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1.
利用从珠江莲花山河段采集的淡水和大洋海水经过滤后，按不同盐度混合，模拟河口咸淡水交汇区重金属在水中各微粒级的分配特征。实验结果表明，在各种盐度条件下，Ｆｅ，Ａｌ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ和Ｃｄ主要以粒径＞１．０μｍ和＜０．２２μｍ的微粒存在于水中。在加入Ｆｅ（３＋），Ａｌ（３＋）模拟实验中，重金属绝大部分含量形成粒径＞１．０μｍ的微粒，其中Ｆｅ达９９％以上，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ约９５％，Ａｌ约有７０％－９０％，Ｃｄ约４０％，其余部分主要以＜０．２２μｍ微粒存在。加入与未加入Ｆｅ（３＋），Ａｌ（３＋）的实验比较，Ｆｅ（３＋），Ａｌ（３＋）的加入对水中Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ和Ｃｄ含量向大微粒聚集有很大影响，使其聚集在粒径＞１．０μｍ微粒的量增加３０％－４０％。另外从实验结果和理论分析可知，水的盐度与重金属在位径＜１．０μｍ微粒中的含量分布无明显关系，但咸水中大量离子将对河水中胶体絮凝和微粒增长有重大影响。 相似文献
2.
台湾海峡海拔１９８３－１９８８年多次调查资料表明，该海域夏季表现耗氧量（ＡＯＵ）变化幅度较大，其分布特征呈近岸，底层高，向上层，外海递减，诸上升流是其主要控制因素，各上升流区ＡＯＵ与温度，盐度，诸营养盐呈显著相关关系。ＰＯ４／ＡＯＵ与ＮＯ３／ＡＯＵ比值平均分别为０．００５８和０．０７６。上升流海域夏季初始营养盐（ＰＯ４ｐｒｅ和（ＮＯ３ｐｒｅ较低，而再生营养盐高，是现场营养盐的主要部分，有机物质分解 相似文献
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分析几种低频线谱参数估计方法的优点与不足，结合舰艇噪声低频线谱所具有的特点，应用数字滤波一相关谱估计（ＤＦ—Ｃ）和自回归移动平均（ＡＲＭＡ）模型相结合的方法（ＤＦ—ＡＲＭＡ）对低频线谱作估计，所得线谱的强度和频率估计值准确度较高。 相似文献
4.
九龙江河口区溶解态、颗粒态铀同位素的地球化学行为 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对九龙江河口区枯、丰水期水体中溶解态、颗粒态铀同位素地球化学行为的研究表明,溶解态铀与盐度存在良好的正相关关系,证实枯、丰水期该河口区水体中的铀均是保守行为。在低盐度区域（Ｓ＜１０）,~２３８Ｕ主要以颗粒态形式存在,颗粒态~２３８Ｕ所占份额随盐度增加而降低。~（２３８）Ｕ之条件分配系数介于 １． ２ × １０~３～１． ５ ×１０~５ｄｍ~３／ｋｇ之间,它与盐度呈负相关关系,但与悬浮颗粒物浓度无相关关系存在。枯水期悬浮颗粒物上~２３４Ｕ／~２３８Ｕ_Ａ．Ｒ．与盐度的负相关关系为河口区悬浮颗粒物中~２３４Ｕ的优先沥取理论提供了有力的证据。 相似文献
5.
从野外采集鹧鸪Ｃａｌｏｇｌｏｓｓａ ｌｅｐｒｉｅｕｒｉｉ （Ｍｏｎｔ．）Ｊ．Ａｇ．幼体，在室内控制条件下，以温，盐，光等不同条件进行模拟培养试验。所获得的数据经生物统计检验表明：鹧鸪菜幼体生长最适水温为２３℃；光照强度为４０００ｌｘ；海水盐度为１８。此结果与我们多年来在汕头港内观察鹧鸪菜的生长及其季节变化相似。 相似文献
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7.
冲绳海槽晚更新世以来环境演变的矿物-地球化学记录 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
国家自然科学基金资助项目（Ｎｏ．４９６７６２９０,１９９７～１９９９）“冲绳海槽晚更新世以来环境演变的矿物 地球化学记录” ,根据表层和柱状样品的成因矿物学和地球化学研究 ,重建了冲绳海槽中部自晚更新世以来的环境演变历史。沉积物的ＴｉＯ２ （ＴＦｅ２Ｏ３ ＭｇＯ）,Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ （ＴＦｅ２Ｏ３ （ＴＦｅ２Ｏ３ ＭｇＯ）,Ａｌ／（Ａｌ Ｍｎ Ｆｅ）,Ｌａ／Ｙｂ ＲＥＥ,ＬＲＥＥ／ＨＲＥＥ（平均８．６９） ,δＥｕ（平均０．６０）和轻稀土型配分类型特征判明为活动大陆边缘 大陆岛弧型沉积环境 ,沉积物具有典型… 相似文献
8.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1996,(2)
石油地质学家戴春山研究员简介ＢＲＩＥＦＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＰＲＯＦ．ＤＡＩＣＨＵＮＳＨＡＮ，ＡＰＥＴＲＯＬＥＵＭＧＥＯＬＯＧＩＳＴ戴春山研究员，１９６６年毕业于山东海洋学院海洋地质系，先后参加了渤海湾盆地、塔里木盆地和中国海域的油气勘探科研生... 相似文献
9.
ＡｑｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｔｈｅＥｇｙｐｔｉａｎＭｅｄｉｔｅｒｒａｎｅａｎｗａｔｅｒｓ￥Ｍ．Ａ．ＳａｉｄａｎｄＦ．Ｍ．Ｅｉｄ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ２１，１９９３１ａｃｃｆｅｐｔｅｄＪａｎｕａｒｙ１５，１９９４）Ａｂｓ... 相似文献
10.
研究海脉冲营养素“ＨＭＣ”对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明：小鼠口服ＨＭＣ３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ，连续７～１０ｄ，可增加小鼠免疫器官的重量（Ｐ＜０．０５）；提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数（Ｐ＜０．０１）；促进ＰＨＡ刺激的淋巴细胞转化反应（Ｐ＜０．０１）和提高ＡＮＡＥ＋淋巴细胞百分率（Ｐ＜０．０５）；对小鼠血清溶血素和ＰＦＣ数目的生成无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５），对ＨＰＡ和ＣＴＸ引起的免疫抑制有拮抗作用。提示：ＨＭＣ是一种有效的免疫调节剂。 相似文献
11.
The problems associated with the erosion of cohesive sediment in the marine environment are well recognized. However, the mechanisms of controlling erosion are not well understood. The research to be presented was directed at characterizing the erosion resistance of cohesive sediment through the application of rate process and double layer theories. Additionally, relationships between erodability and temperature, salinity, pore water content and erosional shear stress were studied.A total of 50 tests were conducted in a refrigerated water tunnel. These included tests in which temperature was incremented at constant erosional shear stress and tests within which the erosional stress was varied at constant temperature.The material tested was a remoulded illitic-silt (Grundite). Tests were performed at constant pH and at five different water contents ranging from 40 to 80%. For each water content, samples were tested at five different salinities varying from 0 to 10% NaCl.Results are as follows: (1) the erosional response of cohesive sediments can be described with rate process and double layer throries, (2) the magnitude of experimental activation energies suggest solid-to-solid bonding and are essentially independent of salinity and water content, (3) experimental flow volumes were essentially invariant with water content, but decreased with salinity in accordance with the double layer theory, which suggest that the dominant interparticle forces in surface cohesive erosion are physico-chemical rather than mechanical. 相似文献
12.
盐度和pH对底栖硅藻胞外多聚物的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
研究了盐度和pH值对底栖硅藻新月筒柱藻(Cylindrotheca closterium(Ehr.)Reimannet Lewin)增殖、蛋白质含量和胞外多聚物(Extracellular Polymeric Substances,EPS)的影响.结果表明新月筒柱藻最适生长的盐度和pH值分别是15和8,属半咸水性生活.高盐度(>15)和低pH值(相似文献
13.
在实验室条件下采用静水法测定了海水盐度(16、20、24、28、32、36、40、44)对紫血蛤(Sanguin-olaria violacea)耗氧率和排氨率的影响.紫血蛤按壳长分为大(50 mm以上)、中(40～50 mm)、小(小于40 mm)三种规格.结果显示,在盐度16～36范围内紫血蛤单位体重耗氧率和排氨率均随盐度升高显著增加(p<0.01),在盐度为36取得最大值,三种规格紫血蛤的耗氧率最大值分别为1.11、1.25和1.57 mg/(g.h),排氨率最大值分别为62.34、83.89和104.68μg/(g.h);其后随盐度上升,耗氧率和排氨率显著降低,表明在一定范围内,紫血蛤可通过调整生理代谢水平适应低盐或高盐环境.养殖驯化7 d后的累计死亡率以盐度44组为最高(55%),表明44可能是紫血蛤的耐盐上限.在盐度16～36范围内,紫血蛤单位体重耗氧率、排氨率和组织干重之间的关系可用幂函数表示. 相似文献
14.
E.R. McGreer 《Marine environmental research》1982,7(2):131-149
An investigation of the factors responsible for the distribution of Macoma balthica (L.) on a mudflat receiving sewage effluent was carried out in the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia. The factors examined included reduced salinity, low levels of dissolved oxygen, effluent toxicity, chlorination, substrate grain size and the effects of metal contaminated sediments. Results showed that salinity, dissolved oxygen and sediment grain size did not satisfactorily explain the distribution of M. balthica. Unchlorinated and chlorinated sewage effluent were shown to be non-toxic in laboratory tests, and these results were confirmed by 7-day in situ bioassays. The factor which appeared to determine the distribution of M. balthica was the degree of contamination of the substrate which affected the settling and survival of larval and juvenile clams. Heavy metals occurred in high concentrations in the contaminated sediments and were considered to be the most probable controlling factor. 相似文献
15.
为了研究不同盐度对小黄鱼生理的影响,以人工养殖的4月龄小黄鱼(体质量为(12.6 ±3.1)g)为实验对象,将在自然海水(对照组盐度为22.1)中养殖的小黄鱼转入到盐度为5(低盐组)和34.5(高盐组)的海水中进行急性盐度胁迫处理10 d,测定并分析肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力以及鳃和肾脏中的Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的变化情况。结果显示,在急性盐度胁迫下,小黄鱼肝脏抗氧化酶(SOD和CAT)活力均上升,其中,低盐组的SOD和高盐组的CAT活力均显著高于对照组(p<0.05);在不同盐度条件下,AKP和ACP表现出相反的变化趋势,即AKP活力随着盐度上升不断增强,而ACP活力则逐渐降低;鳃中Na+/K+-ATP酶活力在低盐组最低,而肾脏中高盐组的活力显著高于对照组(p<0.05)。上述研究结果表明,小黄鱼幼鱼在盐度下降到5时仍可正常存活;不同盐度胁迫可导致小黄鱼肝脏中的非特异性免疫酶以及鳃和肾脏中的Na+/K+-ATP酶活性发生显著变化,表明小黄鱼在适应盐度变化过程中肝脏、鳃和肾脏均发挥着一定的调节作用。研究结果对小黄鱼在高盐或者咸淡水区域养殖提供了一定参考作用。 相似文献
16.
鱼类Ghrelin的研究主要集中在摄食和生长方面,在免疫方面的研究甚少。本文以沿海经济鱼类黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)为研究对象,检测了不同盐度(10、20、30)环境下腹腔注射Ghrelin(生理浓度,10ng/100g体重)对黑鲷部分免疫指标(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、溶菌酶活性LYS、血清补体3含量C3、免疫球蛋白M含量Ig M和丙二醛含量MDA)的影响。结果如下:在30盐度(正常盐度)时,腹腔注射Ghrelin对SOD和C3无显著影响(P0.05),1h后Ig M含量显著提高(P0.05),2h后LYS和MDA也明显增加(P0.05);在20盐度(轻盐度胁迫)时,腹腔注射Ghrelin不影响Ig M含量(P0.05),1h后SOD、LYS、C3均有明显上升(P0.05),而MDA则显著下降(P0.05),影响持续时间较长;在10盐度(重盐度胁迫)时,腹腔注射Ghrelin对所检测的5种免疫指标均有显著影响,其中1h后LYS、C3、Ig M含量明显提高(P0.05),3h后MDA下降,6h后SOD明显升高(P0.05)。以上结果表明:在低盐度肋迫下,Ghrelin可显著提高海水鱼黑鲷血清中SOD、LYS、C3和Ig M水平,降低MDA水平(P0.05),使黑鲷免疫力提高,以缓解其对低盐度胁迫的适应。因此,Ghrelin在海鱼的淡化驯养中具有潜在的应用前景,有望开发为一种海鱼淡化驯养的饲料添加剂。 相似文献
17.
Julian Augley Mark Huxham Teresa F. Fernandes Alastair R. Lyndon 《Journal of Sea Research》2008,60(4):292-296
Previous population estimates of the 0+ plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) in the Firth of Forth, east central Scotland, did not take account of the Forth estuary west of the Forth bridges. Previous work found plaice in the estuary grew as fast as, or faster than, the outer firth plaice. It was hypothesised that salinity may affect growth rates of early 0+ plaice. This hypothesis was tested in a laboratory experiment, by exposing juvenile plaice to three different, but naturally — experienced by the juveniles, salinities; 25, 30 and 35. Plaice fed a minimum ration did not grow in length. Mean weight decreased at all three salinities, however, the lowest weight loss was found at the lowest salinity (25) and the highest weight loss was found at the highest salinity (35). The minimum feeding ration was halted and plaice were then fed ad libitum. Consumption rates were not significantly different during the ad libitum feeding, while significant differences in mean weight change were found between the highest and lowest salinities. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Sea Research》2009,61(4):292-296
Previous population estimates of the 0+ plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) in the Firth of Forth, east central Scotland, did not take account of the Forth estuary west of the Forth bridges. Previous work found plaice in the estuary grew as fast as, or faster than, the outer firth plaice. It was hypothesised that salinity may affect growth rates of early 0+ plaice. This hypothesis was tested in a laboratory experiment, by exposing juvenile plaice to three different, but naturally — experienced by the juveniles, salinities; 25, 30 and 35. Plaice fed a minimum ration did not grow in length. Mean weight decreased at all three salinities, however, the lowest weight loss was found at the lowest salinity (25) and the highest weight loss was found at the highest salinity (35). The minimum feeding ration was halted and plaice were then fed ad libitum. Consumption rates were not significantly different during the ad libitum feeding, while significant differences in mean weight change were found between the highest and lowest salinities. 相似文献
19.
The influence of hypo‐osmotic stress on the regenerative capacity of the invasive polychaete Marenzelleria viridis from its native range 
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下载免费PDF全文 The euryhaline polychaete Marenzelleria viridis is a notorious invader of the Baltic region and while many studies have focused on the effects of osmotic stress on larval development of the species, few have assessed its effect on adult specimens. This study investigated the effects of low salinity on the physiology of M. viridis by using its regenerative capacity as a proxy for physiologic performance. Specimens were collected in spring 2015 on sandy flats in Hempstead Bay (Long Island, New York), a site that falls within its native range. Worms were ablated between the 14th and 20th chaetigers and cultured at five different salinity treatments (24psu, 15psu, 10psu, 5psu and 0psu) that reflected the broad salinity regimes of its distributional range. Data for anterior regeneration were analysed and presented. Morphogenesis during anterior regeneration was characterized by the formation of a blastema from which the major anatomic structures emerged. All specimens cultured at 5–24psu successfully completed regeneration whereas 75% of specimens cultured at 0psu died and the survivors were unable to proceed beyond the blastema stage. Salinity did not have an effect on regeneration time (14.5–15.1 days) but did have an effect on the percentage of chaetigers regenerated (lowest – 77% at 5psu, highest – 97.5% at 15‰). The post‐regeneration phase was characterized by variability in pigmentation patterns in the regenerated anterior structures, which appear to be independent of salinity treatments. In conclusion, adult M. viridis appears to exhibit high tolerance to low salinity environments, which may have been inherited from its larval stages. In addition, the different pigmentation patterns observed in regenerated structures may allude to the variability of this feature in spionids. 相似文献