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山东荣成后港泻湖沉积及其速率对比 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据荣成后港泻湖和镆铘岛周围地区的勘察及S02孔岩芯样品的粒度1、4C、有孔虫等分析资料阐明了该泻湖的形成和演化过程,其形成于冰后期最大海侵之后(约7KaB.P.),泻湖的沉积速率约为0.8mm/a。对比得出,山东半岛的泻湖一般形成于最大海侵之后的两个时期,7KaB.P.左右和5~4KaB.P.;其沉积速率大多在1mm/a左右,最大可达1.56mm/a,最小的为0.55mm/a。泻湖的沉积速率大小主要与入湖物源有关,也与相对海平面升降,沉积物的压缩性相关联。 相似文献
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江苏固城湖近代沉积210Pb、137Cs计年及其环境意义 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对江苏固城湖沉积柱状岩心进行了210Pb、137Cs测定,以研究湖泊沉积过程和人类活动的关系。137Cs剖面显示的蓄积峰和1986年前苏联切尔诺贝利核电站核泄漏相对应,由此获得的沉积速率为0.066 cm/a;同时,利用210Pb计年的CRS模式计算了固城湖20世纪初以来不同时段的沉积速率,结果表明,在上世纪60年代初沉积物堆积速率最高,达到0.187 g/(cm2.a),80年代后沉积速率趋于稳定,约0.067 cm/a,与137Cs结果相一致。对比洪湖沉积钻孔210Pb、137Cs分布后发现,洪湖137Cs分布和固城湖相似。其人类围垦最强烈的时期正好是其137Cs峰值减弱或消失的时间段,同时也是沉积速率最高的时期。可见人类活动的影响会导致放射性核素在垂直剖面分布的不同。 相似文献
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黄河水下三角洲沉积厚度、沉积速率及砂体形态 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
本文通过多年水下实测剖面对比,对黄河水下三角洲现今活动叶瓣沉积厚度、沉积速率和砂体形态进行了研究。厚度分布等值线呈椭圆形,长轴与海岸平行。口门处沉积速率最大,平均最高值可达240cm/a之多,前三角洲沉积速率小于30cm/a,平均约15cm/a,三角洲侧缘小于50cm/a,平均约30cm/a。三角洲叶瓣砂体成分受物源控制,主要由粗粉砂组成。通过与世界六种典型三角洲砂体模式对比,认为黄河三角洲叶瓣砂体有其特殊性,代表具高密度流的三角洲砂体特征。 相似文献
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137Cs示踪法研究太湖流域土壤侵蚀分布与总量 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用137Cs示踪法研究了太湖流域不同地貌和土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀速率分布,初步估算了太湖流域的土壤侵蚀总量。结果表明,土地利用类型相同时,丘陵山坡中点的土壤侵蚀速率与整个坡面的平均值相近;太湖流域山坡中上部以自然坡地为主,土壤侵蚀速率仅为186.6t/km2.a;山坡下部以茶园种植为主,土壤侵蚀速率为3898.5t/km2.a。平原区水田的侵蚀速率与其到山脚的距离正相关,随距离的增大由堆积转变为侵蚀并逐渐增大,山脚水田堆积量和湖岸水田侵蚀量分别为2585.9和6325.7t/km2.a,平均侵蚀速率约为1869.9t/km2.a。太湖流域土壤侵蚀总量约为3446.7×104t,流域土壤侵蚀导致的输入太湖的泥沙量年均约为34.5×104t,与实际监测结果基本一致,说明土壤侵蚀是太湖泥沙输入的主要来源。本研究结果初步证明了利用137Cs示踪法研究太湖流域土壤侵蚀与湖泊沉积通量定量关系的可行性。 相似文献
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为保护亚龙湾砂质海岸及其生态系统,文章采用2016年和2019年的监测数据以及2008年的历史数据,依据相关技术标准和方法,从岸线后退速率和岸滩下蚀速率2个方面综合评价亚龙湾砂质海岸的侵蚀状况和侵蚀强度,并分析其原因。研究结果表明：亚龙湾砂质海岸存在持续性较强且较严重的海岸侵蚀;2008-2016年岸线后退速率和年均土地损失面积分别约为-1.00 m/a和2 080 m2,2016-2019年岸线后退速率和年均土地损失面积分别约为-1.80 m/a和9 836 m2,亚龙湾海岸侵蚀有明显加剧的趋势;2016-2019年亚龙湾东部和西部海岸的岸滩下蚀速率分别约为-13.3 cm/a和-36.2 cm/a,西部岸滩下蚀速率远高于东部岸滩;亚龙湾全段为强侵蚀等级,其中东部岸段为强侵蚀等级,西部岸段为严重侵蚀等级;造成亚龙湾海岸侵蚀的原因主要包括海岸工程建设、植被破坏和海平面上升。 相似文献
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崔家潞海湾是典型的圆形海湾,海湾西侧的连续沉积了泥质潮坪和沙滩,形成独特的海岸地貌。为进一步了解这类地貌剖面特征、沉积特征、沉积速率及导致海岸变化的因素,对海滩/潮滩剖面进行测量、取样;对比了历年来的历史地图,以了解海湾湾口、入海河流、低潮线等的变化。地貌上,由陆向海的剖面揭示了小型河流、沙坝、砂质海滩和低潮带的泥质沉积。这段海岸后滨向岸有小型河流,河流输沙形成沙坝,坝后形成小型滨海湿地。光释光年代和14C显示沙坝形成于6.1ka。利用210 Pb和137 Cs测年分析了泥质潮坪的沉积速率及沉积对口门变化的响应。海滩上部为中粗砂海滩,显示为低能的反射型海滩;下部则为低平的宽阔潮坪,有厚达1m的泥质沉积,而且潮坪上没有潮沟发育,坡度小。泥质沉积在近岸处和低潮处较薄,而在中间位最厚。潮平泥质在平面上的分布也不均匀。测年和历史地图都显示,泥质沉积主要出现在1950年之后。根据137 Cs,1954年至2009年,沉积了厚达1m的泥质,平均沉积速率在15mm/a。测试结果还显示上部70cm为沉积速率19.7mm/a,大于下部20cm沉积速率的9.0mm/a。湾口大坝的修建可能导致淤积加快。 相似文献
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一、盐城沿海概况
盐城海域位于江苏沿海中部，东濒黄海。全市海岸线长582km，是江苏省海岸线长的60%，滩涂及其辐射沙洲面积46.8hm^2，占江苏省滩涂面积的70%，盐城市境内的海岸均为粉砂淤泥质海岸，射阳河口以北为侵蚀型海岸，潮间带海滩较窄，一般宽0.5-1km；射阳河口以南为堆积型海岸，沿岸潮间带浅滩宽10-13km，目前该岸段仍处于淤长趋势，平均速率新洋港至王港一带约50m/a左右，港附近约100m/a左右，盐城管辖的海域面积约1.7万km^2，其中内水面积约1.1万km^2。 相似文献
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通过参加国内铀系标准样鉴定结果表明,我所实验数据是可靠的。本文运用铀系法测年等资料研究认为:中更新世以来南海沉积物明显记录两次冰期(五次亚冰期)及间冰期和冰后期,其中以中晚玉木冰期为最冷,最热的为明德-里斯间冰期。南海沉积物的沉积速率为1.6—60mm/10~3a之间,一般地说,地形平坦的深海和地形较陡的陆坡沉积物的沉积速率较慢,约1.6mm/10~3a,而在地形较陡中出现平缓地形的海谷的顶部,则沉积速率较快,约在58—60mm/10~3a。南海锰结核的生长速率在3.5—4.7mm/10~6a 相似文献
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The Coorong is a choked coastal lagoon in South Australia that forms part of the terminal lake system at the end of the River Murray, Australia’s major river. It is an inverse estuary with a constricted channel connection to the sea at one end and extends parallel to the coast for more than 100 km away from this inlet. The present paper considers the physical dynamics of the Coorong, particularly its ecologically important salinity and water level regimes, and how these respond to connectedness with the ocean, barrage flows and meteorological conditions. The approach combines hydrodynamic modelling with measurements and considers temporal variation in the system ranging from seasonal to multi-decadal timescales. 相似文献
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七里海泻湖的形成与演变 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
七里海泻湖位于渤海湾的西北岸,是全新世晚期的一个半封闭泻湖。在其演变过程中至少经历过两次由泻湖──淡水湖──泻湖的过程。水体及湖体性质的变化决定于其是否与海连通及河流注入情况。近期,受人类经济活动及工程的影响,七里海泻湖生态系统遭到严重的破坏,并加速了泻湖的退化和消亡。 相似文献
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Bjrn Kjerfve Schettini C. A. F. Bastiaan Knoppers Guilherme Lessa Ferreira H. O. 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1996,42(6):701-725
Lagoa de Araruama in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is a hypersaline coastal lagoon as a result of semi-arid climate conditions, a small drainage basin and a choked entrance channel. The lagoon has been continuously hypersaline for at least 4·5 centuries, but the mean salinity has varied substantially. It has recently decreased from 57 to 52 as indicated by density (salinity) measurements between 1965 and 1990.Analysis of more than 20 years of salinity time series data, in addition to monthly lagoon cruises to measure the spatial salinity distribution, indicate that the lagoon salinity largely fluctuates in response to the difference between evaporation and precipitation. The major factor explaining the long-term trend of decreasing salinity in the lagoon is the constant pumping of 1 m3s−1of freshwater to the communities surrounding the lagoon from an adjacent watershed, and subsequent discharge of this water into Lagoa de Araruama. The net salt budget is primarily a balance between the advective import of salt from the coastal ocean and eddy diffusive export of salt to the ocean, although the extensive mining of salt from the lagoon during past decades is also a small but significant contribution to the salt budget. The flushing half-life is proposed as a useful time scale of water exchange, is calculated based on a combination of hydrological and tidal processes, and is excellent for comparison of lagoons and assessing water quality changes. The flushing half-life measures 83·5 days for Lagoa de Araruama, considerably longer than for most other coastal lagoons. The proposed dredging of a second ocean channel to Lagoa de Araruama is probably not a good idea. It is likely to accelerate the decrease of lagoon salinity and somewhat improve the lagoon water exchange. At the same time, this will eliminate the apparent buffering capacity provided by the hypersaline environment, and thus may potentially cause water quality problems. 相似文献
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B. Shuttleworth A. Woidt T. Paparella S. Herbig D. Walker 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,64(4):131
Australia's largest river, the River Murray, discharges to the southern ocean through a coastal lagoon and river-dominated tidal inlet. Increased water extractions upstream for irrigation have led to significantly reduced flows at the mouth and, as a result, the area is undergoing rapid change, particularly with regard to the rate at which sediment is being transported into the lagoon. Based on detailed and accurate bathymetric surveys it has been possible to estimate that the rate of lagoon in-filling is of the order of 100,000 m3 per year for the period June 2000 to May 2003, although the actual rate shows significant year to year variability. Dredging of the lagoon commenced in 2000 in an attempt to reverse the trend.In an effort to understand the behaviour of the inlet a one-dimensional numerical model of the inlet has been developed. The model extends the original of van de Kreeke by including a dynamic inlet throat area based on predicted river flows and a sediment transport module to predict the resulting net sediment transport. Comparisons with water level data collected on both the ocean and lagoon sides of the mouth have shown that the model is able to predict the attenuation and lag of the tidal signal reasonably well. The sediment transport model was based on predicted sediment concentrations in the surf zone and was found to predict the rate of sediment in-filling to an acceptable level of accuracy. It is envisaged that the model will be a useful management tool, especially since it is possible to manipulate river discharges to the mouth. 相似文献
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Christian Ferrarin Georg Umgiesser Andrea Cucco Tai-Wen Hsu Aron Roland Carl L. Amos 《Coastal Engineering》2008
Recognising the importance of understanding sediment dynamics to evaluate the status of a coastal lagoon environment, this work has been focused on the investigation of the hydrodynamic and sediment transport processes occurring in such basins. In order to describe the lagoon system, a modelling approach combining hydrodynamics, waves and sediment dynamics has been developed. The framework of the numerical model consists of a finite element hydrodynamic model, a third generation finite element spectral wave model and a sediment transport and morphodynamic model for both cohesive and non-cohesive sediments. The model adopts the finite element technique for spatial integration, which has the advantage to describe more accurately complicated bathymetry and irregular boundaries for shallow water areas. The developed model has been applied to test cases and to a very shallow tidal lagoon, the Venice Lagoon, Italy. Numerical results show good agreement with water level, waves and turbidity measurements collected in several monitoring stations inside the Lagoon of Venice. Such a model represents an indispensable tool in analysing coastal problems and assessing morphological impacts of human interference. 相似文献
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潟湖是重要的海岸湿地类型,具有丰富的自然资源和独特的生态功能。近几十年来,我国的海岸潟湖遭到了极大破坏,因此,开展我国海岸潟湖遥感监测与分析具有重要意义。本文根据1979年、1990年、2000年和2010年的4期共102景多时相遥感影像数据,利用遥感和地理信息系统等技术方法对我国大陆海岸潟湖进行了遥感监测,首次调查统计了我国大陆海岸潟湖的名称、数量、分布、岸线长度和面积信息,并对近31年来我国大陆海岸潟湖的变迁状况进行了分析。结果表明,1979年我国大陆海岸潟湖共计251个,近31年,共消失19个潟湖,其中辽宁省消失15个,广东省消失3个,广西壮族自治区消失1个;1979年我国大陆海岸潟湖岸线总长度为2 692.26km,总面积为1 092.805 5km2,至2010年我国大陆海岸潟湖岸线总长度共减少337.80km,潟湖总面积共减少204.103km2;31年间,我国大陆海岸潟湖的岸线长度和潟湖面积总体均处在持续减少的状态,各省(自治区)也基本符合该规律;1979-2010年间,我国大陆海岸潟湖大部分处在老年期,死亡期潟湖消失19个。 相似文献
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Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) into a coastal lagoon off Perth, Western Australia, contains nitrate and silicate in concentrations two orders of magnitude higher than those of the receiving waters. This discharge delivers enough nitrate to replace that dissolved in the lagoon water mass about every eight days and enough silicate to replace the lagoon silicate in about 48 days. The delivery rate of nitrate nitrogen by SGD is equal to about 48% of that required for observed growth rates of lagoon macrophytes. Surface salinity is lower close to the shore as a result of SGD. During calm conditions a salinity front was observed in the lagoon, with a nearshore pool of nutrient-enriched water floating above the more saline ocean water. 相似文献
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Miroslav Gačić Vedrana Kovačević Simone Cosoli Andrea Mazzoldi Jeffrey D. Paduan Isaac Mancero-Mosquera Sadegh Yari 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
Surface patterns of the low-frequency current in a 20 × 30 km region in front of the Venice Lagoon were analysed from a 13-month-long HF radar data set. Surface circulation was related to prevalent wind regimes in the area and to the tidal flow through the lagoon inlet. Three different categories of wind-forcing were defined: bora (NE wind), sirocco (SE wind), and finally the category containing all other wind directions and calms (winds lower than 3 m/sec). Mean flow and vorticity spatial distributions were discussed for different wind conditions. The coastal area about 5 km wide is characterized by a flow field with maximum vorticity. Outside the coastal boundary layer the interior flow is part of the Adriatic basin-wide cyclonic circulation. Two counter-rotating vortices of the dimension of about 4–5 km were evidenced in the average flow field in front of the lagoon inlet (Malamocco inlet) in all situations except for the bora. The vortex-pair is probably associated with the tidal flow through the inlet. The bora wind induces a strong southward coastal jet detached from the coast by about 5 km homogenizing the flow and eliminating the dipole. The average coastal flow pattern in calm wind conditions was also analysed as a function of the strong inflow/outflow (currents in the inlet > 0.7 m s−1) from the lagoon inlet. In both cases the vorticity pattern is similar, with the negative vorticity to the left of the inlet and positive to the right looking seaward. 相似文献
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Brackish water ecosystems are often exposed to wide variations in environmental variables, including temperature and salinity, which may cause strong selective pressures on organisms modifying the genetic patterns of species. The aim of this work was to test whether there is a ‘divergence-with-gene flow’ in coastal lagoon populations of white seabream (Diplodus sargus) (Ria Formosa, S Portugal and Mar Menor, SE Spain) respect to four marine populations, by using partial sequences of cyt b mitochondrial gene and information from nine microsatellite loci. Genetic diversity was highest in both coastal lagoons (Mar Menor and Ria Formosa) considering mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Although some of FST population pairwise comparisons were not significant, analyses of molecular variance (AMOVAs) detected differences between groups (coastal lagoon and marine) close to significance. Also, only two haplotypes (Cytb-17 and Cytb-18) were detected in both coastal lagoon sampling sites and these localities (Mar Menor and Ria Formosa) showed the highest number of singletons, some of them with a high number of mutations, as has been already described for other Mar Menor populations (Pomatochistus marmoratus and Holothuria polii). Also, several tests detected significant positive and balancing selection considering mtDNA and microsatellite data. These data support the hypothesis of selection as one of the drivers of the genetic differences found between coastal lagoon and marine populations. The life strategy adopted by Diplodus sargus in coastal lagoons allows it to decrease its mortality rate and improve the heritability of its genes. Also, the increase time spent in coastal lagoons with different temperatures and salinities favours the fitness selection and the maintenance of exclusive haplotypes and genotypes in coastal lagoon inhabitants favouring the ‘divergence-with-gene-flow’. 相似文献
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芝罘连岛沙坝北端泻湖是６０００ａ Ｂ．Ｐ．以来海平面变化过程中的产物，其形成受海平面变化，气候变化，海岸古环境与近岸物质迁移的影响，泻湖附近地貌发育经历了水下沙嘴，砾石堤发育，封闭泻湖形成４个阶段。 相似文献