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1.
采用稀释涂板法研究了南麂岛海域沉积物中海洋放线菌的分离技术,分析了真空干燥处理、热处理、海水浓度、培养基种类等因素对分离效果的影响;首次将羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)溶液应用于海洋沉积物样品的预处理,探讨了不同浓度的CMC对海洋沉积物样品中放线菌分离结果的影响。结果表明:海洋沉积物经干燥处理、50℃热处理20 min均能有效地减少细菌数量,利于海洋沉积物中放线菌的分离;60%的海水配制的培养基对海洋放线菌的分离效果优于纯海水所配培养基,并且培养基中添加海泥浸出液能有效地增加海洋放线菌的出菌率;以质量浓度为2 g/L的CMC为分散剂时,不仅能良好地分散沉积物样品中的放线菌孢子,而且能明显地增加海洋放线菌的检出量及稀有放线菌的数量。 相似文献
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探究了南大西洋深海沉积物中可培养放线菌的多样性,筛选药源活性次级代谢产物产生菌,为后续资源开发奠定基础.采用3种预处理方法及8种选择性培养基对南大西洋3个深海沉积物样品中的放线菌菌株进行选择性分离鉴定;利用兼并引物扩增法,选取代表菌株进行聚酮合酶（PKSⅠ、PKSⅡ）基因和非核糖体多肽合成酶（NRPS）基因的检测;以4株细菌为指示菌检测代表菌株的抑菌活性.共分离得到132株放线菌纯菌株,分布于放线菌亚纲的6个目、13个科、19个属中,其中有5个属为较新或较稀有种属,有2株为潜在新种.34株化合物合成基因检测菌中PKSⅠ基因、PKSⅡ基因呈阳性的比率均为17.64%,NRPS基因呈阳性的则为52.94%.抗枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）和抗副溶血性弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）的菌株分别有47.06%和7.82%.南大西洋深海沉积物中放线菌资源丰富,存在较多潜在新分类单元,筛选到的活性菌株可用于后续药源活性次级代谢产物的分离. 相似文献
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采用2216E、R2A、M1培养基,首次从俄罗斯库页岛潮间带沉积物样品中分离到82株可培养海洋细菌,经查重并菌后选取其中45株具有代表性的菌株进行了16S r RNA基因序列分析和多样性研究。结果发现,它们共分布于变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)4个类群(分别占45株代表菌株的42.2%、20.0%、20.0%和17.8%),代表着6个纲、27个属、44个种;同时发现其中有8个潜在新种和1个潜在新属。本研究结果表明,俄罗斯库页岛潮间带沉积物可培养细菌的系统发育多样性非常高,大部分菌株与分离自日本和韩国近海的细菌物种在系统发育关系上高度同源,但也存在不少潜在的新物种。 相似文献
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比较了不同方法对厦门海区潮间带游动放线菌的分离效果和分析游动放线菌在不同材料中的种群数量分布。结果表明,在孢囊脱水－复水方法的基础上,采用重铬酸钾－放每菌酮－热处理－延长样品风干时间的联合方法,对样品污染细菌和霉菌有很好的抑制效果;海洋漂浮植物材料是游动放线菌的良好分离来源、数量超过１０＾２ＣＦＵ／ｇ干重;海洋潮间带植物材料的游动放线菌种属多样,但以链孢囊菌属为主,８０％的分离菌株具有抗菌活性。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2016,(2)
探究东太平洋多金属结核区沉积物中可培养放线菌与未可培养放线菌的多样性。分别采用选择性培养和非培养方法基于16SrDNA序列系统发育分析方法,对沉积物中放线菌多样性进行研究。选取2种培养基,选用稀释涂布平板法对东太平洋多金属结核区2个站位沉积物样品2~8cm进行分离培养;利用放线菌特异性引物对2个站位沉积物泥样总DNA进行16SrDNA序列扩增并构建16SrDNA文库。结果显示,东太平洋多金属结核区2个站位可培养的放线菌有7个科:Nocardioidaceae,Nocardiaceae,Streptomycetaceae,Dietziaceae,Micrococcaceae,Propionibacteriaceae,Intrasporaangiaceae,优势菌属分别为Rhodococcus,Arthrobacter和Nocardioides。未可培养放线菌有11个科:Micrococcaceae,Nocardioidaceae,Nocardiaceae,Bogoriellaceae,Streptomycetaceae,Microbacteriaceae,Dietziaceae,Propionibacteriaceae,Pseudonocardiaceae,Actinomycetaceae,Intrasporaangiaceae。结果表明,东太平洋多金属结核区沉积物中蕴藏着较为丰富的未知海洋放线菌资源,为开发新的活性代谢产物提供来源。 相似文献
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摘要:南极菲尔德斯半岛具有多种不同特征的生态地理微环境,如长城科考站、企鹅岛、生物湾与黄金湾流域、半岛南部、碧玉滩等。这些区域因水文地质、动植物分布、人类活动程度等不同而具有明显的生态地理差异。本研究从这些微环境海岸潮间带采集了7份代表性沉积物样品,采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序方法,对其细菌类群的多样性以及环境理化因子的影响进行了比较分析;同时采用常规可培养鉴定方法,对样品的分离菌株产酶状况进行了初步测定。结果表明：整体上看,所有样品的细菌类群主要分布在45门、104纲、442属当中,表现出比较高的多样性。其中,优势菌门Proteobacteria主要分布在半岛南部、碧玉滩和生物湾潮间带沉积物物中,优势菌门Bacteroidetes主要分布在企鹅岛两侧和黄金湾潮间带沉积物,长城站潮间带沉积物的优势门为Firmicutes。相似生态微环境的潮间带沉积物具有不同的优势菌门和纲;而不同生态微环境潮间带沉积物却具相同的优势菌门和纲。有机氮（TON）、NH4+-N、NO3--N、PO43--P、NO2--N含量与企鹅岛两侧、生物湾、黄金湾潮间带沉积物的菌群多样性具有相关性,其中TON对生物湾样品的影响最大,而有机碳（TOC）对所有样品的影响较小。分离菌株的产酶实验表明：在企鹅岛、生物湾、黄金湾等动物频繁出没的潮间带样品中,蕴藏着一批产淀粉酶、酪蛋白酶、脂肪酶、七叶苷酶、过氧化氢酶能力较强菌株,这为今后进一步的应用开发提供了宝贵的低温产酶菌株来源。
关键词: 菲尔德斯半岛; 潮间带沉积物; 细菌类群多样性; 产酶菌株 相似文献
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针对长江口10个站位样品,采用HM培养基和ZMCA培养基分离培养耐(嗜)盐菌,通过PCR方法获取156株细菌的16SrDNA序列。其中,由HM培养基分离获得136株菌株,可划分为33个分类单元(OUT),分属α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli)3个类群,其中γ-变形菌纲为优势耐(嗜)盐细菌;靠近海岸的站点M5-1,N6-2和M4-1耐(嗜)盐细菌均属于厚壁菌门,而远离海岸的站点耐(嗜)盐细菌均属于变形菌门。以ZMCA培养基分离获得的20株菌株分属α-变形菌纲和放线菌纲(Actinobacteria),可划分为10个OTU。由HM培养基分离获得的菌株中,70.5%属于耐盐菌,29.5%属于中度嗜盐菌;由ZMCA培养基分离获得的菌株均为耐盐菌。HM培养基分离得到的136株细菌的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐还原性分析表明,亚硝酸盐还原菌数量仅为硝酸盐还原菌的1/3左右。 相似文献
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青岛潮间带沉积物可培养厌氧细菌多样性的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了验证设计的简易厌氧培养方法,作者以青岛潮间带沉积物为研究对象,采用5种培养基,从青岛潮间带沉积物共分离获得138株厌氧细菌。16S r DNA序列分析表明,这些细菌分属3个门15个属32个种,其中γ-变形菌纲64株18个种,在种类上处于优势地位;此外还包括δ-变形菌纲(δ-Proteobacteria)16株2个种,ε-变形菌纲4株1个种,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)29株8个种,梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)25株3个种。在属水平上,弧菌属(Vibrio)、Marinifilum属、泥杆菌属(Ilyobacter)、脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)在数量上占优势。此外,有26株8种细菌(占总菌株数的18.84%)与已知菌的同源性介于89.38%~94.22%,为潜在的海洋细菌新科或新属,表明此简易厌氧菌培养方法在获得新菌方面具有较大优势。另外,研究结果还表明,不同培养基对特定的类群具有选择性:2216E培养基对γ-变形菌纲分离培养效率较高;SPG培养基在获得新菌方面具有优势(占新菌数62.5%),且这些新菌大多属于拟杆菌门和梭杆菌门,其中SPG-1培养基对于分离硫酸盐还原菌和难培养的ε-变形菌纲细菌具有优势,SPG-4培养基对分离硝酸盐还原菌具有优势。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(6)
东太平洋结核区位于东北太平洋,在深海海底含有丰富的多金属结核,而微生物在多金属结核的形成过程中发挥着重要的作用。本研究通过DY29航次获得了该区域多个实验样品,包括结核、结核覆盖的沉积物、无结核覆盖的沉积物和底层海水,并对这些样品进行了细菌的分离培养和活性检测。结果表明,东太平洋结核区拥有丰富的微生物资源,共分离保藏细菌1 200株,其中402株细菌完成16SrRNA基因测序,分属于4个门,65个属和135个种。4个门分别为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,占81.59%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,占8.21%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,占8.21%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,占1.99%);优势属为盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、亚硫酸盐杆菌属(Sulfitobacter)等。两种沉积物样品中可培养放线菌门和厚壁菌门的细菌丰度较高,结核中分离得到的细菌包含较高比例的α-变形菌纲,4种样品类型中γ-变形菌纲的细菌均占最大比例。对结核样品分离得到的细菌进行酶学性质检测发现具有过氧化氢酶及酯酶(吐温20和吐温40)活性的菌株所占比例较高,并首次筛选出一些未报道的具有锰氧化能力的菌株。综合以上结果,东太平洋结核区不同样品的可培养细菌多样性较高,微生物资源丰富,而具有锰氧化能力菌株的分离鉴定对研究深海多金属结核的形成及深海矿产资源的开发都具有重要的意义。 相似文献
11.
Tsunami, the natural disaster, which occurred on December 26, 2004 in the Indian Ocean, caused severe damage to mankind in the coastal areas. Total loss of life and economic loss because of this disaster have been estimated by various agencies but its effect on microbial density has not been probed. With our previous results on microbial populations in four locations of the Chennai coast of the Bay of Bengal, India in the pre‐tsunami period, the change in microbial populations was studied after the tsunami at regular intervals in the same locations. Coastal sediment and seawater samples were collected from four different locations after 5–10 h and thereafter at intervals of every 7 days up to 28 days post‐tsunami. Bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were isolated from the marine samples by serial dilution on respective media. Before the tsunami, the bacterial population was higher in seawater samples than the sediments, whereas fungi and actinomycetes were recorded only in the sediments. The microbial population remarkably increased 5–10 h post‐tsunami in all the marine samples irrespective of the location. However, it slowly declined in the subsequent days and became similar to that of the population recorded before the tsunami. The population of gram‐positive bacteria increased whereas the gram‐negative bacterial population decreased after the tsunami. Further, populations of pathogenic bacteria such as coliform and vibrios did not increase after the tsunami. It has been observed that the increase in populations of bacteria and actinomycetes even after 28 days of tsunami may be due to the introduction of foreign microorganisms that developed the ability to survive in the extreme environment by exhibiting special characteristics such as pigmentation and production of exopolysaccharides. 相似文献
12.
Antonella Penna Maria Grazia Giacobbe Nunzio Penna Francesca Andreoni Mauro Magnani 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(S1):320-328
Abstract. High-biomass blooms of A. taylori Balech have recently been spreading over new Mediterranean areas, with evident adverse effects on the marine ecosystem. In 1999–2000, a new Mediterranean locality was affected by blooms of A. taylori: the West Bay of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Tyrrhenian Sea), with maximum cell densities of 1.2 × 107 cells 1−1 in August 1999 and 4.0 × 106 cells 1−1 in August 2000 observed together with yellowish water discoloration. The seawater samples contained high concentrations of nutrients as DIN (Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen), especially NH3 -N with values of 14.4 μM and TOT-P (Total Phosphorus) with values of 3.2 μM due to the anthropic presence and discharge of untreated sewage. The climatic conditions also seem to influence the occurrence and spreading of the A. taylori blooms in the Vulcano Bay. Clonal cultures of A. taylori , established from Italian and Spanish seawater samples, were used for the sequence analyses of the 5.8S rDNA gene and ITS regions in order to study the genetic variability of different geographical populations of Alexandrium species in the Mediterranean area and to further develop the molecular markers for HAB key-species. 相似文献
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Isolation and phylogenetic assignation of actinomycetes in the marine sediments from the Arctic Ocean 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Actinomycetes in five marine sediments collected from the Arctic Ocean at depths of 43 to 3 050 m were cultivated using a variety of media. A total of 61 actinomycete colonies with substrate mycelia only were observed, and no colonies with aerial mycelia were observed under aerobic conditions at 15 ℃. From these colonies, 28 were selected to represent different morphological types.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to check the purity of isolates and select representatives for subsequent sequencing. Phylogentic analyses based on nearly full-length 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) sequences indicated that the actinomycetes isolated were accommodated within genus Rhodococcus of family Nocardiaceae, genus Dietzia of family Dietziaceae,genera Janibacter and Terrabacter of family Instrasporangiaceae and genera Kocuria and Arthrobacter of family Micrococcaceae. One of the strains (P27-24) from the deep-sea sediment at depth of 3 050 m was found to be identical in 16S rDNA sequence(1474/1474)with the radiation-resistant Kocuria rosea ATCC 187T isolated from air. More than halfofthe isolates showed the similarities ranging from 99.5% to 99.9% in 16S rDNA sequence to dibenzofran-degrading, butyl 2-ethylhexanoate-hydrolysising and nitrile-metabolizing actinomycetes. All the strains isolated were psychrotolerant bacteria and grew better on the media prepared with natural seawater than on the media prepared with deionized water. Three of them (Dietzia sp. P27-10, Rhodococcus sp. S11-3 and Rhodococcus sp.P11-5)had an obligate growth requirement for salt, confirming that these strains are indigenous marine actinomycetes. 相似文献
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Horizontal and vertical distributions of mercury were determined in seawater in Minamata Bay and Yatsushiro Sea. The concentrations of total and particulate mercury respectively ranged from 56–285 ng l–1 and 2.1–506 ng l–1. They were both highest in the inner most part of Minamata Bay where the sediment was most heavily polluted, and decreased with increasing distance from there. Vertically, an evident increase in concentration was observed near the bottom. A good agreement was found between the mercury content in suspended matter and that in fine sediment particles.These facts show that the particulate mercury is supplied mostly from the bottom sediment, and that it is spreading offshore with dispersing in seawater. This process would eventually result in the pollution of sediment in Yatsushiro Sea. 相似文献
15.
为研究七连屿海洋环境质量状况,于2017年8月在七连屿海域布设20个采样站位,共采集到22个表层海水样品及6个表层沉积物样品,通过原子吸收分光光度计及原子荧光分光光度计测定海水及沉积物中重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg)的含量,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法及相关性分析对水质重金属污染程度进行研究,并采用单因子评价法及Hankanson潜在生态风险指数法分别对沉积物质量及沉积物中重金属潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明,2017年七连屿海域表层海水重金属含量CZn>CPb>CAs>CCr>CCu>CCd>CHg,部分站位海水铅含量超一类海水水质标准,但是综合污染指数小于1,该调查海域表层海水属于清洁型;海水中Zn-As、Cr-Cd含量之间存在显著负相关关系,此两组元素存在明显异源性;该调查海域表层沉积物重金属含量均符合第一类海洋沉积物质量标准,沉积物重金属对海洋生态系统仅存在轻微生态风险。 相似文献
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为了探讨广东雷州珍稀海洋生物国家级自然保护区海域水体和沉积物中石油类的含量及其分布特征,文章于2017年和2018年分别对保护区海域的石油类进行了调查。结果表明,保护区表层水体石油类含量为0.003~0.066mg/L,平均含量为0.015mg/L,平均污染指数为0.30,保护区水体中的石油类基本符合一类海水水质标准。保护区表层沉积物中石油类含量为3.0~54.8mg/kg,平均值为11.109mg/kg,符合海洋沉积物第一类质量标准。保护区水体和沉积物中石油类含量的变化规律基本相似,但是沉积物中石油类含量的变化更大。根据调查数据分析,保护区水体中石油类的主要来源是保护区社区小型渔船航行排放的石油类,以及保护区周边渔船在航行过程排放的石油类扩散到保护区海域。 相似文献
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东太平洋海洋微生物种群多样性初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以东太平洋海洋微生物群落为研究对象,用稀释平板分离法,从海水中分离得到67株细菌。在形态观察的基础上选取48株进行培养,然后进行16S rDNA基因扩增,并用限制性内切酶RsaI和MspI对PCR产物进行ARDRA(Amplified rDNA restriction analysis)多态性分析,共得到10种不同的操作分类单元(Operational Taxonomic Unit,OTU)。其中OTU4和OTU10所包含的菌株分别占总分离物的35.4%和18.8%,为优势分离菌。优势分离菌的ERIC-PCR基因组指纹图分析表明,前者的17株分离物共有10种不同的指纹图类型,而后者的9株分离物有3种。结果显示,东太平洋海域的海水和底质沉积物具有明显的微生物种群多样性特征。 相似文献