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1.
海上风电场建设期风机打桩会产生高强度的水下噪声,研究水下冲击打桩噪声的监测方法、特性分析及对海洋生物的影响是非常重要的。采用自容式水下声音记录仪,多点同步测量了福建省兴化湾海上风电场二期工程建设期单次完整的水下冲击打桩噪声,从时频域特性进行了分析,并利用最小二乘法拟合得到了打桩声源级和声暴露级。结果表明:水下冲击打桩噪声是典型的低频、高强度的脉冲信号,单个脉冲持续时间约90~100 ms,峰值声源级约209.4±2 dB,声暴露级约197.7±2 dB;主要能量分布在50 Hz~1 kHz频段,750 m测量点的该频段声压级相比海洋环境背景噪声,提高了约40~50 dB。水下冲击打桩噪声频域能量分布与大黄鱼的听觉敏感频段相重叠,对大黄鱼影响程度和范围较大,实际工程应用中宜采用声暴露级作为评价指标。  相似文献   

2.
近海风电场水下打桩辐射噪声特性测量分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对滨海海上风电场一次完整的打桩过程不同水深处环境噪声进行监测和分析。结果表明:打桩过程水下辐射噪声脉冲信号,在所研究海域附近环境噪声级由原来打桩前的130 d B左右瞬间增加约20~50 d B,20~20 000 Hz频段,打桩噪声谱级高于工程前该海域背景环境噪声谱级约30~65 d B,100~1 000 Hz频率打桩辐射噪声谱级出现多个峰值,不同水深谱级最高峰值频率为200 Hz。根据打桩水下辐射噪声监测结果和浅海Marsh和Schulkin半经验公式,计算打桩辐射噪声声源级(距声源中心1 m处)为210.2 d B(参考声压1μPa)。为水下打桩辐射噪声的深入研究提供了基础数据,分析结果可供海洋环境和海洋生物保护研究参考。  相似文献   

3.
随着海洋、湖泊、河流和港口等人类活动逐渐增加,涉海工程产生的水下噪声污染及对海洋生物影响已引起广泛关注。工程建设期环境影响评价中,水下噪声测量逐渐成为海洋监管的要素。水下冲击打桩是工程建设中常见的低频水下脉冲声源,能够传播较远距离。如何规范地开展水下冲击打桩噪声测量至关重要。文章给出了水下冲击打桩噪声的通用测量方法,包括声学指标、测量系统、测量布放、声学测量配置、测量不确定性等,可为海洋工程建设影响评价、海洋生物生态保护等提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

4.
于2019年4月在长江镇江段润扬大桥正常通车状态时进行桥梁周边水域水下噪声特征测量,计算不同点位水下噪声平均声压级(Sound pressure level,SPL),并进行带宽20 Hz-20 kHz的噪声频谱分析。结果表明:润扬大桥正常通车状态时周边水下噪声以低频为主(200 Hz),主频率峰值范围为20-2000 Hz。桥梁下方水下噪声平均声压级为117.96±3.25 dB,大桥交通噪声被同频声场覆盖,主频率不明显。当船舶通过时噪声增益较为明显,能量集中于低频(1 kHz以下)部分,声压级集中在120-130 dB,将背景噪声(2000 m处)平均声压级提高了约7-17 dB。基于该水域可能存在的水生生物及其听阈特性评价水下噪声对其产生的潜在影响,为长江水生生物生态保护提供理论基础。  相似文献   

5.
通过对2001年亚洲海国际声学实验(ASIAEX)得到的海洋环境噪声数据进行处理,计算了噪声场空间相关系数、功率谱密度和垂直指向性,分别研究了受到远距离和近距离船舶辐射噪声影响的海洋环境噪声空间相关性.结果表明:船舶距离较远(10 km)时其辐射噪声会导致500 Hz以下的海洋环境噪声的空间相关性提高,而对500 Hz以上噪声的空间相关性没有影响;船舶距离较近(≤10 km)时,船舶辐射噪声会导致500 Hz以下的海洋环境噪声相关系数振荡变化,噪声空间相关性曲线在噪声信号声程差相差四分之一波长时出现第一个零点,对500 Hz以上的海洋环境噪声则会引起噪声能量升高,噪声的空间相关性也相对提高.基于现有理论,分别讨论了远距离船舶和近距离船舶产生的噪声场声学特性,对两种噪声场的海洋环境噪声空间相关性进行了合理的解释.  相似文献   

6.
近海海上风电场水下噪声传播模型适用性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
章蔚  杨红  丁骏  吉新磊 《海洋科学》2017,41(7):78-86
通过现场采集近海海上风电场工程区运营期风机水下噪声和背景噪声数据,计算了噪声信号的倍频带声压级,功率谱级和峰值声压级,确定了海上风电场水下噪声总声源级为148.3 d B,以此开展近海海上风电工程风机水下噪声频域特性、功率密度谱特性等研究。在此基础上使用Kraken简正波模型和Bellhop射线模型对风电场运营期风机水下噪声在水平与垂直方向上的传播进行模拟,模拟了噪声在不同频带内的衰减程度,结果显示模型模拟结果在不同频率下的衰减趋势有着很大差异,产生了明显的多途干涉现象,通过实测数据对建立的噪声传播模型进行验证,发现Kraken简正波模型在500 Hz以下,Bellhop射线模型在500 Hz以上适合模拟实际水下噪声传播情形,同时海区本身背景噪声的存在会对预测的准确性产生影响。这些结论可用于进一步对近海海上风电场水下噪声传播的研究。  相似文献   

7.
海洋环境噪声垂直分布测试和分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用船舷法对某海域海洋环境噪声垂直分布进行了测量.数据处理与分析结果表明,在6种接收深度下,当地的海面风生破碎波浪噪声对环境噪声有显著贡献.给出了所测海域环境噪声在0.1~20.0kHz频段的宽带声级和接收深度以及多种频率谱级与风速的对数之间的关系.1.0~4.0kHz频段的谱级与风速的对数呈良好的线性关系,且基本上不受接收深度的影响.  相似文献   

8.
简要概括了单波束测深仪声学指标检测的国内外现状及其检定校准工作的必要性。利用精密回旋装置平台,在消声水池中完成了对单波束测深仪声源级、频率和波束角指向性的检测。重点介绍了其检测系统的组成,指标测试方案以及数据处理过程。实际测得被检换能器声源级为211.545d B,频率为200.0025kHz,波束角为6.12°,满足常用海底声纳测量仪器计量检测研究与应用的精度要求,对规范水下声纳设备声学指标的检测方法具有实际意义。  相似文献   

9.
凸体作为水下航行器表面的一种常见附体结构,其产生的涡流噪声对搭载在水下航行器上的声学仪器的信号精度有非常重要的影响。在马赫数为0.004 8条件下,采用LES-Lighthill等效声源法对三维方形凸体的流场及声场进行仿真,形象地再现了凸体周围涡旋运动变化规律,分析了涡流流动机制及辐射噪声特征。通过正交试验设计,以噪声最小为目标,优化了三维方形凸体结构参数。研究成果为水下航行器附体结构的设计提供了依据。  相似文献   

10.
浅地层剖面仪具有配置灵活、作业方便、经济高效、分辨率高等优点,在海洋地质研究和海洋工程调查中得到了广泛应用,但易受到噪声干扰。在分析浅地层剖面仪运行时干扰噪声形成机理的基础上,设计噪声采集方案,采集设备运行时的背景噪声和其他声学设备干扰,分析干扰噪声特征,为现场数据采集以及室内数据处理提供依据。通过分析浅地层剖面仪的噪声特征,提出控制激发频率范围,将激发能量集中在优势频带内,并在采集时设置合理滤波参数,滤除其他声学设备干扰噪声。以"向阳红01"科考船浅地层剖面仪为例,设置激发子波频带:1.0~6.0 kHz,脉冲长度设置为10 ms,信号接收时设置滤波门限为1.0-2.0-6.0-10.0 kHz,去除其他声学设备对剖面的干扰,最终取得非常理想的浅地层剖面。  相似文献   

11.
Ship noise received on a horizontal array towed behind the ship is shown to be useful as a potentially diagnostic tool for estimating local acoustic bottom properties. In numerical simulations, tow-ship noise which bounces off the bottom is processed on a beamformer that shows the arrival angles; the beamformer output is readily interpreted by relating it to the Green's function of the acoustic wave equation. Simple signal processing is shown to be sufficient to extract the propagation angles of the "trapped" (i.e., propagating) modes of the acoustic waveguide. By relating the trapped modes to a basic geophysical model of the bottom, one can predict acoustic-propagation conditions for a particular bottom-interacting ocean acoustic environment.  相似文献   

12.
High-amplitude, anrrow band noise that correlates with periods of high ocean bottom currents and the tidal cycle is occasionally observed on ocean bottom seismometers (OBS). The geophones on OBSs of different configurations are not equally sensitive to this noise and hydrophones are almost unaffected. With a suitable design, it should be possible to eliminate this noise problem.Hawaii Institute of Geophysics Contribution No. 1173  相似文献   

13.
14.
Beam-noise spectrum levels were measured with high-resolution horizontal arrays of 22 to 100 wavelengths long at frequencies between 50 and 320 Hz in the Mediterranean Sea. Results indicate that the low-frequency noise field has two major components one of which is due to the dynamic and temporally variable distant shipping. Beam noise level differences of 10 to 20 dB were observed between the resolved distant shipping and the uncorrelated background noise. The measured distributions of beam-noise-intensity fluctuations were found to be non-Gaussian. The beam-noise-intensity distribution was found to depend on aperture length, frequency, bandwidth, integration time, and steering angle. The shapes of the beam-noise-intensity cumulative distribution functions were variable and qualitatively described by nonhomogeneous compound Poisson process as shown with a simulation of the shipping-induced noise field. Temporal characteristics of beam-noise-intensity fluctuations were found to have noise level fades at 30% probability below the median noise level with durations of 1 h for observations over 10 h.  相似文献   

15.
The structure of beam noise measured at the output of a vertical array in a range dependent ocean basin was investigated using the modified wide-angle parabolic equation (PE). Noise sources were distributed throughout the basin, and the field due to each noise source at an array located in the midbasin was calculated. The response of the array to the superposition of the noise sources was found by beamforming. An efficient and direct approach that superimposes the noise sources on the PE field as the field is marched toward the array was developed. Downslope calculations of the midbasin vertical directionality were made between 50 and 400 Hz with this technique. Use of a geoacoustic model shows that the bottom behaves as a low-pass filter  相似文献   

16.
A theoretical model for the vertical directionality and depth dependence of high frequency (8 to 50 kHz) ambient noise in the deep ocean is developed. The anisotropic noise field at a variety of depths and frequencies is evaluated and displayed. It was found that at high frequencies and deep depths, a bottom-mounted hydrophone receives the maximum noise energy from overhead rather than from the horizontal. This leads to the consideration of an oblate hydrophone receiving response pattern for underwater tracking ranges that would provide a constant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for an acoustic source located anywhere in a circular area centered above the hydrophone. Two of the desirable characteristics of this type of pattern are the increase in receiving range of a bottom-mounted sensor and the decrease of the dynamic range of signals that a signal processor must handle.  相似文献   

17.
Limitations on the performance of the overlap-correlator method of forming a passive synthetic aperture are derived. The technique uses the overlap of the array in sequential positions to estimate a series of phase correction factors that compensate for the motion of the array over time. It is of primary interest to optimize this overlap with respect to the effects of random noise. By minimizing the variance of the estimates of the set of phase correction factors, it is found that the optimal overlap is one-half the length of the physical array. Using this optimal overlap, the bounds on the usable spatial response are then determined as a function of signal-to-noise ratio and the number of hydrophones in the physical array. The ability of the overlap-correlator algorithm to synthesize a coherent aperture is investigated for the case of multiple sources in the absence of noise  相似文献   

18.
Ship sources of ambient noise   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The rapid increase in world shipping results in an increase in low-frequency ambient noise at an average rate of about 1/2 dB per year. During the past 10 years there has been a virtual revolution in the sizes and speeds of merchant ships, resulting in significant increases in the noise radiated by the average ship. This trend is continuing. In this paper, the trends in world merchant shipping will be presented, including important changes in propulsion plants as well as in numbers and sizes of ships. The need for radiated noise measurements of these new ship types will be stressed. Ambient noise is also dependent on the geographical distribution of shipping. The LRAPP-sponsored program to establish standard shipping distributions for the Northern Hemisphere will be discussed, and the reliability of current information will be assessed.  相似文献   

19.
Recreational boats are constantly undergoing modifications and improvements in design, construction materials, and equipment. The boat builder mission is supply customers with a product with better quality, safety and onboard comfort. Onboard comfort should be evaluated along several points. Seakeeping is especially critical on long trips or operations in regions where harsh sea conditions occur. Over the years much attention has been given to boat behavior underway at sea. Recently onboard noise level has become a significant element of comfort and navigation safety. With high onboard noise a boater is unable to detect other boat whistles, horns and calls for help. This becomes a critical problem when sailing in fog and at night. Maintaining the internal noise level within limits is important. In order to address this noise problem, the paper presents a review of existing guidelines and the authors' proposal for Boat Noise Evaluation (BNE) procedure for recreational powerboats. This procedure has been used in a number of boat trials. The use of this procedure is discussed along with representative boat noise level results and a comparison with the acceptable values for passenger comfort and safety.  相似文献   

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