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1.
影响长江口区热带气旋的特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据 1979—2002年大戢山和引水船的观测资料,结合西北太平洋热带气旋年鉴资料,统计和分析了热带气旋对长江口区的影响规律,统计结果显示,在近 24 a中,热带气旋年均有 2.0个,通常出现在6— 10月期间,以 月份最多,发生频数为 8 45.8 %;严重影响长江口区的热带气旋年均只有 0.3 个,有60 %集中在 月份,都属海上转向型;影响长江口的热带气旋源区 8 90 % 位于菲律宾和琉球群岛以东洋面,且有超过一半生成于10°N ~ 20°N;影响长江口区热带气旋次数存在 4 ~ 6 a 的小周期波动和 10 a 左右的周期变化,并且在厄尔尼诺年的影响次数较反厄尔尼诺年少。  相似文献   

2.
利用1949—2019年中国台风网资料,对登陆中国的热带气旋进行统计,分析了其主要气候特征及灾害成因。结果表明:近71年来在西北太平洋地区共生成热带气旋2 333个,其中登陆我国的有636个,占生成总数的27.3%;平均每年生成热带气旋33个,在我国登陆的有9个,登陆数量的年际差异明显,最多年份达15个,最少的年份仅为4个,近71年来登陆热带气旋呈逐年减少趋势;按年代统计分析,20世纪50、60年代最多,均为97个; 90年代以后陆续减少,2010年以来达到最低,仅80个; 21世纪以来登陆我国的热带气旋数量虽然下降趋势明显,但活跃时间段在延长:近71年来最早登陆和最晚登陆热带气旋均出现在21世纪;登陆时段趋于集中,高频期出现在7—9月,其中8月份最多,约占全年总数的28.5%;登陆地点趋于集中,首次登陆点集中在广东、海南、台湾地区,其中广东最多,占登陆总数的34.6%;大风、暴雨、风暴潮是热带气旋灾害的主要因子,若遇天文大潮,则潮灾不容忽视。  相似文献   

3.
登陆或经过广西沿海的热带气旋是一种严重的自然灾害,每年热带气旋所伴随的大风、大雨、风暴潮等灾害造成沿海地区严重的财产损失或人员伤亡。通过对1950~2012年影响广西沿海的热带气旋的统计分析发现,影响广西沿海的热带气旋数量年际变化明显,最多的年份达9个,最少的年份为0个;热带气旋季节分布具有明显规律性,每年的7、8、9三个月为影响高峰月,其次为6、10月;热带气旋从菲律宾以东洋面进入南海后穿过海南省和雷州半岛再次登陆广西沿海的次数最多,该类热带气旋引起的风暴增水平均值为111.2 cm,到达非登陆台风增水的2.6倍。风暴潮灾害的形成与强台风天气系统、全日大潮、河流下泄洪水直接有关。强台风产生巨浪及降雨,使入海河口水位上升,与风暴潮叠加后产生明显的增水,造成巨大的潮灾。  相似文献   

4.
统计分析了近50 a(1949~1998年)厄尔尼诺(ELNINO)事件以及我国东南沿海热带气旋历史资料,得出了厄尔尼诺(ELNINO)事件与我国东南沿海热带气旋的活动频数、移动路径、强度以及相关灾害的关系。  相似文献   

5.
利用1953 ~2012年热带气旋资料、浙江大风实况资料和地面高空图资料,对60a来影响浙江的热带气旋大风进行统计分析;将热带气旋移动路径分为7种类型进行讨论,分析各种路径的热带气旋所产生极大风速的分布特征和强度特征.结果表明:1953 ~ 2012年60 a中影响浙江的热带气旋共有279个,平均每年影响浙江的热带气旋有4.7个,产生8级以上和12级以上大风分别有4.3个和1.9个,造成浙江大风的热带气旋主要发生在7~9月,占80%;登陆热带气旋产生的极大风速与近中心最大风速正相关,且产生的极大风速常比其近中心最大风速大;12级以上大风出现概率较大的依次是登陆浙江沿海、在浙闽边界到厦门之间沿海登陆、近海北上转向、在浙沪边界到鲁辽边界之间沿海登陆的热带气旋.对热带气旋产生大风时的高低空环流形势进行分析,发现副热带高压、大陆高压、地面冷高压常对浙江热带气旋大风有增幅作用.因此,热带气旋大风的预报,除考虑热带气旋自身因素外,也要考虑多系统之间的相互作用.  相似文献   

6.
西北太平洋是全球热带气旋生成频数最多的区域,相较于夏季热带气旋,对于秋季热带气旋的研究相对较少。随着2000年后登陆我国的秋季热带气旋中超强台风的比例逐渐增多,并对我国造成严重的灾害,秋季热带气旋的研究受到越来越多的关注。对西北太平洋秋季热带气旋的研究进展进行回顾和总结,主要包括秋季西北太平洋上热带气旋的活动特征、影响因子以及登陆我国热带气旋的特征与影响等3方面,并对研究秋季热带气旋的未来方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

7.
近50年登陆我国热带气旋时空特征及对农业影响研究综述   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
文章回顾并总结了近50年登陆我国热带气旋时空特征,并基于农业气象观测资料和部门数据信息初步探讨了登陆我国热带气旋对农业影响的时空特征。近50年登陆我国热带气旋登陆区域呈现出更为集中的趋势,年平均登陆强度、强台风数量均呈增加趋势;登陆频次华南呈减少趋势,华东则变化不明显;北上热带气旋略有上升趋势。我国受热带气旋影响地区的热带气旋降水大部呈波动下降的趋势;热带气旋平均风速最大值在全国呈现降低趋势。热带气旋暴雨和大风对农业的影响主要造成农田洪涝灾害、"雨洗禾花"、水土流失和耕地质量下降、作物倒伏和机械损伤等,其中农田洪涝灾害最重。我国农业生产受热带气旋影响存在较明显时空特征。秋季主要受影响区域为华南、江南东南部,大宗作物中晚稻受影响最大。盛夏受影响区域更为广泛,华南南部和东部、江南东部、江淮东部等地沿海受影响最重,南方受影响较大的大宗作物是早稻,其次为晚稻和一季稻等;盛夏季节热带气旋在带来暴雨洪涝和大风灾害的同时,也减少了南方盛夏季节性高温和干旱的发生;盛夏北上热带气旋因其带来的充沛降水对农业影响总体利大于弊。从农业生产防灾减灾的长效机制角度,在大数据基础上深入研究热带气旋对我国农业影响时空分布规律,积极发展避灾农业相关技术,是未来工作的重要方面。  相似文献   

8.
利用国家气象局编制的《热带气旋年鉴》和南海舰队海洋水文气象中心的天气图1981—2000年共20a资料,对影响湛江的热带气旋进行分析得出:(1)影响湛江热带气旋按其带来的不同风雨天气可分成4种类型:强型、弱型、风型和雨型;(2)影响湛江热带气旋的42.3%为弱型,其所带来的灾害天气并不明显,有危害性的为强型、风型和雨型;(3)影响湛江热带气旋的源地、出现月份、强度及移速与其分型有一定关系;(4)湛江历史上出现的大海潮,都是移速较快的风型和强型西太平洋台风在7月和9月造成的。  相似文献   

9.
近年来,海浪灾害是威胁近海民众生命安全最为突出的海洋灾害,对我国造成的经济损失有整体上升的趋势。基于31 a(1986-2016年)汕尾市观测站的热带气旋影响期间白天的海浪数据,本文定义并提取了31次灾害性海浪(1/10大波波高≥4 m)事件。在灾害性海浪发生时,热带气旋主要位于观测站点的西侧(115.57°E以西)。31次灾害性海浪事件集中发生于6-9月;其中,虽然6月份影响研究海域的热带气旋数量相对较少,但引发灾害性海浪的概率约是7-9月份的两倍。有26个热带气旋生成于121°E以东的西太平洋海域,且移动路径相对较集中:途经吕宋海峡(16°-22°N)的热带气旋总数为25个,其中22个热带气旋途经16°-20°N之间,是最为重要的通道。途经此处的热带气旋在汕尾海域引发灾害性海浪的估算概率约为25%-50%。本研究可为汕尾市灾害性海浪的预警报和防灾减灾提供重要的参考。  相似文献   

10.
根据1949-2017年广东省登陆热带气旋最佳路径数据以及1994-2016年广东省重大热带气旋灾害资料,对登陆广东省热带气旋的时空分布特征及其影响进行了统计分析。结果表明:广东省登陆热带气旋频数的年际变化明显,总体上呈下降趋势。7-9月是广东省热带气旋登陆的高频期,登陆地点主要集中在湛江、汕尾、阳江、江门。登陆广东省的热带气旋主要来自南海北部和菲律宾以东洋面;其中登陆最多的是强热带风暴,其次是热带风暴和台风。  相似文献   

11.
INTRODUCTIONSincetheTOGA-COARElOP(October1992--March1993),usingthelOPdatamanyscientistshaveanalyzedthedifferenttimescaleair-seainteractionduringoccurringanddevelopingperiodof1992/1993EINifio,andespeciallyemphasizedtheintraseasonalvariation(Wuetal.,1993;Liu,1993;WuandSheng,1993).ThishasgottenanewunderstandingoftheEINino*ThisworkissupportedbytheNationalKeyProjectStudiesonShort-rangeClimatePredictionSysteminChinaundercontractNo.96--908-04-02--2.1.FirstinstituteofOceanography,S…  相似文献   

12.
In this paper, using Holland's method, the effect of the horizontal structure of tropical cyclones on their motion is investigated. The "characteristic radius", r0 characterized as the horizontal structure of a tropical cyclone,in which m and p are the parameters of the vortex, has been found by the author. And then it has been shown that there is but one "characteristic radius" for each cyclone with horizontal structure. Two direct analytic solutions for the uniform and non-uniform basic flows in steady situations are presented with rc Results show that the change in the horizontal structure of the tropical cyclone itself will have obvious effect on the cyclone motion, on both its direction and speed. Therefore it must be considered in the research on the tropical cyclone motion.  相似文献   

13.
1949-2017年南海海域热带气旋强度和路径快速变化统计特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为进一步认识南海地区热带气旋强度和路径快速变化的统计特征,利用中国气象局上海台风研究所整编的1949–2017年的热带气旋最佳路径数据集,统计分析了不同强度等级热带气旋发生强度和路径快速变化的特征。结果表明:(1)由强热带风暴快速加强为台风、以及由台风快速加强为强台风是热带气旋强度快速加强发生频率最多的事件;强度快速加强次数以1次居多,一般不会超过2次;但大部分途经南海的热带气旋出现快速加强时都在南海以外的地区,在南海出现快速加强的概率仅为9.8%。(2)不同强度的热带气旋,其强度的维持时间长短对其强度快速加强有重要影响,一般在该强度的前24 h是快速加强的最佳阶段,当其中心气压下降速度超过?12.0 hPa/(6 h)时容易出现台风级别或以上的强度快速加强,且热带气旋快速加强容易出现在海温偏高地区。(3)南海地区热带气旋路径的偏转主要出现在西行路径中,其中以5°~30°的偏转为最常见,占到全部热带气旋总数的48.65%,不过,按照定义的路径快速转向标准,路径快速转向的概率仅有15.13%。随着热带气旋强度的增强,南海地区发生路径快速转向的频次迅速减少,路径快速转向主要出现在近海岸地区和南海中北部偏东区域。这些结果进一步细化和丰富了对南海地区热带气旋强度和路径快速变化的认识。  相似文献   

14.
热带西太平洋暖池异常东伸与热带东太平洋增温   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
本文利用“Climate Diagnostics Bulletin”、“Oceanographic Monthly Summary”、美国夏威夷水位中心提供的资料以及TOGA-COAREIOP资料,分析了1992~1993厄尔尼诺事件中西太平洋暖池、东太平洋SST对异常风场的响应,结果指出:由于西风暴发而引起的西太平洋暖水向东输送,不仅导致西太平详水位降低,而且导致温跃层显着升高,进而引起上层海水热含量显着减少,这种减少在温跃层更为明显.东太平洋与此相反,热含量与温跃层深度出现正距平,正距平中心出现时间比西太平洋的负距平均晚两个月;暖池28℃等温线的异常东伸是海流对低空西风异常直接响应的结果,定量估算表明,纬向流异常所引起的温度平流是暖池28℃等温线异常东伸的主要动力,是热带东太平洋异常增温的主要原因之一.  相似文献   

15.
Atmospheric forcing of the eastern tropical Pacific: A review   总被引:1,自引:8,他引:1  
The increase in marine, land surface, atmospheric and satellite data during recent decades has led to an improved understanding of the air–sea interaction processes in the eastern tropical Pacific. This is also thanks to extensive diagnoses from conceptual and coupled ocean–atmosphere numerical models. In this paper, mean fields of atmospheric variables, such as incoming solar radiation, sea level pressure, winds, wind stress curl, precipitation, evaporation, and surface energy fluxes, are derived from global atmospheric data sets in order to examine the dominant features of the low level atmospheric circulations of the region. The seasonal march of the atmospheric circulations is presented to depict the role of radiative forcing on atmospheric perturbations, especially those dominating the atmosphere at low levels.In the tropics, the trade winds constitute an important north–south energy and moisture exchange mechanism (as part of the low level branch of the Hadley circulation), that determines to a large extent the precipitation distribution in the region, i.e., that associated with the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Monsoonal circulations also play an important role in determining the warm season precipitation distribution over the eastern tropical Pacific through a large variety of air–sea–land interaction mechanisms. Westward traveling waves, tropical cyclones, low latitude cold air intrusions, and other synoptic and mesoscale perturbations associated with the ITCZ are also important elements that modulate the annual rainfall cycle. The low-level jets of the Gulf of California, the Intra-Americas Sea (Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) and Chocó, Colombia are prominent features of the eastern tropical Pacific low-level circulations related to sub-regional and regional scale precipitation patterns. Observations show that the Intra-Americas Low-Level Jet intensity varies with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases, however its origin and role in the westward propagation and development of disturbances that may hit the eastern tropical Pacific, such as easterly waves and tropical cyclones, are still unclear. Changes in the intensity of the trade winds in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico (associated with eastern tropical Pacific wind jets) exert an important control on precipitation by means of wind–topography interactions. Gaps in the mountains of southern Mexico and Central America allow strong wind jets to pass over the continent imprinting a unique signal in sea surface temperatures and ocean dynamics of the eastern tropical Pacific.The warm pools of the Americas constitute an important source of moisture for the North American Monsoon System. The northeastern tropical Pacific is a region of intense cyclogenetic activity, just west of the coast of Mesoamerica. Over the oceanic regions, large-scale properties of key variables such as precipitation, moisture, surface energy fluxes and wind stress curl are still uncertain, which inhibits a more comprehensive view of the region and stresses the importance of regional field experiments. Progress has been substantial in the understanding of the ocean and atmospheric dynamics of the eastern tropical Pacific, however, recent observational evidence such as that of a shallow meridional circulation cell in that region, in contrast to the classic concept of the Hadley-type deep meridional circulation, suggests that more in situ observations to validate theories are still necessary.This paper is part of a comprehensive review of the oceanography of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.  相似文献   

16.
In this study, we use existing observational datasets to evaluate 20th century climate simulations of the tropical Pacific. The emphasis of our work is decadal variability of the shallow meridional overturning circulation, which links the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean. In observations, this circulation is characterized by equatorward geostrophic volume transport convergence in the interior ocean pycnocline across 9°N and 9°S. Historical hydrographic data indicate that there has been a decreasing trend in this convergence over the period 1953–2001 of about 11 Sverdrup (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1), with maximum decade-to-decade variations of 7–11 Sv. The transport time series is highly anti-correlated with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, implying that variations in meridional overturning circulation are directly linked to decadal variability and trends in tropical SST. These relationships are explored in 18 model simulations of 20th century climate from 14 state-of-the-art coupled climate models. Significant correlation exists between meridional volume transport convergence and tropical SST in the majority of the models over the last half century. However, the magnitude of transport variability on decadal time scales in the models is underestimated while at the same time modeled SST variations are more sensitive to that transport variability than in the observations. The effects of the meridional overturning circulation on SST trends in most the models is less clear. Most models show no trend in meridional transport convergence and underestimate the trend in eastern tropical Pacific SST. The eddy permitting MIROCH model is the only model that reasonably reproduces the observed trends in transport convergence, tropical Pacific SST, and SST gradient along the equator over the last half century. If the observed trends and those simulated in the MIROCH model are ultimately related to greenhouse gas forcing, these results suggest that the Bjerknes feedback, by affecting pycnocline transport convergences, may enhance warming that arises from anthropogenic forcing in the eastern tropical Pacific.  相似文献   

17.
本文选取ECMWF ORAS4再分析数据对1959-2015年热带太平洋海平面的低频变化进行了分析。热带太平洋海平面年际变化第一模态反映了ENSO爆发阶段的海平面变化,热带东、西太平洋变化反相,其时间序列与Niño3.4指数高度相关。海平面第二模态则体现了El Niño爆发前后热带太平洋暖水的输运过程。El Niño爆发前热带西太平洋暖水聚集的位置,以及爆发后暖水向赤道外输运的位置在两类El Niño事件中均有所不同。此外,ENSO的周期在近半个世纪发生了显著的年代际变化,这一变化与热带太平洋的年代际变化有关。热带太平洋的年代际变化对海平面趋势变化也有着显著的影响。卫星高度计观测到的近20年海平面的快速上升(下降)正是由20世纪90年代后热带太平洋频繁的位相转换引起的。  相似文献   

18.
Interdecadal Pacific variability (IPV) is commonly observed in both the tropical and mid-latitude Pacific Ocean, and has a widespread influence on surface climate in the Pan-Pacific Basin. This variability is recorded by climate proxies such as geochemical parameters preserved in corals. However, the origins of IPV remain uncertain. To shed light on this, interdecadal variations in two long coral δ18O records from Nauru Island and the South China Sea (SCS), respectively located in the tropical Pacific and the mid-latitude North Pacific Ocean, were investigated. The interdecadal fluctuations in the δ18O series from Nauru Island (tropical Pacific) match those of the NINO3.4 index reasonably well (r=–0.30, n=96, p=0.0015), but are not correlated with those of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) index (r=–0.17, n=96, p=0.05). The δ18O time series from the SCS (northwestern Pacific), by contrast, co-vary with the PDO index (r=–0.30, n=156, p=0.0007), but are out of phase with the NINO3.4 index at the interdecadal timescale (r=0.04, n=156, p=0.31). The impact on the interdecadal variability of processes occurring outside the growth region of corals is generally weak. The results thus do not support a tropical origin of IPV, but demonstrate that the interdecadal variability in the tropical Pacific and the North Pacific originates predominantly from local coupled ocean–atmosphere processes within these regions. The results also suggest that tropical–extratropical interactions played a role in IPV between 1920 and 1940, which indicates that IPV is a complex climatic phenomenon that involves multiple forcing mechanisms.  相似文献   

19.
利用印度气象局(India Meteorological Department,IMD)、国际气候管理最佳路径档案库(International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship,IBTrACS)提供的1982—2020年阿拉伯海热带气旋路径资料,美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)再分析资料,对近39 a阿拉伯海热带气旋源地和路径特征、活跃区域、频数及气旋累积能量(accumulated cyclone energy,ACE)指数的季节特征和年际变化特征进行分析,并结合环境因素,说明其物理成因。结果表明:阿拉伯海热带气旋多发于10°~25°N,65°~75°E海域,5—6月、9—12月发生频数较高且强度较强,1—4月、7—8月发生频数较低且气旋近中心最大风速均小于35 kn;频数的季节变化主要受控于垂直风切变要素;阿拉伯海热带气旋发生频数和ACE近年有上升趋势,年际变化主要受控于海面温度(sea surface temperature,SST)和850 hPa相对湿度要素。  相似文献   

20.
利用日本气象厅"best track data"热带气旋数据、QuikSCAT(Quick Scatterometer)卫星风场数据和SCUD(Surface Currents from a Diagnostic model)表层流场数据,估算了热带气旋对南海表层流和波浪的能量输入。结果显示,由于热带气旋基本都位于南海中北部,热带气旋对表层流和波浪的能量输入也集中在南海中北部;能量输入最大的月份均在8月和11月,而在9月对总能量输入贡献最大。5~12月,热带气旋对南海表层流的能量输入为1.26GW,占风对表层流总能量输入的9.87%;热带气旋对表层波浪的能量输入为11.60GW,占风对表层波浪总能量输入的5.42%。如果只考虑10°N以北区域,则热带气旋对表层流和波浪能量输入的贡献分别达到11.29%和6.87%。  相似文献   

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