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1.
全球和我国近海验潮站及任意地点（区）的21世纪海平面预测 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
叙述了应用验潮站的海平面资料求年变率的方法，该法得出我国海平面的年变率为０．１４－０．２０ｃｍ／ａ，同时对海平面的外推预测法进行介绍和比较验证；提出了全球海平面上升值加当地地面升降 地点和地区预测法，结合年变度和气温升温计算出全球和我国珠江，长江及可三角洲等地区以及一些地点的２１世纪海平面预测值。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2020,(3)
以盐城滨海湿地为研究区,根据1997年、2007年和2014年3个时相的遥感影像,运用RS、GIS技术和景观生态学方法,比较不同岸段景观时空动态变化的差异。结果表明:(1)1997～2014年,盐城滨海湿地景观结构变化呈现出非湿地与人工湿地在增加,盐沼在减少的特征。盐沼的面积比重,淤蚀转换岸段淤长岸段侵蚀岸段。景观多样性指数和均匀度指数,淤蚀转换岸段淤长岸段侵蚀岸段;景观聚集度指数,淤长岸段侵蚀岸段淤蚀转换岸段。(2)滨海湿地景观转移表现为盐沼转变为耕地、养殖池和建设用地;盐沼转出的速率,淤长岸段淤蚀转换岸段侵蚀岸段;盐沼转出的比例,淤长岸段侵蚀岸段淤蚀转换岸段。(3)盐城滨海湿地景观转变强度都为负值,说明研究区生态等级在下降;总体景观转变强度,淤长岸段淤蚀转换岸段侵蚀岸段。(4)自然条件与人类活动在时空上的组合差异是盐城滨海湿地景观时空动态区域差异的主要原因。 相似文献
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红树林潮滩沉积速率测量与研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
红树林捕沙促淤功能是红树林防浪护岸效益的主要表现之一。本文用标志桩法与（２１０）Ｐｂ同位素定年法测定红树林潮滩沉积速率。海南东寨港林市村岸段标志桩试验显示：红海榄Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｈｏｒａｓｔｙｌｏｓａ密林区普遍淤积，平均速率４．１ｍｍ·ａ（－１）；白滩与疏林区侵蚀，平均速率８．２ｍｍ·ａ（－１）。沉积速率随滩地高程增加或潮水浸淹频率的减小而减小。冬春淤积为主而夏季冲刷为主。区域性淤积速度受区域泥沙来源与海岸动态影响。在粤西廉江高桥镇凤地村岸段的（２１０）Ｐｈ测试显示，０—９０ｃｍ段沉积历时为１４５（１８４７—１９９２）ａ，平均沉积速率为６．２ｍｍ·ａ（－１）。其中０—４０ｃｍ段１９６６—１９９２年沉积速率１５．４ｍｍ·ａ（－１）最大，４０—５０ｃｍ段１９３０－１９６６年沉积速率２．８ｍｍ·ａ（－１）最小。 相似文献
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长江口前沿潮滩对来沙锐减和海面上升的响应 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
长江口前沿潮滩是上海市土地的重要来源,也是2个湿地自然保护区所在,其冲淤演变趋势与上述命运休戚相关。根据1970年代以来的地形资料,计算了河口口门地区潮滩面积在不同时期的自然增长速率;建立了潮滩面积增长速率同河流供沙条件之间的回归关系;探讨了河流来沙锐减和海平面上升共同作用下潮滩的冲淤趋势。结果表明:(1)近30a大通站输沙率和含沙量分别下降26%和31%,而河口前沿潮滩面积增长速率下降73%;(2)潮滩冲淤转换临界输沙率Qs和含沙量C(大通站)分别为2.6×108t/a和0.25g/L左右;(3)由于三峡工程等的影响,长江的输沙率和含沙量将下降到上述临界值之下,加之海平面的加速上升,今后几十年研究区潮滩将遭受侵蚀。 相似文献
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全球海平面的年变率与21世纪预测 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文应用全球的验潮站海平面资料，求出全球海平面上升年变率为０．１５－０．１６ｃｍ／ａ，且提出采用全球海平面年变率的全球海平面的预测法与２１世纪的预测值，并把成果和结论与国际上的比较；同时指出和纠正了以前一些学者的部分错误成果和预测结论。 相似文献
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江苏沿海潮滩剖面特征研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据2007年在江苏沿海绣针河口至长江口北支寅阳角潮滩得到的60个剖面高程测量资料以及历史地形资料,通过对比不同时期的剖面特征,确定江苏沿海潮滩剖面的形态特征、冲淤类型及冲淤趋势等。研究发现:首先,沿海潮滩剖面形态主要有斜坡形、斜坡形+上凸形组合、下凹形、上凸形四种,不同的剖面形态指示不同的沿海潮滩冲淤状态;其次,初步确定江苏沿海有5个蚀淤分界点,分别位于连云港西墅、灌河口、扁担港口、东灶港、塘芦港;第三,沿海潮间带以上区域,侵蚀岸段表现为不同程度的"假淤积"现象,淤积岸段依旧以一定的速率保持向海淤涨;潮下带以下区域,除四卯酉河口-小洋口属典型淤长型岸段外,其余大部分岸段的水下岸坡均遭受一定程度的侵蚀。 相似文献
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曹妃甸地区潮间带演变的遥感监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用美国Landsat系列卫星、中巴卫星CBERS及中国HJ-1卫星1981-2011年7个时相的遥感数据及潮汐潮位资料,应用"相同潮位对比法",分析研究了曹妃甸地区潮间带的空间分布特征和潮滩动态演变趋势。结果表明:近三十年来,受潮滩围垦、填海造陆等人类活动的影响,潮间带形态发生了很大变化,潮间带上边界逐渐向海推进,最大推进距离达3 km左右,使得上部潮滩面积不断减少;同时,受输沙量减少、风浪冲刷、沉降作用及海平面上升等因素的综合影响,潮滩下部整体上处于侵蚀状态,西部滩面侵蚀较轻,东部滩面侵蚀较严重。另外,在该区大规模开发建设期间,潮滩的平衡状态被破坏,部分岸段出现了潮滩暂时淤高的现象。 相似文献
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浙江台州湾潮滩不同粒级悬沙的动力沉积 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文根据潮滩悬沙粒度，含沙量和水动力资料以及细颗粒泥沙动水絮凝试验资料，分析了潮滩不同粒级悬沙的动力沉积特性。文章认为，粒径大于３２μｍ的粗颗粒以单颗粒重力沉积为特征，大部分在涨急前落淤；粒径在４－３２μｍ的中细粉砂，在适宜的动力条件下（流速小于２８ｃｍ／ｓ大于１８ｃｍ／ｓ）发生动水絮凝沉积，其它时间发生单颗粒沉积；粒径小于４．０μｍ的粘性细颗粒在流速小于２１ｃｍ／ｓ时发生动力絮凝沉积，流速大于２ 相似文献
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Impact of the cord-grass Spartina alterniflora on sedimentary and morphological evolution of tidal salt marshes on the Jiangsu coast, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1Introduction Asanimportantcomponentofthecoastalsys tem,tidalflatsareformedbytidalactionunderthe conditionofabundantfine grainedsedimentsupply;theybecomeafocusofthestudyonland oceaninter actioninthecoastalzonebecausetheseareasare subjectedtointensehumanac… 相似文献
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Tariq Masood Ali Khan D. A. Razzaq Qamar-Uz-Zaman Chaudhry Dewan Abdul Quadir Anwarul Kabir Majajul Alam Sarker 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):159-174
The UNEP in its regional seas program in 1989 has included Pakistan in a group of countries which are vulnerable to the impact of rising sea level. If the present trend of sea level rise (SLR) at Karachi continues, in the next 50 years the sea level rise along the Pakistan Coast will be 50 mm (5 cm). Since the rising rates of sea level at Karachi are within the global range of 1-2 mm/year, the trends may be treated as eustatic SLR. Historical air temperature and sea surface temperature (SST) data of Karachi also show an increasing pattern and an increasing trend of about 0.67°C has been registered in the air temperature over the last 35 years, whereas the mean SST in the coastal waters of Karachi has also registered an increasing trend of about 0.3°C in a decade. Sindh coastal zone is more vulnerable to sea level rise than Baluchistan coast, as uplifting of the coast by about 1-2 mm/year due to subduction of Indian Ocean plate is a characteristic of Baluchistan coast. Within the Indus deltaic creek system, the area nearby Karachi is more vulnerable to coastal erosion and accretion than the other deltaic region, mainly due to human activities together with natural phenomena such as wave action, strong tidal currents, and rise in sea level. Therefore, The present article deals mainly with the study of dynamical processes such as erosion and accretion associated with sea level variations along the Karachi coast and surrounding Indus deltaic coastline. The probable beach erosion in a decade along the sandy beaches of Karachi has been estimated. The estimates show that 1.1 mm/year rise in sea level causes a horizontal beach loss of 110 mm per year. Therefore, coast eroded with rise in sea level at Karachi and surrounding sandy beaches would be 1.1 m during a period of next 10 years. The northwestern part of Indus delta, especially the Gizri and Phitti creeks and surrounding islands, are most unstable. Historical satellite images are used to analyze the complex pattern of sediment movements, the change in shape of coastline, and associated erosion and accretion patterns in Bundal and Buddo Islands. The significant changes in land erosion and accretion areas at Bundal and Buddo Islands are evident and appear prominently in the images. A very high rate of accretion of sediments in the northwestern part of Buddo Island has been noticed. In the southwest monsoon season the wave breaking direction in both these islands is such that the movement of littoral drift is towards west. Erosion is also taking place in the northeastern and southern part of Bundal Island. The erosion in the south is probably due to strong wave activities and in the northeast is due to strong tidal currents and seawater intrusion. Accretion takes place at the northwest and western parts of Bundal Island. By using the slope of Indus delta, sea encroachment and the land area inundation with rising sea level of 1 m and 2 m have also been estimated. 相似文献
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Tariq Masood Ali Khan D. A. Razzaq Qamar-Uz-Zaman Chaudhry Dewan Abdul Quadir Anwarul Kabir Majajul Alam Sarker 《Marine Geodesy》2002,25(1):159-174
The UNEP in its regional seas program in 1989 has included Pakistan in a group of countries which are vulnerable to the impact of rising sea level. If the present trend of sea level rise (SLR) at Karachi continues, in the next 50 years the sea level rise along the Pakistan Coast will be 50 mm (5 cm). Since the rising rates of sea level at Karachi are within the global range of 1-2 mm/year, the trends may be treated as eustatic SLR. Historical air temperature and sea surface temperature (SST) data of Karachi also show an increasing pattern and an increasing trend of about 0.67°C has been registered in the air temperature over the last 35 years, whereas the mean SST in the coastal waters of Karachi has also registered an increasing trend of about 0.3°C in a decade. Sindh coastal zone is more vulnerable to sea level rise than Baluchistan coast, as uplifting of the coast by about 1-2 mm/year due to subduction of Indian Ocean plate is a characteristic of Baluchistan coast. Within the Indus deltaic creek system, the area nearby Karachi is more vulnerable to coastal erosion and accretion than the other deltaic region, mainly due to human activities together with natural phenomena such as wave action, strong tidal currents, and rise in sea level. Therefore, The present article deals mainly with the study of dynamical processes such as erosion and accretion associated with sea level variations along the Karachi coast and surrounding Indus deltaic coastline. The probable beach erosion in a decade along the sandy beaches of Karachi has been estimated. The estimates show that 1.1 mm/year rise in sea level causes a horizontal beach loss of 110 mm per year. Therefore, coast eroded with rise in sea level at Karachi and surrounding sandy beaches would be 1.1 m during a period of next 10 years. The northwestern part of Indus delta, especially the Gizri and Phitti creeks and surrounding islands, are most unstable. Historical satellite images are used to analyze the complex pattern of sediment movements, the change in shape of coastline, and associated erosion and accretion patterns in Bundal and Buddo Islands. The significant changes in land erosion and accretion areas at Bundal and Buddo Islands are evident and appear prominently in the images. A very high rate of accretion of sediments in the northwestern part of Buddo Island has been noticed. In the southwest monsoon season the wave breaking direction in both these islands is such that the movement of littoral drift is towards west. Erosion is also taking place in the northeastern and southern part of Bundal Island. The erosion in the south is probably due to strong wave activities and in the northeast is due to strong tidal currents and seawater intrusion. Accretion takes place at the northwest and western parts of Bundal Island. By using the slope of Indus delta, sea encroachment and the land area inundation with rising sea level of 1 m and 2 m have also been estimated. 相似文献
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海平面上升的风险评估研究进展与展望 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
海岸带是海陆交互作用的集中区域,人类活动密集,面对未来海平面上升带来的影响具有敏感性和脆弱性。评估未来海平面上升对海岸带的风险,具有理论与实际意义。根据海平面上升风险评估研究框架,总结了海平面上升、海岸侵蚀、风暴潮淹没、海水入侵、湿地丧失等方面的研究现状,在此基础上,分析了目前研究存在的不足,并提出了海平面上升风险评估未来研究的关键问题。 相似文献
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江苏盐城沿海滩涂淤蚀及湿地植被消长变化 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
目前盐城海岸有限的滩涂资源构成自然保护区用地和经济发展用地之间矛盾的焦点,滩涂的淤蚀和湿地植被消长变化是协调保护区和地方经济发展用地的主要科学依据。通过2005年7月对盐城海岸7个断面滩面高程、泥沙粒度和植被分布进行测量及调查,结合1992年6月、2002年5月、2005年4月的卫星图片资料,分析滩涂的淤蚀和植被的分布及扩展状况。研究表明,现阶段盐城海岸北部以5~45 m/a速度后退,以5~10 cm/a的平均速度下蚀;新洋港以南高滩不断向海推进,平均淤进速度为50~200 m/a,淤高速度为2~5 cm/a;滩涂湿地高等植物面积迅速增长,平均增长率为2 000 hm2/a,湿地植被结构和生态服务功能有所改变。近时期内滩涂总体面积不断扩大,新洋港以南岸段高滩面积持续增长,这为盐城自然保护区及地方经济发展提供不断增长的区域空间保障。 相似文献
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布容法则及其在中国海岸上的应用 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
布容（Ｂｒｕｕｎ）法则是预测海平面上升引起海岸侵蚀最早的方法也是最简单的方法。根据中国砂质和淤泥质海岸的情况,布容法则可定性地解释海平面上升与海岸侵蚀的关系,在满足它要求条件的海岸地段和发育时期,用它预测海岸侵蚀或许是可能的。但是,若不严格审查海岸环境和条件,把它作为海平面上升情况预测海岸侵蚀的普遍模式,有待更多的研究加以证明。 相似文献
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利用不同年份的水深地形资料进行冲淤计算,结合实测水文泥沙、现场岸滩沉积地貌观察、新老海堤分布位置及以往浅地层探测和考古等资料综合分析发现,岸滩地貌形态从大约距今7 000 a前的一个古基岩港湾经受细颗粒泥沙长期不断地充填、淤积转化为近乎平直的岸段.在自然和人类活动的共同作用下,近370 a来海岸线以5.3 m/a的速度向海推移,潮滩以0.25 cm/a的速率沉积.近40余年来水下岸坡平均冲淤速率为-3.8~2.4 cm/a,横向冲淤调整有类似砂质海岸剖面塑造的特性,泥沙经受了在横向剖面"上部微淤、下部微冲"和纵向总体"东侧微冲、中西部微淤"的交替重复调整过程,目前朝着"上部微淤、下部微冲"的均衡剖面调整方向发展. 相似文献
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Coastal erosion and flooding are major threats to coastal dwellers, and the situation is predicted to worsen as a result of the impacts of climate change and associated sea level rise. In order to identify the level of vulnerability of various sections of Ghana's coastline for planning and future hazard management, a coastal vulnerability index approach was adopted for the creation of the relative vulnerability map. The coastal vulnerability variables used include geomorphology, coastal elevation, geology, local subsidence, sea level rise, shoreline change rates, mean tidal range, mean wave height and population density of the coastal areas. Risk factors were assigned to the various variables, and all the factors were combined to calculate the coastal vulnerability for the coastal front of each administrative district along the coast. The outcome was used to produce a vulnerability index map of coastal districts in Ghana. The results revealed that parts of the central coast and the eastern coasts of Ghana were the most vulnerable. It was identified that about 50% of the 540km shoreline of Ghana is vulnerable. This assessment will facilitate the long-term adaptation planning and hazard mitigation to inform the management of Ghana's coast. 相似文献
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如何研究台风等极端天气事件影响下的湿地系统响应过程,进而提出有效的生态完整性维护和管理方案,对关键区域的湿地管理及生态安全维护具有重要意义。本文于2021年9月“灿都”台风期间在南汇东滩南岸设置水动力观测点,采集表层沉积物、测量滩面高程并用无人机获得植被影像,运用ArcGIS空间分析,探讨了台风过程影响下的南汇东滩水动力、滩面沉积变化与植被分布面积响应。结果表明:台风中,观测点近底层平均流速为0.23 m/s,植被边缘平均有效波高和波能是台风前后的1.54倍和2.14倍,近底层1 m的滩面出现“高悬沙浓度层”（>10 g/L）且存在时长为8.13 h。台风后高程低于4 m的稀疏海三棱藨草和互花米草滩面侵蚀0～4.8 cm,高程高于4 m的茂盛互花米草和芦苇滩面淤积0～14.7 cm;研究区植被分布面积共减少1 827.67 m2,减少量占台风前植被总量的1.63%,其中侵蚀滩面植被分布面积减少31.9%,淤积滩面减少68.1%。对台风过程影响后的湿地管理,可以总结为:（1）湿地在台风过程后滩面基本表现为明显的侵蚀、淤积区域共存的特征;（2）对高程低于4 m的侵蚀滩面,建议确定植被适宜生长的高程,结合台风过程冲淤变化通过“微生物膜”和植被斑块移植的方法消浪、固滩和促淤,加速湿地在台风过程影响后的修复。 相似文献