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1.
李洁  徐奎栋 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(3):612-625
大型水母沙海蜇旺发已成为黄海夏季的一个常见的生态现象。然而,沙海蜇旺发与微小型浮游动物尤其是纤毛虫的相互作用关系依然不明。本研究基于2013年6月(水母旺发初期)、8月和9月(水母旺发期)三个航次的调查,对黄海水母高发的I(33°N)、G(34°N)、E(35°N)断面的表层微小型浮游动物的丰度及生物量分布变化与水母发生关系进行探讨。微型鞭毛虫丰度6月平均丰度和生物量分别为357ind./m L和3.92μg C/L,至8月降为145ind./m L和2.55μg C/L,9月回升至160ind./m L和2.84μg C/L。共鉴定纤毛虫31属64种,三个月份纤毛虫的种类组成差别不大。纤毛虫6月的平均丰度和生物量分别为2282ind./L和8.93μg C/L,至8月降为933ind./L和3.92μg C/L,9月回升至2319ind./L和6.55μg C/L。与丰度和生物量的较大变化不同,纤毛虫6月的平均生产力为12.74μg C/(L·d),8月降至7.39μg C/(L·d),9月略增至7.79μg C/(L·d)。桡足类无节幼体仅见于6月(10.59ind./L)和8月(8ind./L),在沙海蜇旺发的8月其平均生物量(0.08μg C/L)和生产力(0.032μg C/(L·d))远低于纤毛虫。本研究表明,在南黄海水母发生过程中,纤毛虫在微小型浮游动物的生物量和生产力中占据了主导地位,并受到水母旺发的直接和间接(级联效应)影响。  相似文献   

2.
管水母是海洋浮游动物中的重要类群,通常可作为海流或水团的指示种,其分布受温度、盐度和食物的影响。本文根据2011年4月在东印度洋海域(5°S~5°N,80°~98.5°E)26个站的调查资料,分析了管水母种类组成、丰度分布和群落结构特征。共鉴定管水母37种,以热带大洋广布种和赤道种为主,其中扭形爪室水母Chelophyes contorta、巴斯水母Bassia bassensis、双小水母Nanomia bijuga和短深杯水母Abylopsis eschscholtzi是调查海域的优势种。依据调查站位设置及环境特征,将调查海域分东部断面、赤道断面和西部断面3个区域。各个调查站种数变化范围为2~14种,东部和西部断面的种类较丰富,而赤道断面近岸区种数低,离岸区种数增多。管水母的平均丰度为(1.04±0.58)个/m3,分布不均匀,东部断面和西部断面的丰度比赤道断面高,特别是赤道断面近岸区丰度在1.0个/m3以下。调查海区的管水母属于比较典型的热带大洋性生态类群。群落结构分析表明,东部和西部断面的群落结构相似度较高,二者与赤道断面的相似度均较低。调查海域管水母种类和丰度的分布受水文和生物环境因子的综合影响。双小水母Nanomia bijuga可作为东部断面和赤道断面近岸区沿岸水团的指示种,锥体浅室水母Lensia conoides和褶玫瑰水母Rosacea plicata可作为西部断面100m以下涌升水团的指示种。  相似文献   

3.
黄海底栖纤毛虫的群落结构与时空变化   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
采用密度梯度离心结合定量蛋白银染色(Ludox-QPS)方法,对2010年7月和11月获自黄海海域沉积物中的底栖纤毛虫进行了群落结构研究,并结合环境因子进行了分析。结果表明:7月浒苔暴发期间,纤毛虫现存量以北黄海、南黄海近岸和长江口外海域较高,南黄海离岸站位较低;11月的纤毛虫丰度和生物量均明显高于7月,南黄海近岸站位的丰度和生物量较高,且向外海随水深增大呈减少的趋势。11月丰度和生物量前三位的类群与7月一致,前口类丰度所占比例最高,核残迹类生物量所占比例最高。肉食性纤毛虫均是两个月份的最优势摄食类群。11月纤毛虫的物种数、Margalef指数和香农-威纳指数均高于7月,且均以南黄海近岸海域较高,而离岸海域较低;纤毛虫丰度、生物量、物种数、Margalef和香农-威纳指数与底层水温度和沉积物中值粒径呈显著正相关。冷水团对底栖纤毛虫群落结构和分布有一定的影响,且是多个环境因子的共同影响。两个月份纤毛虫群落间的Jaccard相似系数值高于单个月份南北黄海和冷水团内外的系数值,表明黄海底栖纤毛虫的物种组成在季节间的差异可能小于不同海域之间的差异。7月南黄海近岸较高的纤毛虫现存量和多样性表明,浒苔的死亡和降解可能通过级联效应促进了近岸站位纤毛虫的生长。  相似文献   

4.
冬季和夏季南海北部浮游纤毛虫的分布特点   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
本文报道2009年冬季和夏季南海北部浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量的水平分布和垂直分布特点。冬季和夏季纤毛虫的平均丰度分别为(486±484)ind/L和(809±1008)ind/L;平均生物量分别为(2.84±3.26)μg C/L和(1.96±3.80)μg C/L。冬季和夏季纤毛虫丰度和生物量的水平分布特点一致,呈现由近岸向远岸降低的趋势,珠江口外断面的水体平均纤毛虫丰度和生物量均明显高于海南岛东部断面,该趋势在夏季表现得更为突出。冬季和夏季纤毛虫丰度和生物量的垂直分布特点不同,冬季纤毛虫丰度和生物量在水体的次表层较高;夏季纤毛虫丰度和生物量总体上在表层或中层出现高值。夏季在珠江口外断面远岸150m水深处有一个纤毛虫丰度和生物量的高值区,这个现象在以往的研究中没有发现过。冬季砂壳纤毛虫很少检出,夏季共鉴定出砂壳纤毛虫14属22种,冬季和夏季砂壳纤毛虫丰度占纤毛虫丰度的比例分别为1.7%和22.6%。  相似文献   

5.
于2012年11月18日至12月21日,在黄、东海沿从南向北(26~36°N)一个断面24个站采样调查了表层(4 m)砂壳纤毛虫群落。共发现砂壳纤毛虫17属,32种。各站砂壳纤毛虫种丰富度为2~15种,砂壳纤毛虫总丰度为2 478~88 550个/m3。整个断面优势种为筒状拟铃虫、白领细壳虫、小领细壳虫和钝囊坎虫。巴西拟铃虫仅出现在青岛近岸(24号站),但丰度很高(10 960个/m3)。砂壳纤毛虫种类多样性从南向北降低,从近岸向远岸增加,黏着壳的比例在近岸水浅处较多,在水深大于50 m的站位,透明壳所占比例大大增加。不同种类的砂壳纤毛虫有着不同的分布区域,根据分布区域的不同,可分为南方种,北方种和广布种等。聚类分析结果显示,调查区的砂壳纤毛虫可以分为3个群落。  相似文献   

6.
报道了2009年夏季北部湾A、B两个断面浮游纤毛虫的丰度和生物量。纤毛虫的平均丰度为521±369个·L-1,平均生物量(以碳为单位)为0.63±0.54μg·L-1。表层纤毛虫丰度和生物量的水平分布格局基本一致,高值主要位于湾的北部近岸、西南部近岸及湾中部A5站。两个断面纤毛虫丰度和生物量的垂直分布特点不同,纤毛虫在A断面水体中的垂直分布较均匀,在B断面主要分布在15m层以浅。共鉴定出砂壳纤毛虫13属20种,其中较为优势的种类为原始筒壳虫Tintinnidium primitivum、薄壳真铃虫Eutintinnus tenuis、三亚条纹虫Rhabdonella sanyahensis、未定种砂壳纤毛虫和斯氏拟铃虫Tintinnopsis schotti,且表现出不同的水平分布和垂直分布规律。  相似文献   

7.
夏季青岛近海浮游动物种类组成、群落结构及多样性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
2006年7月在青岛近海海域(35°19′~36°35′N, 119°50′~121°33′E)进行浮游动物采样调查,研究了青岛近海浮游动物的种类组成、群落结构及多样性.调查共鉴定浮游动物48种,浮游幼虫18类.种类数的平面分布为灵山湾、琅琊台湾附近海区较多,其他海区较少.优势种类有中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)、拟长脚虫戎(Parathemisto gaudichaudi)、长尾类幼虫(Macrura larvae)和短尾类幼虫(Brachyura larvae).调查海区近岸暖温类群、近岸暖水类群、近岸低盐类群、温带外海类群四种生态类群共存,但以近岸暖温类群为主.浮游动物丰度、生物量的水平分布趋势与表层温度、盐度的水平分布趋势相似,都从调查海区的外海区向近岸逐渐降低;Shannon-weiner多样性指数与Pielou均匀度指数水平分布趋势与表层温度、盐度相反,从青岛近岸向调查海区外海逐渐降低.与该区域1959年同月份的调查数据相比,浮游动物主要种类组成、丰度、生物量差别不大,主要种类中华哲水蚤丰度有较大的增加.  相似文献   

8.
北黄海海樽类的种类组成和分布特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为研究北黄海海樽类的群落特征,根据2006—2007年北黄海(36.95°N~39.66°N,120.95°E~124.02°E)海域4个季节的海洋调查资料,分析了北黄海海樽类的种类组成、数量变化、分布特征及其与环境的关系。结果显示:北黄海共记录到浮游海樽类4种,其中春季1种,夏季3种,秋季1种,冬季在北黄海未记录到海樽类。梭形纽鳃樽(Salpafusiformis)在春季和夏季两个季节都有出现,分布区主要位于黄海中部,且夏季大于春季,两季节的平均丰度分别为5.2和2.5ind/m3。贝环纽鳃樽(Cyclosalpa bakeri)仅在夏季出现,分布在黄海冷水团区,平均丰度仅为0.1ind/m3。软拟海樽(Dolioetta gegenbauri)仅在夏季1个站位出现,丰度仅为0.2ind/m3。暖水种小齿海樽(Doliolum denticulatum)是秋季北黄海唯一记录到的海樽类,分布几乎遍及整个研究水域,并具有很高的丰度,平均丰度为34.4ind/m3。典型的暖水种小齿海樽在北黄海的大量出现并成为浮游动物的优势种可能是温带水域的海洋生态系统对全球变暖的响应信号。  相似文献   

9.
采用Ludox-QPS方法,研究了2011年8月采自长江口邻近海域9个站位沉积物中纤毛虫的群落结构及分布特点,并结合沉积环境进行综合分析。结果表明,表层8cm沉积物中底栖纤毛虫的平均丰度为(2782±1493)cells/10cm2,生物量为(10.06±6.41)μgC/10cm2。长江口海域北部站位的丰度和生物量呈从近岸向外海增加,南部的站位呈现相反的分布趋势。在垂直分布上, 62%的底栖纤毛虫分布在表层2cm, 12%分布在5—8 cm。本研究共检获纤毛虫106种,隶属于15纲/亚纲, 24目, 69属,前口纲在丰度及生物量上均为最优势类群(丰度占45.5%,生物量占56.4%),核残迹纲在生物量上居第二位。就食性来看,肉食性纤毛虫物种数最多(44种),其丰度和生物量所占比例也最高(40.3%,66.8%),但在长江口外站位(M1站),菌食性纤毛虫为最优势摄食类群。分析表明,研究海域底栖纤毛虫群落结构与底层水盐度最相关。聚类分析结果显示,由于较多量的伪钟虫属(Pseudovorticella)和原领毛虫属(Prototrachelocerca)种类出现导致长江口北部L1站的纤毛虫群落结构不同于其他站位。本研究所获底栖纤毛虫的丰度和生物量较东海离岸海域已有研究结果均高,表层8cm沉积物中纤毛虫的丰度约是上层30m水柱中浮游纤毛虫的116倍,生物量约是后者的150倍。基于目前黄东海有关底栖纤毛虫物种多样性的已有报道,其多样性在长江口离岸海域高于近岸潮间带,且在离岸海域东海低于黄海。  相似文献   

10.
研究北黄海北部近岸海域浮游植物群落结构季节变化及其与环境因子之间的关系。2008年5月(春季)-2009年2月(冬季)在北黄海北部近岸海域(39.5°~39.8°N、123.0°~123.45°E)进行4个季节海上浮游植物调查,共鉴定出浮游植物80种,4季共有种类10种。调查海域优势种类较多,优势种类季节变化明显,夜光藻(Noctiluca scientillans)、伏氏海线藻(Thalassionema frauenfeldii)和丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus)分别是季节第一优势种。全年浮游植物细胞丰度平均为54279.3×104/m3,呈现典型的交叉双峰模式,夏冬季明显高于春秋季,春季是细胞丰度最小的季节。多样性指数H′均值为2.4941,表现为秋季冬季春季夏季;均匀度指数均值为0.640 8,表现为秋季春季冬季夏季。营养盐结构分析显示春夏季表现为潜在P限制,秋冬季表现为潜在N限制,N:P是决定优势群落种类的关键因素之一。冗余分析(RDA)分析结果表明,盐度(S)、悬浮物(SS)、磷酸盐(DIP)和无机氮(DIN)是影响浮游植物种类组成和丰度的关键环境因子。  相似文献   

11.
张翠霞  张武昌  赵楠  肖天 《海洋学报》2011,33(1):127-137
于2006年11月19日至12月23日(秋季)和2007年2月22日至3月11日(冬季)在东海陆架区(25°-33°N,12°-127°30'E)的6个断面(E1-E6)调查分析了浮游生活的寡毛目纤毛虫的生态分布特点.结果表明:秋季纤毛虫丰度为0~1 795个/dm<'3>,生物量(C)为0~2.36 μg/dm<'3...  相似文献   

12.
桑沟湾浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量分布的季节变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
于2011年4、8、10月及2012年1月对桑沟湾进行了浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量的季节调查。纤毛虫的平均丰度为(7 552±10 979)个/L,范围为408~61 667个/L;纤毛虫的平均生物量(以碳计)为(4.79±5.77)μg/L,范围为0.35~33.09 μg/L。无壳纤毛虫丰度和生物量主要分布在湾内,湾中和湾外丰度相对较低;砂壳纤毛虫丰度和生物量在盐度较高的海区总体较高,呈现朝向外海分布的趋势。纤毛虫丰度和生物量的高值区春季主要出现在湾的西北,夏季向湾中部迁移,秋季主要出现在湾的西南,冬季主要出现在湾的西部,高值区随季节大致呈顺时针迁移的趋势。纤毛虫的丰度春季最高,冬季最低;生物量夏季最高,冬季最低。无壳纤毛虫夏季粒级较大,冬季粒级较小;砂壳纤毛虫壳的平均口径夏季较大,秋季较小。共鉴定出砂壳纤毛虫8属27种,其中拟铃虫属(Tintinnopsis)种数最多。砂壳纤毛虫在纤毛虫总丰度中的比例平均为16.3%±21.9%,夏季最高(36.3%±27.8%),冬季最低(4.9%±5.9%)。纤毛虫丰度与温度、盐度、Chl a浓度及微微型真核浮游生物丰度均没有明显的相关性,但与蓝细菌及异养细菌丰度呈显著的正相关关系。  相似文献   

13.
The distribution of ciliate plankton was compared between inner and outer areas of a harbor divided by an artificial breakwater in Kuryongpo, on the eastern coast of Korea, from February 2001 to October 2003. Less dissolved oxygen and higher concentrations of nitrogenous nutrients and phosphate were observed in the inner area. The abundance of oligotrich ciliates peaked in February 2001, when nanoflagellates bloomed in the inner area. The photosynthetic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum showed differing population dynamics annually, with blooming peaks in October 2001 in the inner area and in February 2003 in the outer area. The tintinnid species Tintinnopsis beroidea and Helicostomella subulata were generally more abundant in the outer area. Total ciliates were significantly related to oligotrich abundance in the inner area, and to tintinnid abundances in the outer area. Ciliate distribution showed quantitative and qualitative differences between the inner and outer areas in connection with the distribution of other plankton communities: oligotrich ciliate abundance increased with nanoflagellate blooms; dominance of M. rubrum was consistent with blooming of micro-sized phytoplankton (diatoms and dinoflagellates); large-sized tintinnids concurred with small dinoflagellates; and ciliate abundances decreased with mesozooplankton increases. The results indicate that the breakwater induces eutrophication in the inner area and provides suitable conditions for nanoflagellate blooms, which serially trigger opportunistic increases in oligotrich ciliates.  相似文献   

14.
In order to investigate the parameters controlling the heterotrophic protists (nano-microzooplankton) on the continental shelf of the southern Bay of Biscay, plankton communities and their physico-chemical environment were studied 4 times in February, April, June and September–October 2004 at three stations in the euphotic zone in the Bay of Biscay. The abundance and carbon biomass of heterotrophic protists (ciliates, heterotrophic dinoflagellates and nanoflagellates) as well as all the others groups of plankton (picoplankton, nanophytoplankton, diatoms, autotrophic dinoflagellates, metazoan microzooplankton and mesozooplankton), the environmental parameters and the primary and bacteria production were evaluated at each sampling period. Microzooplankton grazing experiments were undertaken at the same time. Ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates accounted for the main major component of nano- and microzooplankton communities in term of biomass. The total carbon biomass of heterotrophic protists was highest in spring and lowest at the end of summer. The development of heterotrophic protists started after a winter microphytoplankton bloom (principally large diatoms), the biomass was lower in June and was low in September (through inappropriate prey). The carbon requirement of microzooplankton ranged from 50 to more than 100% of daily primary, bacterial and nanoflagellate production. The heterotrophic protist community was predominantly constrained by bottom-up control in spring and at the end of summer via food availability and quality.  相似文献   

15.
春、秋季南黄海浮游纤毛虫丰度及生物量的分布差异   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Seasonal variation of marine plankton spatial distribution is important in understanding the biological processes in the ocean.In this study,we studied spatial distribution of planktonic ciliate abundance and biomass in the central deep area(station depth greater than 60 m) and the coastal shallow area(station depth less than 60 m) of the southern Yellow Sea(32°–36.5°N,121°–125°E) in spring(April) and autumn(October–November) of 2006.Our results showed that both ciliate abundance and biomass in the surface waters were higher in spring((1 490±2 336)ind./L;(4.11±7.81) μg/L) than in autumn((972±823) ind./L;(1.11±1.18) μg/L,calculated by carbon).Ciliate abundance and biomass in the surface waters of the coastal shallow area were similar in spring and autumn.However,in the central deep area,those values were much higher in spring((1 878±2 893) ind./L;(5.99±10.10)μg/L) than in autumn((738±373) ind./L;(0.74±0.76) μg/L).High values of ciliate abundance and biomass occurred in the central deep area in spring and in the coastal shallow area in autumn.Mixotrophic ciliate Laboea strobila was abundant in the central deep area in spring,when a phytoplankton bloom occurred.However,in autumn,L.strobila was abundant in the coastal shallow area.Boreal tintinnid Ptychocyli obtusa was found in spring.Both L.strobila and P.obtusa were concentrated in the surface waters when their abundance was more than 1 000 ind./L.Peaks of these species were in the subsurface waters when their abundance was less than 400 ind./L.This study showed that both high abundance and biomass of ciliates occurred in different areas in southern Yellow Sea seasonally.  相似文献   

16.
The abundance and variability of planktonic ciliates in the open subarctic Pacific were determined during four month-long cruises in 1987 and 1988. The ciliate community, numerically dominated by relatively small aloricate choreotrichs, was comparable in abundance to communities in a range of oceanic and neritic environments, including waters with much higher average chlorophyll concentrations. Integrated (0–80m) ciliate biomass was typically 100–200mgC m−2, although 3- to 4-fold higher levels were observed on two occasions in spring. Ciliate community biomass, in general, was dominated by large (>20μm width) individuals, although in August 1988 the biomass of smaller cells was as great or greater. The estimated grazing impact of the ciliate community averaged 20% of the primary production. On one instance in May 1988, however, a large biomass of ciliates led to an estimated grazing impact equivalent to 55% of phytoplankton production. While ciliates may be major phytoplankton grazers during sporadic ciliate “blooms”, dino- and other heterotrophic flagellates, which make up the bulk of microheterotroph biomass, must normally be of equal or greater importance as herbivores in this ocean region.  相似文献   

17.
福建宁德晴川湾海域水母群落特征及其潜在生态风险分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
根据2018年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、7月(夏季)和11月(秋季)在宁德晴川湾海域浮游动物调查的4个航次数据,分析该海域水母群落结构和季节变化特征,讨论了水母对宁德晴川湾核电站安全生产潜在的风险。结果表明:宁德晴川湾海域水母类种类组成、丰度分布和优势种演替均存在季节变化,春、夏、秋、冬该海域水母种数分别为7种、16种、9种和3种,丰度均值分别为(45.48±8.24)个/m3、(50.26±12.13)个/m3、(3.68±1.91)个/m3和(0.18±0.07)个/m3,首要优势种分别为印度感棒水母(Laodicea indica)、球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)、双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis)和耳状囊水母(Euphysa aurata),优势种类组成季节演替明显。春季和夏季水母的丰度与浮游动物的总丰度呈极显著相关,在夏季其数量与浮游动物中的桡足类数量呈显著相关(p<0.05,R=0.363),秋季和冬季水母群落的丰度主要受盐度的影响。秋、冬季该海域盐度、温度均较低,水母的丰度也较低。根据宁德晴川湾核电站附近海域水母分布特征,以水母丰度50 个/m3为风险阈值考虑,夏季为潜在高风险季节,需重点关注距核电站冷源取水口5~20 km海域;其次是春季,重点关注距取水口2.5~5 km海域;秋季和冬季基本不会因水母而引起核电站冷源安全事故发生。  相似文献   

18.
The summer distributions of planktonic microbial communities (heterotrophic and phtosynthetic bacteria, phtosynthetic and heterotrophic nanoflagellates, ciliate plankton, and microphytoplankton) were compared between inner and outer areas of Lake Sihwa, divided by an artificial breakwater, located on the western coast of Korea, in September 2003. The semienclosed, inner area was characterized by hyposaline surface water (<17 psu), and by low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (avg. 0.4 mg L1) and high concentrations of inorganic nutrients (nitrogenous nutrients >36 μM, phosphate <4 μM) in the bottom layer. Higher densities of heterotrophic bacteria and nanoflagellates also occurred in the inner area than did in the outer area, while microphytoplankton (mainly diatoms) occurred abundantly in the outer area. A tiny tintinnid ciliate, Tintinnopsis nana, bloomed into more than 106 cells L1 at the surface layer of the inner area, while its abundance was much lower (103-104 cells L1) in the outer area of the breakwater. Ciliate abundance was highly correlated with heterotrophic bacteria (r = 0.886, p < 0.001) and heterotrophic flagellates (r = 0.962, p < 0.001), indicating that rich food availability may have led to theT. nana bloom. These results suggest that the breakwater causes the eutrophic environment in artificial lakes with limited flushing of enriched water and develops into abundant bacteria, nanoflagellates, and ciliates.  相似文献   

19.
To investigate the seasonal variation and community structure of nano- and microzooplankton in Gyeonggi Bay of the Yellow Sea, the abundance and carbon biomass of nano- and microzooplankton were evaluated at 10-day intervals from January 1997 to December 1999. Four major groups of nano- and microzooplankton communities were classified: heterotrophic ciliates, heterotrophic dinoflagellates (HDF), heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF), and copepod nauplii. The total carbon biomass of nano- and microzooplankton ranged from 10.2 to 168.8 μg C L−1 and was highest during or after phytoplankton blooms. Nano- and microzooplankton communities were composed of heterotrophic ciliates (7.4–81.4%; average 41.7% of total biomass), HDF (0.1–70.3%; average 26.1% of total biomass), copepod nauplii (1.6–70.6%; average 20.7% of total biomass), and HNF (0.8–59.5%; average 11.5% of total biomass). The relative contribution of individual components in the nano- and microzooplankton communities appeared to differ by seasons. Ciliates accounted for the most major component of nano- and microzooplankton communities, except during summer and phytoplankton blooming seasons, whereas HDF were more dominant during the phytoplankton blooming seasons. The abundance and biomass of nano- and microzooplankton generally followed the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton. The size and community distribution of nano- and microzooplankton was positively correlated with size-fractionated phytoplankton. The carbon requirement of microzooplankton ranged from 60 to 83% of daily primary production, and was relatively high when phytoplankton biomass was high. Therefore, our result suggests that the seasonal variation in the community and size composition of nano- and microzooplankton appears to be primarily governed by phytoplankton size and concentration as a food source, and their abundance may greatly affect trophic dynamics by controlling the seasonal abundance of phytoplankton.  相似文献   

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