共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
2.
通过对2005年4月至9月广东近岸海域贝类81个样品的腹泻性贝毒素进行小白鼠生物法检测,结果表明:(1)DSP毒素含量值≥0.05MU/g的有34个样品,其中翡翠贻贝和牡蛎所占的比例最大;同种贝类的腹泻性贝毒素存在一定的季节差异,秋季含量最高。(2)对其中腹泻性贝毒素含量值较高的8个样品进行胃含物海洋微藻种类的鉴定,结果是波纹巴非蛤、三棱骨螺和结蚶胃含物样品中含有产腹泻性贝毒的利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrum lima)和原甲藻(Prorocentrum sp.)。 相似文献
3.
4.
通过检测深圳沿岸海域7种贝类的重金属、麻痹性贝毒(PSP)和腹泻性贝毒(DSP)含量,了解其食用安全性.严格按照国家标准进行检测,采用SPSS 20.0对数据进行Kruskal-Wallis H检验和方差分析.结果表明:各种重金属和贝类毒素在样品中均有检出,汞污染状况良好;铜含量范围为0.52~109.65 mg/kg,超标率为13.67%;铅含量范围为0.01~3.60 mg/kg,超标率为68.35%;镉含量范围为0.015~7.807 mg/kg,超标率为53.96%.PSP和DSP检出率为100%,PSP含量范围为0.30~34.23 ug/100 g;DSP含量范围为1.88~38.41 ug/100 g.总体看来,样品铅、镉超标严重,不同种类贝类重金属含量具有差异且贝类毒素检出率较高,应引起有关部门的重视,加强该海域监测工作. 相似文献
5.
根据2009-04—2010-02隔月6个航次桑沟湾9个调查站位贝类养殖区有机氯(OCPs)、有机磷(OPPs)农药残留和麻痹性贝毒(PSP)的调查资料,分析了它们在该海域海水中、表层沉积物中和主要贝类(栉孔扇贝、太平洋牡蛎和菲律滨蛤仔)体内的含量水平,就农药残留及贝毒污染对海洋环境质量的影响进行综合评价和类别划分,并对主要食用贝类中农药残留和贝毒的暴露水平进行健康风险评估。结果表明,桑沟湾贝类养殖区海水质量、沉积物质量和养殖贝类质量水平范围为1~2级,平均分别为2级、1级和1级,养殖生态环境综合质量水平为2级;总体上,该海域海洋环境综合质量处于良好水平,贝类产区生态环境质量为1类区(清洁区)。即该海域农药残留及贝毒污染对海洋环境质量影响较小或无明显影响。另外,针对食用桑沟湾贝类水产品的消费人群进行了农药残留及贝毒污染的健康风险评估,结果表明调查人群食用贝类中OCPs中的HCHs和DDTs、OPPs中的马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷、PSP的日摄入量分别为0.75,2.11,0.19,0.09和1.22μg/(人·d),其摄入量低于ADI的推荐限值,因此桑沟湾主要食用贝类中农药残留及贝毒污染的健康风险处于安全范围。 相似文献
6.
《海洋科学集刊》2016,(0)
海洋中的部分微藻能够产生藻毒素,导致鱼、贝类等养殖动物染毒或死亡,甚至危及人类健康和海洋生态安全。近20年来,随着对有害藻华(harmful algal bloom,HAB)问题关注程度的不断提高和研究手段的快速发展,对我国近海有毒藻和藻毒素的认识也在不断深入。本文针对几类常见的藻毒素,从贝类中藻毒素污染状况、毒素来源、有毒赤潮发生情况等方面,对我国已开展的相关研究工作进展进行了综述。大量研究表明,麻痹性贝毒毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins,PSTs)和腹泻性贝毒毒素(diarrhetic shellfish toxins,DSTs)是我国近海最为常见的藻毒素,广东沿海、福建沿海、长江口邻近海域、海州湾、北黄海和渤海秦皇岛近岸海域贝类沾染藻毒素的问题比较突出,中毒事件也时有发生。麻痹性贝毒主要来自有毒的亚历山大藻(Alexandrium spp.),大田软海绵酸(okadaic acid,OA)和扇贝毒素(pectenotoxins,PTXs)等腹泻性贝毒毒素则主要来自有毒鳍藻(Dinophysis spp.)。近年来,随着孢囊分离与培养方法的不断完善及藻毒素分析技术的快速发展,在我国近海发现了越来越多的有毒藻和藻毒素。在对文献进行综合分析的基础上,简单探讨了有毒藻与藻毒素对我国沿海海产品食品安全的影响及风险,以及未来研究的发展方向。 相似文献
7.
福建漳州海域麻痹性贝毒的污染状况调查 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文通过对漳州海域的养殖区栉孔扇贝扣僧帽牡蛎为期1a的麻痹性毒素（PSP）污染状况的调查分析，以了解贝类海产品的安全性．贝毒测定按照AOAC小白鼠法进行，利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）进行贝毒成分分析．结果表明：漳州海域的栉孔扇贝为该海域轻微PSP染毒贝类，含量为1．83～3．23MU／g；漳浦古雷和东山铜陵的栉孔扇贝样品检出率分别为66．7％和16．7％．高效液相色谱分析表明，样品中PSP成分为B1、GTX1／4、GTX2／3及STX和C毒素．漳州海域贝类PSP含量很低，未超出安全食用标准；但毒素分布存在季节差异，春季检出率较高．因此有针对性的加强贝毒监测非常必要． 相似文献
8.
2004年～2005年在长江口及邻近海域曾发生有毒赤潮13起,约占赤潮总数的15%,引发赤潮的有毒赤潮生物包括链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella)、红色裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sanguineum)、米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)和环状异甲藻(Heterocapsa circularisquama),其中曾造成严重危害的有米氏凯伦藻和环状异甲藻。通过连续2年的四季本底调查结果表明,该海域存在多种有毒藻类,主要包括产麻痹性贝毒(PSP)的链状亚历山大藻、塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense),产腹泻性贝毒(DSP)的具尾鳍藻(Dinophysis caudata)、倒卵形鳍藻(Dinophysis fortii);产记忆缺失性贝毒(ASP)的尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseudo-Nitzschia pungens)、多列拟菱形藻(Pseudo-Nitzschia multiseries)和多纹拟菱形藻(Pseudo-Nitzschia multistriata);其它有毒有害藻类包括红色裸甲藻、环状异甲藻、米氏凯伦藻等。有毒藻类种类5、6月份较多,产腹泻性贝毒(DSP)和产记忆缺失性贝毒(ASP)的有毒藻类常年均在该海域出现,这些有毒有害藻类多数密度并不高。与有毒藻类监测同步开展了赤潮毒素检测,长江口贝类赤潮毒素检出时段主要集中在5～6和8～9月份,PSP和DSP检出率分别在5%和12%左右,敏感种类为养殖的紫贻贝,未检出记忆缺失性贝毒。针对目前赤潮的危害中由有毒藻类和赤潮毒素造成的危害较大,建议在长江口贝类养殖海域开展的有毒藻类监测计划,以确保贝类水产品食用安全。 相似文献
9.
选取具有显著产毒差异的利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrum lima) SHG株与2XS株为研究对象,以2-13C-甘氨酸为示踪原料结合高分辨质谱方法,为腹泻性贝类毒素及其酯化态毒素合成与代谢途径的研究提供新方法和思路。结果表明,两株藻共发现16种腹泻性贝毒及其酯化态毒素成分。对照培养条件下SHG株(大田软海绵酸毒素含量为7.88 pg/cell,鳍藻毒素1含量为4.35 pg/cell)的产毒能力高于2XS株(大田软海绵酸毒素5.70pg/cell),而甘氨酸作为氮源培养条件可显著提高两株藻的产毒总量(P<0.05)。13C-甘氨酸标记组与甘氨酸培养组单细胞产毒量无显著变化(P>0.05)。腹泻性贝毒被标记后其同位素异构体丰度发生变化,其中酯化态受13C标记的影响程度更高,二级质谱图清晰表示出其碎片离子及脱水峰的标记情况。该方法直观阐明了甘氨酸可作为P. lima标记原料的产毒供体,并使用稳定同位素标记方法首次实现了酯化态的同步标记,有助于腹泻性贝毒生成机制的进一步研究。 相似文献
10.
我国近海有毒藻和藻毒素问题的研究现状与展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海洋中的一部分微藻能够产生藻毒素,导致鱼、贝类等养殖动物染毒或死亡,甚至危及人类健康和海洋生态安全。近20年来,随着对有害藻华(Harmful algal bloom, HAB)问题关注程度的不断提高和研究手段的快速发展,对我国近海有毒藻和藻毒素的认识也在不断深入。本文针对常见的几类藻毒素,从贝类中藻毒素污染状况、毒素来源、有毒藻藻华状况等角度,对我国当前相关研究工作进展进行了综述。大量研究表明,麻痹性贝毒毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins, PSTs)和腹泻性贝毒毒素(diarrhetic shellfish toxins, DSTs)在我国近海最为常见,其中,麻痹性贝毒主要由有毒亚历山大藻(Alexandrium spp.)产生,产毒藻种常见于南海海湾、福建沿海、长江口邻近海域、海州湾、北黄海和秦皇岛近海等,中毒事件也时有发生。常见的大田软海绵酸、扇贝毒素等腹泻性贝毒毒素多由鳍藻(Dinophysis spp.)产生,我国近海贝类沾染藻毒素的现象也非常常见。近年来,随着高效液相色谱和质谱技术的发展,在我国近海发现了越来越多的有毒藻和藻毒素。在对文献进行综合分析的基础上,简单探讨了有毒藻与藻毒素对海产品食品安全的影响及风险,以及未来研究发展方向。 相似文献
11.
虾夷扇贝毒素yessotoxins(YTXs),中国沿海贝类中首次发现的一组贝类生物毒素 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法对我国近海贝类中腹泻性贝毒成分进行研究,结果发现采自北黄海大连附近海域的海湾扇贝和虾夷扇贝含有25~41μg/kg的虾夷扇贝毒素(yessotoxin,YTX),在虾夷扇贝体内还含有37.2μg/kg的45-OH-YTX,并在5种贝中发现微量的Homo-YTX毒素组分,这是首次报道在我国贝中检出此类毒素。虾夷扇贝毒素YTXs是一类含有2个磺酰基的脂溶性多环聚醚类化合物,对小鼠的腹腔注射急性致死毒性很高,毒理作用机制尚不清楚。本研究的结果说明我国贝类体内生物毒素成分复杂,亟需进行毒素成分结构、来源生物、生态毒理效应、分布规律及安全限定标准的研究。 相似文献
12.
浙江近岸海域贝类中重金属和贝毒污染状况研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在浙江近岸海域采集了青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)、毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)、厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)、缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)、泥螺(Bullacta exarata)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippi-narum)、文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)、僧帽牡蛎(Ostrea cucullata)和栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)共9种贝类计29份样品,检测其中重金属汞、砷、铜、铅、锌、镉以及麻痹性贝毒和腹泻性贝毒.结果表明,瑞安毛蚶、瑞安栉孔扇贝中有麻痹性贝类毒素检出,嵊泗文蛤、毛蚶和乐清牡蛎中存在重金属超标的情况;牡蛎对汞、铜、锌、镉有较强的富集能力. 相似文献
13.
Occurrence and seasonal variations of algal toxins in water, phytoplankton and shellfish from North Stradbroke Island, Queensland, Australia 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Takahashi E Yu Q Eaglesham G Connell DW McBroom J Costanzo S Shaw GR 《Marine environmental research》2007,64(4):429-442
A number of marine microalgae are known to produce toxins that can accumulate in shellfish and when eaten, lead to toxic and potentially fatal reactions in humans. This paper reports on the occurrence and seasonal variations of algal toxins in the waters, phytoplankton and shellfish of Southeast Queensland, Australia. These algal toxins include okadaic acid (OA), domoic acid (DA), gymnodimine (GD), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) and pectenotoxin-2-seco acid (PTX-2-SA), which were detected in the sampled shellfish and phytoplankton, via HPLC-MS/MS. Dissolved OA, PTX-2 and GD were also detected in the samples collected from the water column. This was the first occasion that DA and GD have been reported in shellfish, phytoplankton and the water column in Queensland waters. Phytoplankton tows contained both the toxic Dinophysis and Pseudo-nitzschia algae species, and are suspected of being the most likely producers of the OA, PTX-2s and DA found in shellfish of this area. The number of cells, however, did not correlate with the amount of toxins present in either shellfish or phytoplankton. This indicates that toxin production by algae varies with time and the species present and that number of cells alone cannot be used as an indicator for the presence of toxins. The presence of OA and PTX-2s were more frequently seen in the summer, while DA and GD were detected throughout the year and without any obvious seasonal patterns. 相似文献
14.
渤海裸甲藻和链状亚历山大藻的麻痹性贝毒毒素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:分析渤海裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp.)和链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella)的麻痹性贝毒毒素,为渤海天津海域的赤潮研究积累基础数据。方法:通过实验室培养裸甲藻和链状亚历山大藻,选取对数生长期、平台生长期的裸甲藻以及平台生长期的链状亚历山大藻,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对这两种微藻进行麻痹性贝毒(PSP)毒素分析。结果:裸甲藻细胞内不含有麻痹性贝毒(PSP);链状亚历山大藻细胞内含有C毒素和GTX1-4毒素,该微藻每个细胞毒素含量约为10.81 fmol/cell。结论:裸甲藻细胞内虽不含有麻痹性贝毒(PSP),但不能排除其含有其它毒素的可能。链状亚历山大藻细胞内含有麻痹性贝毒(PSP),属于有毒微藻,需要对其进行密切监测。 相似文献
15.
Dissected tissues of three shellfish species,the Chinese scallop,Chlamys farreri,Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum,and Razor shell,Solen strictu were evaluated for in vitro transformation of paralytic shellfish poisoning(PSP) toxins. Tissue homogenates were incubated with extraction from toxic algae Alexandrium minutum to determine toxin conversion. The effects of heating and addition of a natural reductant(glutathione) on toxin conversion were also assessed. The toxin profile was investigated through high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection(HPLC-FLD) . The evident variations in the toxin content were observed only in Chinese scallop viscera homogenates. The concentration of GTX4 was reduced by 45%(approximately 0.8 μmol/dm 3 ) and 25%(approximately 1 μmol/dm 3 ) for GTX1,while GTX2 and GTX3 increased by six times(approximately 1 μmol/dm 3 ) and 3 times(approximately 0.3 μmol/dm 3 ) respectively. Simultaneously,the total toxicity decreased by 38% during the 48 h incubation period,the final toxicity was 20.4 nmol STXeq/g. Furthermore,heated Chinese scallop viscera homogenates samples were compared with non-heated samples. The concentration of the GTX4 and GTX1 was clearly 28%(approximately 0.53 μmol/dm 3 ) and 17%(approximately 0.69 μmol/dm 3 ) higher in heated samples,GTX2 and GTX3 were four times(0.66 μmol/dm 3 ) and two times(0.187 μmol/dm 3 ) lower respectively. GSH(+) Chinese scallop viscera homogenates samples were compared with GSH(-) samples,the concentration in the GTX4 and GTX1 was 9%(approximately 0.12 μmol/dm 3 ) and 11%(approximately 0.36 μmol/dm 3 ) lower respectively,GTX2 and GTX3 was 17%(approximately 0.14 μmol/dm 3 ) and 19%(approximately 0.006 μmol/dm 3 ) higher respectively. In contrast,there was a little change in the concentration of PSP toxins of Manila clam and Razor shell tissue homogenates. These observations on three shellfish tissues confirmed that there were species-specific differences in PSP toxins transformation. PSP toxins transformation was more pronounced in viscera tissue than in muscle tissue. PSP toxins was possibly interfered by some carbamoylase enzyme,and the activity in Chinese scallop viscera tissue is more remarkable than in the other two species. 相似文献
16.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):273-281
Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) poses a significant threat to the safe consumption of shellfish in the southern Benguela ecosystem. The accumulation of DSP toxins was investigated in two cultivated bivalve species, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the mussel Choromytilus meridio-nalis, suspended from a mooring located off Lambert's Bay on the west coast of South Africa. The dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata, a known source of polyether toxins associated with DSP, was common through most of the study period. The toxin composition of the dinoflagellate was dominated by okadaic acid (OA) (91%), with lesser quantities of the dinophysistoxin DTX-1 (6.5%) and pecteno-toxin PTX-2 (2.4%), and traces of PTX-2sa and PTX-11. The mean cell toxin quota of D. acuminata was 7.8 pg OA cell–1. The toxin profile in shellfish was characterised by a notably higher relative content of DTX-1. The study showed the average concentration of DSP toxins in the mussels to exceed that in the oysters by approximately 20-fold. The results indicate a need to establish species-specific sampling frequencies in shellfish safety monitoring programmes. 相似文献
17.
麻痹性贝毒能够在贝类体内累积,威胁海产品消费者健康。在以往调查中,多次在毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)体内发现高含量的麻痹性贝毒,但对于毛蚶体内麻痹性贝毒的转化过程及其食品安全风险还缺乏认识。通过室内模拟实验,选择太平洋亚历山大藻(Alexandrium pacificum)和链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)作为产毒藻种,研究了两种有毒藻种所产麻痹性贝毒在毛蚶体内的转化过程。结果表明,毛蚶体内主要出现了三种麻痹性贝毒转化过程,一是R1位羟基的还原反应,二是N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素R4位磺酸基团的水解反应,三是含羟基苯甲酸(hydroxybenzoate)基团的链状裸甲藻毒素在R4位的水解反应。毛蚶体内麻痹性贝毒的生物转化过程复杂,对毛蚶毒性的影响具有一定的不确定性,未来仍需要进一步深化毛蚶体内毒素累积、代谢、转化过程的研究,同时加强对毛蚶体内毒素含量的全面监测,防范毛蚶可能导致的麻痹性贝毒中毒风险。 相似文献