑SEM-AVS)处于0~5之间,重金属潜在生物毒性较强的区域为通明海区(7号站和8号站所在),具有较强潜在生物毒性的重金属为夏季通明海区的Zn。 相似文献
3.
对珠江口淇澳岛附近2个站(QA-2、QA-5)柱状沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)和同步提取重金属(SEM)的垂直分布规律进行了研究。研究表明,AVS在2个站沉积物中的质量摩尔浓度分别为3.44～13.13μmol/g和11.67～15.39μmol/g。QA-2站沉积物中AVS的质量摩尔浓度随深度增加,QA-5站AVS的质量摩尔浓度垂直剖面上没有明显的变化趋势,反映了不同沉积环境对AVS质量摩尔浓度分布特征的影响。2个站的SEM的质量摩尔浓度在沉积物垂直剖面上都随深度增加逐渐减小,这是因为珠江三角洲工业和城市的发展、污染物排放增加导致了重金属在沉积物中的累积。QA-2站表层沉积物(0～5 cm)SEM/AVS>1,表明可能存在重金属的生物毒效应;同时,SEM中Cu和Cd的质量摩尔浓度超过了它们的重金属浓度阈值(TEL),有可能产生重金属毒性作用;QA-2站5 cm以下和QA-5站沉积柱中SEM/AVS<1,不存在重金属的生物毒效性。 相似文献
4.
酸溶硫化物(AVS)对沉积物-孔隙水系统中二价有毒金属化学活动性的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文的主要目的为,通过对具不同AVS含量的沉积物的金属加标实验和膜渗透平衡交换孔隙水采样技术,探讨孔隙水中二价有毒金属浓度对不同沉积物AVS含量的化学响应关系和沉积物-孔隙水系统中二价有毒金属在固、液两相间的地球化学分配机制,并以此揭示在AVS作用下,沉积物中二价微量金属的化学活动牲和生物可获得性.研究结果表明,用于加标实验的具不同硫化物含量的沉积物基质中,固相沉积物对镉、锌的吸收容量依AVS含量而异,如按摩尔浓度计,固相沉积物对铺或锌的吸收容量与AVS大致相等.当沉积物中与酸解硫化物同步被提取的金属铺或锌对AVS的摩尔比,[SEM]/[AVS]小于1时,孔隙水中辐或锌难于被检出;而[SEM]/[AVS]大于1时,沉积物中镉或锌开始表现出强烈的化学活动性,它们在孔隙水中的浓度开始跟随总量浓度变化而变化.[SEM]/[AVS]=1,似乎是判断缺氧海洋沉积物中二价有毒金属是否具有化学活动性的临界点.因此,AVS归一化沉积物中的二价有毒金属([SEM]/[AVS]摩尔比)被证明是一种方便直观地反映沉积物中二价有毒金属化学活动性的浓度表达方式,进而可被直接应用于金属沾污沉积物毒性或沉积物环境质量的评价. 相似文献
5.
湛江湾沉积物中酸可挥发性硫和重金属含量分布及重金属生态风险评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
测定了湛江湾海域20个站位表层沉积物中的酸可挥发性硫（AVS）、同步浸提重金属（SEM）、TOC含量和Eh值,对AVS、SEM含量的平面分布及AVS与SEM、TOC含量、Eh值的相互关系进行了分析.结果表明：该海域表层沉积物中AVS含量范围为0.004～0.547μmol/g,平均值为0.155μmol/g,SEM含量范围为2.10～4.27μmol/g,平均值为3.32μmol/g,相对其他海域湛江湾海域沉积物表现出AVS含量较低,SEM含量较高的特征.AVS与SEM含量平面分布较一致,湾顶的含量都较高,含量均值分别为0.361和3.52μmol/g,特呈岛以南到湾口呈逐渐减小的明显趋势.调查海域沉积物AVS与TOC含量呈显著正相关,与Eh值呈显著负相关,说明高有机质含量、低氧化还原电位沉积环境有利于AVS的生成.20个站位CSEM5-CAVS的差值均为0〈（CSEM5-CAVS）〈5,说明该海域可能存在重金属的中等毒性生态风险. 相似文献
6.
冷扩散法提取沉积物中的酸可溶硫化物及其在中国边缘海区的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了快速而有效地对中国边缘海区沉积物中的酸可溶硫化物(AVS)进行研究,冷扩散法被引入。用冷扩散法提取不同体积硫化物溶液中的AVS,所得到的AVS含量与所加溶液体积的相关性较好,说明此方法具有较好的提取效果。在中国边缘海不同典型海域的浅表层沉积物中,利用冷扩散法对AVS进行了分析:胶州湾李村河口AVS的浓度在0.4~120.1μmol/g之间;南黄海西北部陆架在0~11.1μmol/g之间;南海北部陆坡一柱状样沉积物中多数样品<1μmol/g。结果显示不同典型海域沉积物中AVS的分布差别较大,符合不同环境沉积物中AVS含量的一般规律。因此冷扩散法作为一种有效的AVS提取方法,值得在研究中使用与推广。 相似文献
7.
研究了2003年10月采于珠江口5个站位的沉积物剖面酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)和同时提取的重金属(SEM:Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd,Ni)。其中,站位1、2位于中滩,其沉积物的AVS含量变化范围较小,为0.25—4.06μmol.g-1;站位3、4位于西滩,其沉积物的AVS含量变化范围较大,为0—26.09μmol.g-1。中滩和西滩沉积物的AVS含量均随深度增加。西滩表层沉积物的AVS含量接近于零,这可能与该水域较强的底层流和沉积物的再悬浮作用有关。站位5位于珠江口外侧,其表层沉积物的AVS含量相对较高,且垂向变化较小,可能是还原性沉积物间歇性再悬浮后重新沉积的结果。站位1、2和5沉积物中同时提取的重金属含量大体在0.95±0.2μmol.g-1范围内,随深度增加略呈下降趋势;而西滩沉积物重金属含量相对较高,为1.43—2.42μmol.g-1,且在一定深度范围内随深度增加呈明显下降的趋势,表明珠江口西滩沉积物中的重金属污染有加重的趋势。对AVS/SEM摩尔比值和单个金属的毒性效应研究显示,珠江口内尤其是西滩的表层沉积物存在重金属污染,对其中生活的底栖生物具有潜在的毒性效应。 相似文献
8.
测定了广东汕尾品清湖海域7个站位表层沉积物样品的酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)和同步浸提重金属(SEM)质量摩尔浓度,对AVS、SEM及其比值以及分布进行了分析。结果表明,该海域表层沉积物AVS质量摩尔浓度范围为0.315～1.635μmol.g-1;SEM质量摩尔浓度分布范围为1.332～2.424μmol.g-1。通过分析,品清湖表层沉积物中Cu和Pb的生物有效性较高,对底栖生物存在潜在的毒性效应,其它单个重金属不会对底栖生物产生毒性效应。 相似文献
9.
胶州湾李村河口沉积物中酸可溶硫化物与活性金属分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对胶州湾李村河口9个短柱状样沉积物中活性金属、AVS和有机质含量等参数进行了分析.其中AVS含量:198.4～0.4 μmol/g,平均35.8μmol/g.大部分样品活性金属含量具有 Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr >V > Ni > Pb > Co > Cd 的顺序.活性重金属 Zn, Cu, Cr, V, Ni, Pb, Co, Cd 含量之和 ( ΣM ) 为:0.53～17.39 μmol/g.通过对所测数据分析发现,大多数活性金属间具有较好的相关性,反映了它们具有相同的来源或相似的早期成岩地球化学特征.近河口区沉积物的地球化学特征与远河口区差异明显:近河口区底层水为还原环境,AVS 形成的制约因素是活性铁的可获得性,而活性重金属的分布受到AVS的控制并主要以金属硫化物或硫化物吸附态的形式存在,AVS 仍具有较大的吸附重金属的潜力,同时硫化物中重金属再次释放造成二次污染的潜在性也较大;而在离河口稍远的海域,沉积物中 AVS 形成的控制因素是有机质的供给和环境氧化还原状态的变化,活性重金属主要以铁氧化物结合态存在,表层沉积物中重金属的环境敏感性及生物有效性都较高. 相似文献
10.
为探讨渤海沉积物中重金属的生物毒性,采集了渤海湾和莱州湾共72个站点的表层沉积物,测定了酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)、同步萃取金属(SEM)、有机碳(TOC)等参数,应用平衡分配模型(EqP Model)评价了沉积物中重金属的潜在生物毒性。研究显示,有8个站点超过了EqP Model的毒性阈值,显示潜在生物毒性,而61%的站点应无生物毒性。本研究同时测定了沉积物的总含量,应用几种常用的沉积物质量基准进行了评价虽然有部分站点的Cu、Ni、Cr超过了基准值,但与渤海的背景值比较,这些基准值可能并不适用于评价渤海沉积物。研究显示,EqP Model可以更有效的评价沉积物中重金属的活性和生物毒性,尤其针对我国近岸海域的沉积物,TOC和AVS含量偏低而重金属生物毒性偏高的情况可能普遍存在,更应积极考虑应用EqP Model进行重金属生物毒性的评价。 相似文献
11.
Spatial and seasonal variations of the macrobenthic community and metal contamination in the Douro estuary (Portugal) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The macrobenthic community structure and characteristics of sediments were studied in samples collected seasonally at five stations in the lower mesotidal Douro estuary, Portugal. Sediment characterisation included grain size distribution, total-recoverable metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni and Cd), acid-volatile sulphides (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) and total organic matter contents. Spatial variation surpassed temporal variation both in terms of environmental parameters and community structure. Clear anthropogenic contamination in terms of Zn, Cr, Cu and Pb, and a positive SEM-AVS, indicating the potential bioavailability of these metals, were detected on the north bank of the estuary. Multivariate analysis revealed that in addition to natural sediment characteristics, the anthropogenic metal contamination was influencing the macrobenthic community structure. In fact, greater concentrations of Zn, Cr, Cu and Pb were associated with lower number of species and/or diversity. Finally, the dry weight-normalised metal concentrations appeared as a more useful tool than the SEM-AVS model in predicting disturbance of the macrobenthic community in the studied area. 相似文献
12.
Ana P. Mucha M. Teresa S. D. Vasconcelos Adriano A. Bordalo 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,59(4):663
Vertical distribution (0–15 cm) of the macrobenthic community and its relationships to natural sediment characteristics and trace metal contents and bioavailability were studied at five locations in the lower Douro estuary, Portugal. An analysis of vertical metal distribution, for the interpretation of anthropogenic impact on the estuarine sediments, was also investigated. Sediment characterisation included organic matter, grain size, metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd, Zn and Mn), acid volatile sulphide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM). The macrobenthic community had low diversity (14 species), was dominated by small size opportunists and seemed to be controlled mainly by natural factors such as grain size distribution, Al and Fe contents and sediment depth. The vertically heterogeneous distribution of macrobenthic community appears to affect redox status of the sediments and consequently metal bioavailability. Despite anthropogenic contamination in terms of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni having already been detected in the north bank, the analysis of vertical distribution was essential for the identification of current anthropogenic contamination in terms of Zn, Pb and Cd in the south bank. 相似文献
13.
潮间带沉积物中重金属的AVS归一化研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采集胶州湾河套镇养殖区潮间带高、中、低潮带的沉积物样品 ,将重金属 AVS归一化法应用于粘土质潮间带沉积物研究 ,测定了酸可挥发硫 (AVS)和酸化过程中溶解释放的重金属 (SEM) ,并根据 SEM与 AVS的摩尔浓度关系评价二价重金属 (Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni)的化学活性和生物可获得性。结果表明 :河套镇养殖区除各潮带表层 0～ 2 cm外 ,SEM/ AVS均小于 1,重金属的生物活性小 ,不会对养殖的底栖生物造成影响。 8cm以下 AVS平均含量高潮带 >中潮带 >低潮带 ,在同一潮位 AVS随深度增加而增加 ;相同潮位的 SEM垂直变化趋势相同 相似文献
14.
海洋沉积物中酸溶硫化物对二价金属镉的地球化学特征及生物毒性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过海洋沉积物镉加标实验、沉积物间隙水分析和对加标沉积物毒性的10天底栖端足类生物检验，重点探讨在硫化物存在条件下，二介有毒金属镉在沉积物－间隙水系统中的地球化学分配和化学活性，及镉在沉积物中的化学活性与生物毒性间的关系。研究结果表明，镉加标沉积物的毒性与间隙水中镉浓度呈正相关，而与沉积物镉总量无关。在硫化物存在条件下，沉积物－间隙水系统中，二价镉在固、液两相同的分配主要受酸溶硫化物（AVS）影响。AVS归一化沉积物中二价镉含量可作为预测和评价二价有毒金属镉的化学分配行为和生物可获性或毒性的有效方法。酸解硫化物时同步提取的金融镉SEMCd^2 与AVS的摩尔浓度之比[SEMCd^2 ]/[AVS]可用作评价缺氧状况下镉沾污沉积物的环境质量和毒性的判据。 相似文献
15.
Organic matter and iron and maganese oxides have been considered as the major affecting factors for metals in anoxic or oxidized sediment. In recent research, clay and sulfide are found as major factors in oxic or oxidized sediments that might affect bioavailability of metals. To test this hypothesis, the influence of sulfide, measured as acid-volatile sulfide （AVS）, and clay content on the bioavailability of zinc and cadmium in sediments was examined. Laboratory simulative experiment and field verification experiment were conducted, showing that the bioavailability of zinc and cadmium is strongly correlated to AVS and clay content in sediments. Taking into account both AVS and clay parameters in sediments together can better indicate the bioavailability of zinc and cadmium rather than considering one of them alone. 相似文献
16.
渤海沉积物重金属环境质量评价及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于渤海404个站位的沉积物重金属元素含量与分布特征，通过潜在生态风险、地累积指数等指标定量评价了沉积物中重金属的环境质量，利用富集因子和主成分分析法，对影响渤海表层沉积物中重金属元素分布特征的影响因素进行了分析。研究结果显示，渤海湾重金属元素平均含量最高，渤海海峡最低；渤海Cd具有强潜在生态风险，Hg具有中等?强潜在生态风险，总潜在生态风险程度为中等；Cr和Ni的少量站位超过毒性阈值上限，其余重金属污染物含量均低于毒性阈值下限，表明渤海发生沉积物重金属的毒性污染的概率很低。沉积物中粒度效应控制的重金属元素含量对渤海表层沉积物中的重金属元素的分布具有主要影响，人类活动所造成的污染主要是Cd，主要分布于辽东湾的锦州湾和复州湾，其次通过河流进入海洋的Hg对黄河三角洲及莱州湾有重要影响，亟需引起注意。 相似文献
17.
Evaluation of mine tailings effects on a benthic marine infaunal community over 29 years 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Burd BJ 《Marine environmental research》2002,53(5):481-519
Benthic infaunal and sediment data collected over 29 years were used to examine the extent and geographic range of effects and recovery from submarine tailings deposition. Empirical data were used to determine extreme and moderate effects, and identify near-, mid- and far-field zones. A simple probability test using overlap in frequency distributions was then used to determine less obvious effects, identify "normal" or "reference" conditions, and verify the geographic range of effect zones. Tailings thickness and sediment particulate copper were elevated from the outfall to 16-20 km distant, particularly below discharge depth (50 m). Changes in tailings thickness and copper levels before, during and after mining showed three distinct impact zones below discharge depth: near-field (<5 km from outfall); mid-field (5-16 km); and far-field (20 + km). Consistent faunal declines during mining were noted at sediment particulate copper levels >300 microg g(-1), and sediment tailings thickness > 15-20 cm. Extreme impoverishment at these sediment levels were; < 100 animals/m2, <2.5 g/m2 biomass and <7 taxa per station. No stations with >300 microg g(-1) copper and 20 cm tailings had more than 40 taxa. Amphipods were particularly affected by tailings, with distributions reflecting the instability in sediments from heavy deposition and/or shifting of tailings due to resuspension. The probability testing method assumed that reference conditions existed in far-field stations. There was no difference in abundance distributions between near-, mid- and far-field zones. Total taxa per station during mining was significantly reduced (<45) in both near- and mid-field stations compared with far-field (less than 10% overlap in distributions). One midfield station in Quatsino Sound (23) was in reference condition throughout the study period. Post-closure stations in the near- and mid-field had total taxa numbers approaching far-field conditions (overlap of 62% in distributions). Within 3 years following closure, total taxa values were within the far-field range for all stations sampled. Biomass showed a distinct decline in the near-field during mining, but with more overlap in near-field and far-field distributions (27%) than for total taxa per station, and was returning to far-field conditions in the post-closure years. A multivariate (Bray-Curtis) measure of dissimilarity indicated that the near- and mid-field infaunal compositions were distinct from the far-field during mining (< 10% overlap in distributions). The mid-field composition overlapped more with the far-field in the post-closure years, but the near-field composition did not, suggesting that the mine tailings are still affecting the fauna. The most abundant taxon in each of the reference and near-field station groups both showed significantly distinct relative abundance distributions between near- and far-field stations. In summary, the probability method showed that species richness, biomass, species composition and indicator taxa were useful for differentiating affected and non-affected stations. Polychaetes recolonize stable tailings most quickly, and have dominated the tailings stations in the post-closure years. Amphipods have recolonized sporadically, but seem to be highly sensitive to tailings stability. There was no evidence of recovery in dominant bivalves or echinoderms within three years after mine closure. 相似文献