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1.
海洋潮位推算在水深测量中的应用   总被引:9,自引:4,他引:5  
王征  桑金  王骥 《海洋测绘》2002,22(2):3-8
研究了用于海洋水深测量的天文潮加余潮水位订正方法,在沿岸测量中得到验证,数值精度符合测量标准要求。研究的主要内容包括:利用已有潮波的数值计算结果,分析网格点主要分潮的调和常数;利用相关的长期验潮站资料,分析所有分潮的调和常数,修正测量海域的数值计算结果,确定各网格点内的理论最低潮面;内插计算并扩展任意点主要分潮调和常数,推算该点的瞬时天文潮位,并利用长期验潮站观测数据推算任意点余水位,二者相加得出给定时刻的潮位。  相似文献   

2.
根据临时验潮站观测到的一个月潮位资料通常能够分析得到11个分潮的调和常数。如果用所分析得到的调和常数与邻近站的Sa和Ssa的调和常数以及年平均海面做出潮汐预报,则在这一个月当中的平均海面的日变化将会反映出来,因而,潮位预报精度应该比仅由11个分潮和月平均海面所预报的潮位要高。本文对上述的问题进行论述。  相似文献   

3.
对石臼所、连云港和坎门验潮站23 a(1975—1997年)水文观测资料进行了逐年调和分析。结果可以看出,不仅年平均海平面有逐年变化,而且分潮调和常数也存在明显的不稳定性。利用2种方法推算了3个站的23 a天文潮位,一是以某年(例如1975年)的年平均海平面和调和常数,另一是以当年的年平均海平面和调和常数推算3个站的23 a天文潮位。并据实测潮位和2种天文潮位推算值,计算出2种风增(减)水的年极值。由比较发现,3个站的2种年最高(低)天文潮位的最大差值达17~22 cm(-18~14 cm);石臼所和连云港的2种100年一遇风减水的差值均达20~30 cm,坎门的2种100年一遇风增水差值达10 cm。这些差值表明,在人们推算天文潮和计算风增(减)水时,不应该忽视年平均海平面变化和分潮调和常数的不稳定性。由逐年的调和常数计算了每年的海图深度基准面,其23 a的变化幅度在石臼所达11 cm,在连云港达21 cm。拟建沿岸工程点的年最高(最低)天文潮位变化的曲线,年极值风增(减)水变化曲线及海图深度基准面的年变化曲线可以利用工程点两侧长期验潮站的相应曲线经过工程点1 a观测资料推算出的相应值,内插求得。  相似文献   

4.
综合利用4个验潮站的逐时观测潮位资料,采用最小二乘原理的调和分析方法得到验潮站的潮汐调和常数。根据调和常数计算沿岸海域潮汐特征值,分析4个站位海域潮汐的时空特征。结果表明:秦皇岛附近受半日潮无潮点的影响为正规全日潮,其余3站位均为不规则半日潮性质;4个验潮站中龙口站和秦皇岛站属于弱潮海区,葫芦岛站和塘沽站属于中潮区。4个站位平均大潮差、平均小潮差、最大可能潮差与平均潮差的变化趋势基本一致,月平均潮差存在"双峰型"和"多峰型";葫芦岛验潮站、塘沽验潮站以及龙口验潮站均呈现出较不明显的潮高日不等现象;涨、落潮历时日不等,存在区域性分布。  相似文献   

5.
利用2004、2007、2010年在福建中南部沿海长期验潮站和临时验潮站获取的实测逐时潮位资料,采用基于最小二乘原理的潮汐调和分析方法,分析了福建中南部沿岸海域18个验潮站的潮汐调和常数,并根据调和常数分析了沿岸海域潮汐特征.结果表明:福建中南部沿岸海域以向南传播的半日分潮为主,传播至浮头湾以南海域后衰减明显,对应平潭至浮头湾海域的潮汐性质为半日潮,古雷半岛以南海域为不规则半日潮混合潮;福建中南部沿岸海域自北部平潭向南至诏安,平均海平面升高约25 cm,潮差减小超过3 m,平均大潮差与平均小潮差之差也减小2 m左右,理论高潮位降低约1.5m,而理论低潮位升高约2 m,潮时推迟约2h.  相似文献   

6.
介绍了一种新的海洋潮汐分析方法--VAV分析方法.该方法通过带通滤波将原始时间域数据转换为频率域数据,再对该频率域数据应用最小二乘法求解得到各分潮调和常数.VAV方法可分析受有色噪音"污染"的数据,允许缺测,并能检测、剔除异常数据,通过多次迭代提高调和常数估算精度,该方法亦可进行浅水分潮分析、潮位预报和海平面变化分析等.利用VAV方法对闸坡验潮站潮位资料进行分析,得到的各主要分潮调和常数、预报潮位及多年平均海平面和多年海平面平均上升速率结果与传统调和分析结果对比基本一致.同时,VAV方法分析得到闸坡站1975-1997年海平面总体呈先降后升趋势,其中1975-1979年为下降期,1980-1997年为上升期.  相似文献   

7.
利用长期验潮信息订正中期验潮站的调和常数   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
发现了由一个月逐时潮位观测资料调和分析求得的调和常数与年资料观测序列分析结果存在的明显偏差,而且这种偏差在同步观测的邻近验潮站之间具有一定的相关性。设计并实现了由长期验潮站观测资料或分析结果订正月观测资料调和常数的三种算法,实例验证了订正效果。  相似文献   

8.
王冬  张墨起  张媛  刘雷 《海洋测绘》2013,33(1):46-48
基于余水位的配置模型,通过潮汐调和分析,利用已知长期验潮站余水位结合临近短期验潮站天文潮位来恢复短期站的实际水位,并对其进行误差分析,证明基于余水位进行推算未知验潮站潮位的可行性与实用性。为了保证验潮仪采集数据的精确度,基于日(月)平均海面在较大的空间尺度内有较强的相关性这一原理,对短期验潮站验潮仪零点漂移进行检测,并对其进行误差分析。  相似文献   

9.
随着卫星高度计资料的不断丰富,通过对卫星高度计所得潮汐调和常数进行插值或拟合得到潮汐同潮图成为可能。本文拟对T/P(TOPEX/POSEIDON)、Jason-1和Jason-2卫星高度计数据进行分析,得到南海区域星下观测点处四个主要分潮(M2、S2、K1和O1分潮)的调和常数,进而利用双调和样条插值方法对其进行插值,获取南海同潮图。首先,以1992~2016年T/P和Jason卫星高度计所得海面高度数据为基础,利用调和分析方法计算了南海星下观测点处M2、S2、K1和O1四个主要分潮的调和常数,并与40个验潮站数据进行了对比,最大矢量均差为4.99cm,说明分析所得调和常数与利用验潮站资料提取的调和常数的误差较小。进而采用双调和样条插值方法对星下点调和常数进行插值,得到了南海四个主要分潮的同潮图,所得结果与全球潮汐模型TPXO7.2模式结果的矢量均差分别为4.69、2.46、3.13和2.42 cm,与141个验潮站处观测结果的矢量均差分别为22.59、10.26、10.24和8.51 cm。此外,插值所得四个主要分潮的无潮点位置与前人研究结果相近。上述实验结果表明:利用双调和样条插值方法对卫星高度计所得调和常数进行插值能够获取较为准确的同潮图。  相似文献   

10.
论证了验潮站潮汐调和常数的精度指标与精度评估方法,对中国沿岸有代表性的长期验潮站分别按年、月调和分析结果序列进行了调和常数的精度统计计算。结果表明,对于面向开阔海域的验潮站,由年观测资料分析的主要分潮振幅具有毫米级精度,月分析结果具有厘米级精度。而分布于黄海、东海沿岸和北部湾的验潮站,由年、月观测序列求得的调和常数均存在较大量级的趋势性或周期性变化成分。为海图深度基准面计算和潮汐模型精度评价的需要,对调和常数实施修正和规定参考历元是必要的。  相似文献   

11.
This paper attempts to assess the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as an accurate, reliable, and easy tool for sea level measurement. The GNSS technique was incorporated into a float based tide gauge system. A prototype of such an instrument was developed based on principles of conventional tide gauges, where high frequency noise is reduced mechanically. The ability of the GNSS based tide gauge (GTG) to monitor sea levels was tested in several experiments. The performance of the GTG was compared to that of a traditional tide gauge. The method of data analysis and data comparison between the GPS measurements and the tide gauge data is presented. The results show that the GTG is equal in performance to the traditional float operated tide gauge. It seems that the GTG is capable of delivering the same level of accuracy (1 cm), and its results are as reliable as its competitor, the traditional float tide gauge. The suggested instrument can be easily integrated into the array of permanent GNSS stations and assist in absolute measurements of sea level changes, caused by global warming and the greenhouse effect, for example.  相似文献   

12.
Tidal Correction of Altimetric Data in the Japan Sea   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Satellite altimetric data have been very useful in the study of variation in the eddy field of the ocean. In order to investigate the variation in the eddy field, we have to remove tidal signals from altimetric data. However, global tidal models do not have sufficient accuracy in marginal seas such as the Japan Sea. In this study, we carried out harmonic analysis of temporal fluctuations of sea surface height data in the Japan Sea measured by TOPEX/POSEIDON. We could eliminate the tidal signals from altimetric data of TOPEX/POSEIDON and also from ERS-2 altimetric data with use of the harmonic constants derived from TOPEX/POSEIDON and tide gauge data along the coast. We draw co-tidal and co-range charts in the Japan Sea using the result of the harmonic analysis of TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetric data and tide gauge data along the coast. The results obtained turn out to be very useful for the tidal correction of altimetric data from satellite in the Japan Sea.  相似文献   

13.
1 .IntroductionTheglobalairtemperatureroseabout 0 .5~ 0 .6°Coverthepast 2 0thcentury ,andtheglobalmeansealevelincreasedbyabout2 0cmduringtheperiod .Theregionalmeansealevelriseswiththerisingglobalmeansealevel.Zuoetal.( 1 997)indicatedthatthemeanrisingrateofabsolutemeansealevelalongtheChinacoastontheassumptionofunifiedisostaticdatumis 2mm a .Woodworth( 1 999)analyzedsealevelspanning 1 76 8tothepresentinLiverpool,andobtainedaseculartrendforheperiodupto 1 880of0 .39± 0 .1 7mm a ,andatrendfort…  相似文献   

14.
This paper attempts to assess the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as an accurate, reliable, and easy tool for sea level measurement. The GNSS technique was incorporated into a float based tide gauge system. A prototype of such an instrument was developed based on principles of conventional tide gauges, where high frequency noise is reduced mechanically. The ability of the GNSS based tide gauge (GTG) to monitor sea levels was tested in several experiments. The performance of the GTG was compared to that of a traditional tide gauge. The method of data analysis and data comparison between the GPS measurements and the tide gauge data is presented. The results show that the GTG is equal in performance to the traditional float operated tide gauge. It seems that the GTG is capable of delivering the same level of accuracy (1 cm), and its results are as reliable as its competitor, the traditional float tide gauge. The suggested instrument can be easily integrated into the array of permanent GNSS stations and assist in absolute measurements of sea level changes, caused by global warming and the greenhouse effect, for example.  相似文献   

15.
The long-term variation and seasonal variation of sea level have a notable effect on the calculation of engineering water level. Such an effect is first analyzed in this paper. The maximal amplitude of inter-annual anomaly of monthly mean sea level along the China coast is larger than 60 cm. Both the storm surge disaster and cold wave disaster are seasonal disasters in various regions, so the water level corresponding to the 1% of the cumulative frequency in the cumulative frequency curve of hourly water level data for different seasons in various sea areas is different from design water level, for example, the difference between them reaches maximum in June, July and August for northern sea area, and maximum in September, October and November for Southern China Sea. The hourly water level data of 19 gauge stations along the China coast are analyzed. Firstly, the annual mean sea level for every station is obtained; secondly, linear chan ging rates of annual mean sea level are obtained with the stochasti  相似文献   

16.
The sea level variations along Visakhapatnam coast are governed by astronomical tides and nontidal oscillations including atmospheric pressure, winds, coastal currents, Ekman Pumping, and river influx. Tidal and nontidal sea level oscillations are usually studied separately because of the vastly different ways in which they are forced. In this study the tidal oscillations along Visakhapatnam are analyzed using GOTIC2 tidal model. The correlation between monthly mean sea level and monthly mean tides is 47% (r = 0.68) and increases to 54% (r = 0.74) when applied for inverse-barometric effect. The major six partial tides are computed and presented. The tidal variations from Neap tide to Spring tide are studied.  相似文献   

17.
Long-term hourly data from 12 tide gauge stations were used to examine the character of tidal oscillations in the Caspian Sea. Diurnal and semidiurnal tidal peaks are well-defined in sea level spectra in the Middle and South Caspian basins. High-resolution spectral analysis revealed that the diurnal sea level oscillations in the Middle Caspian Basin have a gravitational origin, while those in the South Caspian Basin are mainly caused by radiational effects: the amplitude of diurnal radiational harmonic S1 is much higher than those of gravitational harmonics О1, P1, and K1. In the North Caspian Basin, there are no gravitational tides and only weak radiational tides are observed. A semidiurnal type of tide is predominant in the Middle and South Caspian basins. Harmonic analysis of the tides for individual annual series with subsequent vector averaging over the entire observational period was applied to estimate the mean amplitudes and phases of major tidal constituents. The amplitude of the M2 harmonic reaches 5.4 cm in the South Caspian Basin (at Aladga). A maximum tidal range of 21 cm was found at the Aladga station in the southeastern part of the Caspian Sea, whereas the tidal range in the western part of the South Caspian Basin varies from 5 to 10 cm.  相似文献   

18.
首先给出了基于GNSS-MR技术提取潮波系数的原理与方法,然后利用布设在浙江省石浦港验潮室屋顶的GPS站DSPU实测数据对潮波系数进行了提取,并与验潮站实测潮位调和分析结果进行了对比分析。实验结果表明GPS-MR反演潮位与验潮站实测潮位值吻合较好,相关系数优于0.97;GPS-MR反演潮位与验潮站实测潮位获取的潮波系数基本一致,除M2、S2外其它差异较小。两者获取的潮波系数差异主要因为DSPU测站观测环境极大地影响了GPS-MR提取潮位精度。沿海GNSS站用于潮位监测和潮波系数提取,将进一步拓展沿海GNSS监测站的应用领域,在一定程度上可弥补验潮站的不足。  相似文献   

19.
针对平均海平面的定义,分别介绍了利用验潮站资料和卫星高度计资料确立平均海平面的方法原理,并对2种方法的特性及存在的问题进行了比较阐述,确定了以沿岸长期验潮站为控制条件,对卫星测高数据确定的高分辨率高精度的平均海平面网格模型进行改正,最终构建平均海平面与国家大地坐标系关系的研究方法.  相似文献   

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