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1.
以莱州湾东岸为研究区,利用统计分析、相关性分析、Piper图、饱和指数以及离子比例等方法系统研究了该区的浅层地下水化学特征及盐化机理。结果表明,水化学参数Cl-、HCO3-和Ca2+离子浓度较高,而Mg2+、K+离子浓度很低,研究区硝酸盐污染严重,平均离子浓度高达172.88 mg/L,为劣五类水质;Cl-、SO42-、Na+和K+的离子浓度变异系数较大,是随环境变化的敏感因子,是决定地下水盐化的主要变量;该区地下水中Ca2+、Mg2+和Cl-占主要优势,地下水化学类型复杂,按阳离子主要划分为Ca、Ca·Mg(Ca·Mg·Na)、Ca·Na(Ca·Na·Mg)及Na·Ca型水;按阴离子主要有Cl、Cl·HCO3(HCO3·Cl)、HCO·Cl·SO4(Cl·HCO3·SO4)、Cl·SO4、Cl·SO4·HCO3以及HCO3·SO4·Cl(SO4·HCO3·Cl)型水;TDS质量浓度呈现显著的空间结构性特征,表现为从中部向两侧浓度逐渐升高,由海向陆TDS质量浓度逐渐降低,南部TDS质量浓度要显著大于北部;蒸发沉积、溶滤、阳离子交换作用以及人类活动的影响是浅层地下水盐化的主要控制因素;岩盐、白云石、方解石以及石膏等矿物是地下水常规离子的主要物源。 相似文献
2.
大沽河下游地区存在大面积咸水体,为了查明咸水体盐分的来源,揭示地下水咸化机理,于2017年4、8和10月在大沽河下游地区采集地下水样品,对其进行研究。现场原位监测地下水的水位、水温、电导率和总溶解性固体等,并采集水样进行主要水化学离子测定。用数理统计法、吉布斯图解法、主要水化学离子比值法以及卤族元素比值法对地下水样进行综合分析,分析地下水化学分布特征,识别出地下咸水的盐分来源;并结合古地理、地质和水文地质资料,研究其咸水形成机理。结果表明:(1)研究区由西北向东南方向,TDS和Cl浓度均逐渐升高,水质由淡水逐渐向盐水转化,地下水的优势阴离子类型沿着HCO_3型→HCO_3·Cl型→Cl·HCO_3型→Cl型变化,大部分地区的阳离子以Na~+占主导地位。(2)研究区内地下淡水受到岩石风化-溶滤和蒸发浓缩的共同影响,地下咸水的形成主要受到与海水的混合作用控制,还受到阳离子的交换吸附和矿物溶解作用的影响。(3)综合Br/Cl和I含量,证实了研究区存在着海相沉积地层的溶解作用,这是研究区东南部地下咸水的重要盐分来源。 相似文献
3.
长江干流悬浮物中元素相态组成与环境指示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
三峡水库蓄水后长江中下游干流和水库内悬浮物地球化学组成如何变化是一个重要科学问题。相态分析表明,在长江重庆至南通段干流悬浮沉积物中,不同元素在酸不溶相和酸溶相所占比例不同,且存在一定的区域变化,Ca和Mg在酸溶相中比例相当高,而Al、Fe、K、Na等元素主要赋存于酸不溶相中。长江悬浮沉积物元素组成的空间变化特征主要受流域风化物质的来源、风化程度和水动力环境控制。重金属元素组成研究显示,在三峡库区及下游地区由于受人类活动影响,Pb、Zn、Co、Cu等在悬浮沉积物中呈现明显的累积趋势。三峡水库内沉积动力环境的不均一性导致水体中元素组成的垂向变化。 相似文献
4.
通过对19个观测井2年定期、连续的水位观测,以及水质主要9种离子浓度分析,阐述了辽东湾西部沿岸海水入侵的分布特征。根据海水入侵区地下水中主要离子浓度与地下水的相关关系,总结了随着海水入侵的发展地下水化学类型的变化。地下水化学类型分为5大类型:Na+-Cl-型、Cl-.HCO3-或HCO3-.Cl-型(阳离子为Ca2+.Na+)、HCO3-.Cl-.SO42-或Cl-.HCO3-.SO42-型水(阳离子为Ca2+)、SO42-.HCO3-型(阳离子为Na+.Ca2+)、HCO3-型(阳离子为Ca2+.Na+)。该区地下水水化学类型呈带状分布,类型变化规律明显,反映了海水入侵分布特征。当淡水开采时,水位降深越大,微咸水入侵强度越大。控制淡水开采是防止微咸水入侵的主要措施。 相似文献
5.
黄河三角洲浅层地下水化学特征与演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2009年4月~2010年3月连续2年对黄河三角洲19口地下水监测井进行观测并对地下水离子化学成分分析,探讨了该区域浅层地下水化学成分、水化学类型及演化规律,为揭示区域地下水环境特征和演化具有现实意义。结果表明,黄河三角洲地区地下水p H值变化较小,地下水埋深较浅且年内变化幅度为1.0~3.0 m,但矿化度和各离子差异明显,地下水以Na+、Cl–占绝对优势;矿化度较低的测井的离子浓度变幅较小,反之,矿化度高的测井离子浓度变幅较大;地下水化学类型分为氯化物型、重碳酸盐氯化物型、重碳酸盐氯化物硫酸盐型和硫酸盐重碳酸盐型四大类型,主要包括Na+-Cl–、Na+-Cl–.3HCO?、Na+-Cl–.3HCO?、Na+-Cl–.3HCO?.24SO?、Na+-3HCO?.Cl–.24SO?和Na+-24SO?.3HCO?六种子类型,氯化物型主要分布于广饶县咸水入侵区和滨海区域,重碳酸盐氯化物型主要分布于黄河三角洲保护区内,重碳酸盐氯化物硫酸盐型分布在广饶县咸水入侵区,硫酸盐重碳酸盐型主要分布在靠近黄河流路附近;根据黄河三角洲流路变迁和Gibbs模型,黄河三角洲地区水样化学组成均落在Gibbs提出的Boomerang Envelope模型右上翼,表明研究区水样化学组成主要受蒸发和沉淀作用,海水控制起次要作用,土地利用变化、灌溉、施肥等人为活动的影响亦不能忽视。 相似文献
6.
《海洋地质前沿》2017,(8)
对位于海南岛南部滨岸测井地下水进行了大小潮周日取样及其化学测试。结果显示,化学要素含量及变化特征随潮期、测井位置而变化,由于所处环境的不同,QZ2和QZ5监测井的K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)含量相近,而Mg~(2+)的差异较明显,前者平均高出后者18.82%,表明QZ2监测井受到海水入侵。QZ2、QZ5监测井阳离子以Na+、阴离子以Cl~-占优,Na~+所占平均比例为83%~85%、Cl~-为87%~88%,显示出海水的影响;QZ3监测井以HCO_3~-占优,比例为62%~63%,Ca~(2+)也占据较大优势,为淡水所控制。QZ2、QZ5监测井SAR依次为57.95~63.24、57.20~63.13,QZ3监测井为2.17~4.42,前两者明显要高很多。QZ2、QZ5监测井地下水盐碱化风险程度很高,QZ3为一般。 相似文献
7.
作者采用水化学演化图（hydrochemical facies evolution diagram,HFE-D）和海水入侵地下水质量指数（GQISWI）对山东威海文登区地下水的化学演化和海水入侵情况进行了分析。Piper图的结果表明文登区从北到南地下水的化学组成分别是Ca-HCO3、Ca-Mg-Cl、Na-Cl。HFE-D表明沿海地区的含水层中海水占主导地位,并且地下淡水补给不足,无明显淡化趋势;内陆地区含水层中的淡水多数处于海水侵入期,有咸化趋势。运用GQISWI、地理信息系统和空间插值法结合,得到了文登区浅层海水入侵现状图。另外,作者考虑渗透系数对离子浓度的影响,运用反距离加权插值算法并结合渗透系数分析了文登区浅层地下水海水入侵程度。结果表明文登沿海地区已经发生了极其严重的海水入侵现象,结合HFED可知咸水有向内陆继续扩散的趋势。研究结果对文登区地下水资源的利用和海水入侵的防治具有重要意义。另外本文是HFE-D和GQISWI在国内文献中的首次应用,为国内其他地区的海水入侵评价提供了参考。 相似文献
8.
9.
基于黄河三角洲地区3个站位的1小时一次的浅层地下水位连续观测记录,将浅层地下水位与同时期ERA5高分辨率再分析实际蒸发量数据结合,并联合潮位、降水量和径流量等数据,通过快速傅里叶变换、时序分析等方法,分析并阐明了黄河三角洲地区浅层地下水位变化的特征及机制。结果表明：（1）不同的沉积环境导致了浅层地下水位整体变化的差异。表层沉积物渗透性相对较强区域,浅层地下水位波动剧烈;而表层沉积物透水性较差地区,浅层地下水位在6月中上旬存在低谷,但总体相对稳定;（2）潮汐对黄河三角洲浅层地下水位在水平方向的影响范围至少可达7km,但不超过15km。在其影响区域内,浅层地下水位波动滞后于潮汐的时间存在年内变化,分为两个时间上持续各6个月的区间,二者数值相差约12h;（3）降水量与实际蒸发量是黄河三角洲浅层地下水位升降最主要的影响因素。此外,农业活动也对浅层地下水位的变化有一定影响。对黄河三角洲浅层地下水位变化规律研究,能够为本地区土地盐碱化、海水入侵灾害防治与生态保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
10.
莱州湾南岸平原地下水化学特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用2009年莱州湾南岸地下水最新监测数据,将研究区地下水淡水区、微咸水区、咸盐水区和卤水区进行经典统计分析、相关分析、等值线图和Piper三线图绘制,阐述了水化学类型和成分特征从南往北的变化:EC、TDS、Na+、K+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-的平均浓度从南部淡水到北部卤水呈现逐渐增大趋势,因为在卤水区普遍发生碳酸钙沉淀,Ca2+和HCO3-则在咸盐水区浓度达最高;pH值从淡水到卤水呈现从弱碱性到弱酸性的转变;从淡水区向卤水区地下水化学组分阴离子由HCO3-为主变为Cl-为主,阳离子由Ca2+为主变为Na+为主;此外河流对地下水起到淡化和冲刷的作用。主成分分析法提取了水化学3个主成分,分别代表了地下水盐化指标、生物化学作用和碳酸钙沉淀。进一步结合系数比值法和饱和指数计算,在对本区水文、地质以及离子水文地球化学特性分析基础上,指出地下卤水阴阳离子中占绝对优势的Cl-、SO42-、Na+、Mg2+的毫克当量百分数与正常海水的值非常相近而与地下淡水的值相差甚远,反映出本区地下卤水起源于古海水,为沉积海水。此外卤水绝非海水简单浓缩的产物,其间还包括复杂的水化学变质过程及后期演化如矿物沉淀、阳离子交换(K+-Ca2+;Na+-Ca2)+、去白云岩化作用和硅酸盐蚀变等。饱和指数的计算表明石膏在卤水矿化度达100 g/L之后才开始缓慢沉淀,而文石、方解石和白云石基本一直处于饱和沉淀状态,且文石和方解石的饱和指数散点分布极为相似,说明两者可能同时发生沉淀。 相似文献
11.
内蒙孪井灌区土壤盐分运移规律分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
研究了孪井灌区典型地段包气带土层可溶盐分在灌溉前后的变化,分析了灌溉水和土壤水盐分动态特征,并在室内进行了不同类型土壤的淋滤试验。结果表明引黄灌溉是使土壤脱盐的过程,尤其是灌溉初期,土壤脱盐非常明显。灌溉洗盐与包气带岩性和灌水量有关,砂壤土较黏砂土易脱盐,土壤初始含盐量越大,灌溉量越大,土壤脱盐量就越大。 相似文献
12.
根据内蒙古孪井滩灌区的自然地理、地质和水文地质条件,在室内外模拟试验的基础上,利用VS2DT模型对灌溉入渗水的运移进行了模拟,计算了现有灌溉量下的渗漏量,提出了灌区春小麦和夏玉米的节水灌溉模式。春小麦第一次灌溉的节水灌溉量为150 mm,第二次灌水的节水灌溉量为97.5 mm,以后4次灌水的灌溉量在60~75 mm之间。夏玉米第一次灌水的灌溉量也以150 mm为宜,以后5次灌溉量分别以127.5 mm,90.0 mm,97.5 mm,82.5 mm及67.5 mm为宜。此灌溉模式不仅能够节约水资源,而且能够防止土壤次生盐渍化的发展。 相似文献
13.
漫灌条件下内蒙孪井灌区土壤水分动态变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据内蒙孪井灌区土壤水分观测资料,本文讨论了漫灌条件下该区土壤水分的动态变化规律.由于观测期间降雨对该区影响很小,主要分析了春灌期、灌溉间隔期和作物生长期土壤水分的变化特点.春灌期,灌溉水主要补给上层砂壤土,对下层土壤的补给相对较小;经过2次灌溉过后,土壤含水率不断升高.就蓄水能力而言,粘砂土的蓄水能力最强,砂壤土次之,灌水后水分主要滞留在这2层.结合灌溉渗漏量分析,研究认为,该区灌溉模式使得灌溉渗漏量较大,造成水资源浪费的同时还会引起地下水位上升,致使灌区下游土壤次生盐渍化加重.因此,采用灌溉量较小的喷灌、滴灌等方式,可以避免产生深层渗漏,节约水资源. 相似文献
14.
内蒙孪井灌区地下水数值模拟及土壤盐渍化分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
系统分析了内蒙孪井灌区的水文地质条件和包气带水文地质特征，概化出该区水文地质概念模型。在典型地段对不同作物进行了大量的野外灌溉入渗试验，确定了灌溉渗漏量；通过抽水试验，确定了该区的水文地质参数；利用长观资料。建立了该区地下水的数值模拟模型并利用该模型预报了现状、规划和下游排水3种条件下地下水的变化趋势。研究表明：该区随灌溉面积的扩大，地下水位上升迅速，灌区下游水位将超过临界埋深，从而引起土壤次生盐渍化。 相似文献
15.
造纸废水灌溉对芦苇湿地微生物的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解造纸废水灌溉对滨海芦苇湿地的影响,测定了几种灌溉条件下湿地基质中微生物数量、微生物量碳/总有机碳(MBC/ TOC)和土壤有效硫等指标.结果表明:造纸废水灌溉能显著提高基质中微生物数量和活性,且受季节影响较明显,一般在9月份最高;微生物数量在基质内垂直分布为上层>下层,特别是放线菌、真菌;反硝化细菌与土壤TN,纤维素分解菌与废水COD去除率,及MBC/TOC与基质呼吸强度相关性较好;硫酸盐还原细菌数量在10月份以后激增,使基质变黑,但对芦苇根系影响较小.废水灌溉能改良滨海盐碱土壤,促进退化生态系统的修复,但不同灌溉模式对微生物种群组成的影响不同,推荐采用间歇灌溉(w4)或低水深恒流灌溉(w1)模式. 相似文献
16.
Abstract. Irrigation and bioturbation lead to transport of dissolved oxygen into anoxic sediments. The depthdistribution of local oxygen input and the total time of oxygen presence was measured at randomly sampled locations within anoxic sediments, originating from the North Sea.
In the laboratory, continuous redox potential records, displaying a transient increase and decrease when in contact with oxygen for a limited time, were used to record oxidation events'. Oxygen microelectrodes were used to confm the presence of oxygen. Measurements were performed for 180 d at 230 locations in the top 6 cm of sediment cores containing the natural macrofauna community.
4783 oxidation events m-2 · d-1 were recorded within the upper 6 cm of the sediment. The number and duration of oxidation events declined with sediment depth below the oxic zone. Oxygen was present in the anoxic sediment, as determined from redox potential measurements, ≥ 6 h per day at 10% of the randomly chosen locations within the upper 3 cm. The overall distribution of oxidation events and their duration suggest that local, pulsed additions of oxygen by irrigation may be sufficient to maintain an oxidised sediment layer ( sensu J orgensen amp; R evsbech , 1989). Oxic environments along burrow walls rapidly fluctuate between oxic and anoxic conditions. Using oxygen microelectrodes the presence of oxygen (oxic conditions) in these halos was found to range from 2 to 12 h per day. Continuous redox measurements show that oxidised conditions fluctuate with the oxygen pulses and display the same durations, although these may range up to 21 h per day. Oxic and oxidised sediment volumes are estimated to represent < 1% and 3.7%. respectively, of the anoxic sediment to 6 cm depth. Recognition of temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity of sedimentary conditions may prove valuable for future conclusions drawn in other research fields. 相似文献
In the laboratory, continuous redox potential records, displaying a transient increase and decrease when in contact with oxygen for a limited time, were used to record oxidation events'. Oxygen microelectrodes were used to confm the presence of oxygen. Measurements were performed for 180 d at 230 locations in the top 6 cm of sediment cores containing the natural macrofauna community.
4783 oxidation events m
17.
In situ 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1999,49(6):813
Laboratory and in situ experiments were performed to assess the use of bromide as a tracer forin situ studies of benthic solute exchange. Bromide was used in the benthic chamber lander ‘ Elinor ’ for flux measurements in coastal sediments of the German Bight, Kiel Bight and Skagerrak (28–700 m water depth). Tracer and total oxygen uptake were monitored simultaneously in the same chamber incubation. Concurrently, in situ oxygen micro-profiles were recorded at the same locations by the profiling lander ‘ Profilur ’. Deployment in an anoxic silt (Kiel Bight) confirmed that in the absence of bioturbation and advection, tracer transport into the sediment was driven solely by molecular diffusion. This flux could be well described by a simple box model accounting for molecular diffusion only. In oxic sediments (German Bight and Skagerrak) enhanced exchange of bromide tracer due to bioirrigation parallelled enhanced oxygen uptake equivalent to a 4-fold molecular diffusive flux. Our experiments showed that incubations can be short. Depending on irrigation activity of the fauna, however, incubation length should exceed 3 h in order to provide a useful data base for flux calculations. The method demonstrating caveats is discussed and indicate possible improvements. The results show how the bromide tracer addition can be used as a tool for determining solute fluxes exceeding diffusive flux in benthic chamber incubations. 相似文献
18.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
19.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
20.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献