首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
径潮相互作用是感潮河段水动力变化的典型特征,受其影响潮波传播具有明显的洪枯季及沿程变化。本文基于长江感潮河段天生港、江阴、镇江、南京、马鞍山及芜湖6个潮位站2002?2014年连续高低潮位资料及大通站月均流量数据,统计分析长江感潮河段潮波振幅衰减率、潮波传播速度及余水位坡度等传播特征值的洪枯季及沿程变化特征,并探讨这些潮波传播特征的变化规律及其主要影响因素。结果表明,潮波传播特征的洪枯季差异自上游至下游逐渐减小,其分界点位于天生港与江阴之间(其中,天生港和江阴站的多年平均洪枯季潮差差值约为0.01 m和?0.04 m);径流动力对潮波衰减的影响主要位于江阴以上河段,江阴以下河段主要受潮汐动力控制;径流驱动下余水位坡度引起的余水位及水深增加,导致潮波传播的有效摩擦减小,当流量超过某个阈值时潮波振幅衰减反而减弱,特别是上游马鞍山-芜湖段最为明显,统计结果表明该河段流量阈值约为33 000 m3/s。本文分析结果作为前人研究的重要补充,可为长江河口感潮河段径潮相互作用机制研究及河口治理等提供基础参考。  相似文献   

2.
古俊豪  蔡华阳  杨昊  李博 《海洋学报》2022,44(12):31-41
河口回水区长度的时空演变对防洪、供水、航运等水资源高效开发利用具有重要指导意义。本文在经典河流回水理论的基础上考虑潮汐动力的影响,聚焦潮汐动力引起的回水效应问题,基于一维水动力解析模型,重新定义河口回水区上游界限(回水界),并以长江河口为例,探讨河口回水动力演变过程及其影响机制。结果表明:回水界距天生港的距离(即回水区长度)与上游流量、外海边界振幅分别具有显著的负相关和正相关关系,且基本为线性关系;回水界对径潮动力的响应比潮区界更为敏感,能有效表征河口感潮河段径潮动力格局演变;长江河口回水界位置具有明显的季节性差异,其春季和秋季回水界位于芜湖附近(春季和秋季分别距天生港419 km和367 km),冬季回水界位于感潮河段以上区域,夏季潮汐动力引起的回水效应基本可忽略;长江河口潮流因子和径潮相互作用因子控制的余水位梯度的季节性变化,是长江河口回水界位置变动的主导因素。  相似文献   

3.
三峡大坝运行和海平面上升对河口水文动力变化的影响广受国内外关注。本文选取长江感潮河段沿程6个站(芜湖、马鞍山、南京、镇江、江阴和天生港) 1963-1985年(其中1970年和1971年数据缺失)和2003-2013年(其中2008年和2012年数据缺失)共30个年份的1月和7月的月均高潮位资料,以及相应月份上游大通站的流量(1950-2013年)、长江河口吴淞站潮位资料,通过肯德尔趋势分析、回归分析和偏相关分析等方法研究长江感潮河段潮位变化规律和影响因素。结果表明,三峡建坝后:(1)枯季流量和海平面的增加,导致上下段(以江阴为界)的潮位分别上升了0.33 m和0.20 m;洪季流量减少和海平面增加,导致上段潮位减小0.19 m、下段潮位增加0.04 m。(2)感潮河段洪季海平面与潮位回归方程的斜率均增加,表现为建坝后洪季洪涝灾害增加。(3)上下段流量和海平面对潮位贡献率的显著变化是导致上下段潮位呈现不同演变趋势的主要原因。  相似文献   

4.
长江干流江苏段地处长江下游河口地区,全线位于感潮河段,沿程水位既受上游长江径流、外海潮位、台风的影响,也受到工情变化、支流入汇等影响。长江江苏段现行洪潮设计水位是按《长江流域综合利用规划简要报告》(1990年)中确定的无台风影响水位实施。近年来,由于上游水、沙、工情条件变化,开展上游大通径流、风暴潮、区间入汇等对沿程洪潮水位的影响研究十分必要。建立大通至长江口二维水沙数学模型与外海风暴潮模型,研究不同影响因素作用下长江干流江苏段沿程洪潮设计水位变化。研究成果表明:南京河段水位主要受上游径流影响;江阴以下主要受外海潮汐及风暴潮的影响;南京至江阴段则受上游径流、外海潮汐、风暴潮三者的共同作用影响。外海天文大潮、风暴潮"两碰头"和上游大径流、外海天文大潮与风暴潮"三碰头"引起的沿程增水值呈驼峰分布,最大值分别发生在江阴和天生港附近,最大增幅1.65 m。研究结果已为长江江苏段堤防防洪能力提升工程建设提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

5.
三峡水库的调蓄作用使长江中下游的径流动力发生异变,并诱使长江近口段的潮汐动力发生变化。本文基于长江近口段近20a的流量和潮位资料,运用水文学、统计学和调和分析的方法研究长江近口段的水动力特征对三峡水库调蓄作用产生的来水变异的响应。研究结果表明:三峡水库的调蓄作用使长江近口段的径流动力发生变化,泄水期1—3月多年月平均流量增幅达20%以上;蓄水期9—11月多年月平均流量减少,10月的多年平均流量减少8 488m~3/s。长江近口段径流动力的变化使潮汐动力发生相应调整,大通-江阴段保证率为10%~70%的高、低潮位显著下降,而保证率为80%~100%的高、低潮位则小幅上升。泄水期1—3月平均潮差和M_2分潮振幅减小,近口段的潮汐动力减弱;蓄水期9—11月平均潮差和M_2分潮振幅增加,尤其是10月份潮差增加最为显著,近口段潮汐作用显著增强。  相似文献   

6.
闽江感潮河段潮汐-洪水相互作用数值模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文分析了闽江感潮河段洪水、潮汐特征,利用高精度GIS数据建立了基于非结构三角网的高分辨率洪-潮耦合模型,在闽江口重点区域的网格分辨率达到50~100m。选取竹岐断面作为径流边界并基于"2006.6.6"洪水过程设计了3组数值实验,模拟结果表明:相比于只考虑洪水或者潮汐,在耦合洪水和潮汐后,各代表站的模拟值与实测值更为吻合;在30年一遇洪水的作用下,闽江感潮河段各断面的原有潮汐特征都不同程度地被洪水信号所影响,其中,文山里和解放大桥站表现出明显的洪水特征,而峡南、白岩潭和琯头站则表现出洪、潮混合特征;从峡南到琯头对应河段在高潮时段流速减小而低潮时段则流速增大,说明该河段存在很明显的洪-潮相互作用。  相似文献   

7.
长江河口盐水入侵对大通枯季径流量变化的响应时间   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
应用河口海岸三维数值模式, 计算区域包括大通至长江河口及其邻近海域, 设计高分辨率网格, 数值模拟和分析不同潮型下长江河口盐水入侵对大通径流量变化的响应时间。计算结果表明, 不同潮型期间大通径流量的增加, 河口盐度响应的时间在4.0~6.2 d之间, 但小潮期的响应时间明显长于其他潮型期的响应时间。本文给出了长江河口盐水入侵对大通枯季径流量变化的响应时间, 可为河口水文、泥沙和环境等研究中取何时径流量提供了依据。  相似文献   

8.
珠江三角洲网河区径流潮流相互作用分析   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:5  
欧素英  杨清书 《海洋学报》2004,26(1):125-131
在大量实测资料基础上采用小波分析方法对珠江三角洲网河区径流与潮汐的相互作用进行分析,得出如下结果:网河区潮差和潮位的周期变化既有典型潮汐的半日周期和全日周期以及半月周期,也有径流量的周期变化如64.8 d的周期变化,即同时具有径潮的周期变化.不同河段潮差及各分潮波振幅与径流量的大小具有明显的反相关关系,径流量越大,潮差越小,三水站潮差随流量以-0.0002的速度减小,网河区下游河段则减小得较慢.上游径流量越大,因克服径流的阻碍作用而消耗的能量越大,潮汐作用强度迅速减弱,各分潮潮波振幅和潮差沿程减小越快.随着径流量的增大,三水站潮簇D1,D2和D4的振幅明显减小,D2的振幅衰减得最快.  相似文献   

9.
长江河口潮波时空特征再分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
长江河口的潮波传播受到近岸及河口浅水地形及长江径流的显著影响,表现出很强的时空变化特征。已有相关研究主要关注徐六泾以下的河口段,还缺少对河口系统的潮波特征分析。本文基于大通、南京、徐六泾和牛皮礁4站的年内连续潮位资料,分析了主要天文分潮和浅水分潮的振幅沿程变化、季节变化特征和规律,认识到洪季大径流对江阴以上的近口段潮汐衰减作用显著大于枯季,而河口段的平均潮差有一定的半年周期变化,年内秋季最大。口内高频浅水分潮振幅在河口下段最大,且洪季大于枯季,低频浅水分潮则在河口上游振幅最大,由此反应径流对潮汐改造的非线性作用。这些认识可为水道航运及相关河口研究提供基础认识。最后本文也指出关于长江河口潮汐特征尚需进一步研究的若干问题,以期下一步工作取得相应进展。  相似文献   

10.
潮汐河段挖入式港池异重流淤积探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
盐水与泥沙异重流的基本运动特性是相类似的。文本利用盐水楔扩散问题试验研究的成果,应用到泥沙异重流受潮汐影响的扩散和淤积分析。利用紊动能量损失与扩散系数之间关系,进行潮汐河段异重流问题的研究;并求得紊动能量损失指标G/J<50,属异重流范围。又利用挖入式港地实际淤积资料与淤积计算对比分析,初步认识到异重流淤积量占总量相当大的比例,是由于落潮时无径流量而只有些潮蓄量下泄,流速很小而形成异重流。此外,小潮大径流量时,也有异重流。 在潮汐河段上,由于水位与流速随涨落潮的过程不断地改变,除涨落地期间流速较小外,一般流速较大,即使产生了盐水楔,它也不能持久。因此有人认为有潮汐的盲肠河段或挖入式港池内,不会有异重流的淤积问题。但另有一些人认为水流情况与有潮河段并不完全相同。如在落潮时只有盲肠或港池的潮蓄量外泄,流速很小,有利于形成异重流而淤积。因有上述二种不同看法,故对潮汐河段挖入式港池异重流淤积进行初步探讨。  相似文献   

11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ~200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ~380 km from the coast at a depth of ~250 m above the sea level.  相似文献   

12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.  相似文献   

13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

14.
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

15.
双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。  相似文献   

16.
The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared.  相似文献   

17.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.  相似文献   

18.
为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明:黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km2,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km2;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。  相似文献   

19.
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.  相似文献   

20.
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号