共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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利用海上大容量气枪作为震源,陆上固定台网和流动台站作为接收台阵的海陆地震联测试验在南海北部已开展多次,其中流动台站的布设一直是野外试验中至关重要的工作之一。作者以2011年海南岛海陆地震联测试验为基础,对野外流动台站的布设过程及注意事项进行了分析总结;从同一震源不同台基记录信号的差异性、不同震源同一台基记录信号的变化特征以及相近接收距离不同台基记录的信号特征等方面对以下3个不同类型台基上流动台站接收到的气枪信号进行了对比分析,发现接收到的气枪信号与台基的稳定性、环境噪音的大小存在紧密关系。在相近接收距离下,当布设台基为山脚成片的基性岩石时,流动台站接收到的信号信噪比很高,且波形持续时间较短,能量较为集中;当布设台基为河边冲积的岩石时,流动台站接收到的信号信噪比较差,且波形持续时间较长,能量较为分散,导致信号的到时难以分辨;而当布设台基为山顶半悬浮大块岩石时,流动台接收到的信号的信噪比最差。从处理的地震剖面可知,台基为成片出露的基性岩石时,震相数据最为清晰,拾取也更准确。 相似文献
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2004年作者在香港外海域进行了一次海陆地震联测实验,文章利用此次实验中的两个相邻固定台站珠海台和澳门台所记录的气枪信号数据,从波形、波谱特性和震相等方面分析了相邻地震台站对气枪信号的响应特征.结果显示,来自不同距离处的地震波波形和波谱特征在同一台站上变化不大,但在不同台站上的响应有所差别,珠海台受背景噪声影响更为强烈,其信号波形扰动大,具有较多高频成分,优势频率响应比较尖锐,而澳门台响应则比较平缓.对研究区下方速度结构进行了二维结构模拟,分析了台站附近速度结构对地震波到时的影响.珠海台PmP震相走时相对滞后,由于深圳断裂带穿过两台站之间,其引起的花岗岩基底破碎或上地壳厚度的差异都可能导致珠海台基底地震波速度的降低,这可能也是引起两台站对相同震源信号具有不同波形及波谱响应的因素之一. 相似文献
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巴基斯坦外海发育有大量水合物,为研究水合物的分布特征,在此区域部署了多条多道地震测线。受客观条件制约,此次采集的地震资料覆盖次数低,电缆长度短,电缆噪音严重且存在空白道,这些不利因素要求在数据处理中必须采用非常规处理方法。指导思想是变非常规地震数据处理为常规数据处理,在数据处理时要灵活变通,这既包括处理流程参数的变通,也包含流程的组合变通。处理的核心问题是如何增强剖面的信噪比,在处理中通过3A去噪、空白道插值、相邻CMP道集合并、偏移等技术手段提高了剖面的信噪比,整体上处理后的剖面可以满足落实水合物分布特征的要求,达到了处理的目的。 相似文献
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为调查长乐—南澳断裂带和滨海断裂带的展布、形态和深部构造背景, 福建省地震局使用大容量气枪震源和海底地震仪将深地震探测拓展到台湾海峡西南部, 配合陆上的水库气枪震源、吨级爆破点和流动地震仪实现了海陆双向激发接收。文章详细介绍了2013—2015年间在台湾海峡西南部采集的6条二维广角地震剖面的观测系统、采集参数和数据预处理方法。对资料的整理分析表明: 震源激发参数和仪器接收点位选择合理, 大部分共接收点道集记录能清晰地识别出Pg、PmP、Pn、Sg、SmS等震相; 通过气枪固定点多次激发进行叠加的方法, 获得了信噪比相当于吨级爆破的共炮点道集记录。陆上台站数据品质较佳, 而海底地震仪数据信噪比较低, 可能是由于海底吸收衰减较为严重。数据处理中针对台湾海峡西南部沉积层速度较低且基底面起伏剧烈的问题, 将共接收点域拾取的走时分选到炮域, 避免了表层改正残差造成深部构造假象的问题。 相似文献
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常规的最小平方时间域滤波方法发展迅速，它能较地用到各咎地震数据的滤波中，一维有限脉冲频域波可有效地压制干扰。但在当今的数据处理中要选择地应用。 相似文献
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背景噪声的强弱是影响地震台站观测的一个重要因素。获取背景噪声的分布特征对评估海底地震仪记录数据质量及对数据的降噪处理均具有重要的指示意义。利用概率密度函数方法获取台站数据的功率谱密度的概率分布特征并与全球背景噪声高值模型和低值模型进行对比是研究台站周围环境背景噪声水平的有利手段。本研究基于南海大规模的被动源海底地震仪台阵长期观测实验的部分数据,利用概率密度函数方法研究了南海的背景噪声。首先,在全频段上对背景噪声进行了分析,并与其他台站做了对比,发现海洋的背景噪声在微震段和低频段大于高值模型且在全频带上远大于陆基台站的背景噪声,这表明海底地震仪数据质量并不高;其次,对观测过程中出现的地震事件以及其他典型信号的概率密度分布进行了归纳总结,发现远震事件、近震事件和数据丢失现象分别具有不同的优势频段和特征,这对后续滤波处理和质量检查具有重要指示意义;最后,研究了背景噪声的时间变化特征,发现台风是导致微震段时间变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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为揭示南海南部陆缘的地壳结构, 研究其张裂-破裂机制, 开展共轭陆缘对比, 我们在南沙地块礼乐西海槽附近的洋陆转换带上完成了OBS2019-2测线的探测工作。相较于北部陆缘, 南部陆缘已有的海底地震仪(ocean bottom seismometer, OBS)测线较少, 对深部地壳结构的研究也较少, 因此OBS2019-2测线就尤为重要。文章重点阐述了OBS2019-2测线的数据处理工作, 包括UKOOA文件制作、数据格式转换、位置校正、单个台站综合地震记录剖面的生成等, 然后在剖面图中对各类深部震相(Pg、PcP、PmP、Pn)进行识别追踪, 并建立初步的模型; 使用Rayinvr软件进行走时试算工作, 验证了震相识别的准确性。处理结果显示OBS2019-2测线的深部震相清晰, 最远震相可以连续追踪到120km以外, 数据整体质量良好, 能为后续速度建模和构造解释等工作提供坚实基础。 相似文献
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深入研究珠江口地区海陆过渡带壳内低速层的结构和构造特征对于理解板内地震的发震机理、孕震构造及该区域的地壳结构具有重要的地质地球物理意义。利用2015年珠江口区域海陆地震联测L2-ME测线上的19个地震台站(包括陆上台站14台, 海底地震仪5台)记录到的地震数据来探明该区域低速层的结构和构造特征。在常规震相的基础上, 加入了大量的滑行波震相(Ph)进行结构模型计算, Ph震相的增加使得地壳内部10~20km范围内的射线覆盖密度有了显著提高, 从而获得了L2-ME测线下方更为精确的地壳纵波速度结构模型。结果发现, 模型中测线下方13~18km深度范围内稳定连续展布的壳内低速层被清晰成像, 其内部速度稳定在5.7~6.0 km·s-1之间, 与上下层界面速度差分别为0.5km·s-1、0.4km·s-1, 低速特征明显。该低速层厚度由陆侧的3.5km左右降至海侧的1km, 呈现出向海侧逐渐减薄的趋势, 低速层底界面起伏变化较大且具有与莫霍面相似的起伏特征。 相似文献
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Wojciech Czuba 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2007,28(3):213-233
Deep seismic sounding measurements were performed in the continent-ocean transition zone of the northern Svalbard continental
margin in 1985 and 1999. Data from seismic profile AWI-99200 and from additional crossing profiles were used to model the
seismic crustal structure of the study area. Seismic energy (airgun and TNT shots) was recorded by land (onshore) seismic
stations, ocean bottom seismometers (OBS), and hydrophone systems (OBH). 3-D tomographic inversion methods were applied to
test the previous 2-D modelling results. The results are similar to the earlier 2-D modelling, supplemented by new off-line
information. The continental crust thins to the west and north. A minimum depth of about 6 km to the Moho discontinuity was
found east of the Molloy Deep. The continent-ocean transition zone to the east is characterized by a complex seismic velocity
structure according to the 2-D model and consists of several different crustal blocks. The zone is covered by deep sedimentary
basins. Sediment thicknesses reach a maximum of 5 km. The Moho interface deepens to 28 km depth beneath the continental crust
of Svalbard. 相似文献
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McIntosh K. Akbar F. Calderon C. Stoffa P. Operto S. Christeson G. Nakamura Y. Shipley T. Flueh E. Stavenhagen A. Leandro G. 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2000,21(5):451-474
In March and April 1995 a cooperative German, Costa Rican, and United States research team recorded onshore-offshore seismic data sets along the Pacific margin of Costa Rica using the R/V Ewing. Off the Nicoya Peninsula we used a linear array of ocean bottom seismometers and hydrophones (OBS/H) with onshore seismometers extending across much of the isthmus. In the central area we deployed an OBS/H areal array consisting of 30 instruments over a 9 km by 35-km area and had land stations on the Nicoya Peninsula adjacent to this marine array and also extending northeast on the main Costa Rican landmass. Our goal in these experiments was to determine the crustal velocity structure along different portions of this convergent margin and to use the dense instrument deployments to create migrated reflection images of the plate boundary zone and the subducting Cocos Plate. Our specific goal in the central area was to determine whether a subducted seamount is present at the location of the 1990, M 7 earthquake off the Nicoya Peninsula and can thus be linked to its nucleation. Subsequently we have processed the data to improve reflection signals, used the data to calculate crustal velocity models, and developed several wide-aperture migration techniques, based on a Kirchhoff algorithm, to produce reflection images. Along the northern transect we used the ocean bottom data to construct a detailed crustal velocity model, but reflections from the plate boundary and top and bottom of the subducting Cocos plate are difficult to identify and have so far produced poor images. In contrast, the land stations along this same transect recorded clear reflections from the top of the subducting plate or plate boundary, within the seismogenic zone, and we have constructed a clear image from this reflector beneath the Nicoya shelf. Data from the 3-D seismic experiment suffer from high-amplitude, coherent noise (arrivals other than reflections), and we have tried many techniques to enhance the signal to noise ratio of reflected arrivals. Due to the noise, an apparent lack of strong reflections from the plate boundary zone, and probable structural complexity, the resulting 3-D images only poorly resolve the top of the subducting Cocos Plate. The images are not able to provide compelling evidence of whether there is a subducting seamount at the 1990 earthquake hypocenter. Our results do show that OBS surveys are capable of creating images of the plate boundary zone and the subducting plate well into the seismogenic zone if coherent reflections are recorded at 1.8 km instrument spacing (2-D) and 5 km inline by 1 km crossline spacing for 3-D acquisition. However, due to typical high amplitude coherent noise, imaging results may be poorer than expected, especially in unfavorable geologic settings such as our 3-D survey area. More effective noise reduction in acquisition, possibly with the use of vertical hydrophone arrays, and in processing, with advanced multiple removal and possibly depth filtering, is required to achieve the desired detailed images of the seismogenic plate boundary zone. 相似文献
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南海西北部与红河地区地球物理场及其地壳深部结构特征 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
分析了南海西北部与红河地区地球物理场特征，计算了研究区重、磁资料的一阶小波细节变换、四阶小波逼近变换。根据重力场资料以及南海北部盆地钻井取样的测试结果，同时参考在研究区进行的地震勘探结果，对研究区的地壳结构进行了反演计算。结果表明，研究区域地壳结构较为复杂，地壳厚度在17—38km之间，总的趋势由陆向洋地壳厚度逐渐减薄，反映出该区域地壳具有陆壳、过渡壳的性质，同时存在上地幔隆起区及凹陷区。用地震层折成像结果与重力资料计算出的地壳分布趋势进行了对比验证。根据地幔对流结果探讨了研究区深部地球动力学特征及其与深部地壳结构的关系。 相似文献
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大量研究表明南海北部东沙海域的中生界地层具有很好的油气成藏条件, 是油气勘探的有利区域。但中生界地层构造成像不清晰限制了该区域油气资源的准确评价。本文利用在该海域采用单源单缆长排列采集的三维地震数据, 提出了对该类数据的优化处理技术方案, 以期获得中生界地层的清晰成像。处理过程主要包括各种噪音干扰和不同类型多次波的压制, 尤其是比较严重的海洋湍流干扰压制, 提高中深层反射信号信噪比; 通过压制气泡和压缩子波提高地震反射的分辨率; 同时利用高密度速度分析进行各向异性双谱非双曲线动校正, 提高成像质量, 使波组特征、振幅特征更为明显。针对密集二维采集数据特点, 通过合理的面元规则化处理, 使得覆盖次数均匀和横向分辨率提高, 实现高精度三维成像。本研究针对噪音干扰较严重的单源单缆长排列加密地震资料, 按照三维地震资料进行数据处理, 处理后明显突出了浅、中、深各层的有效信息, 特别是针对中生界的成像质量改善更为明显, 形成了一套行之有效的处理流程, 为今后邻近区块的勘探和资料处理提供了技术基础, 也为东沙海域的油气勘探与评价提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Previous experiments to record seismic data at wide angle on the continental shelf have generally been unsuccessful in determining velocity structure in the lower crust; either the lines were too short or shot-receiver density too sparse to identify lower crustal arrivals. In contrast, deep normal incidence profiles show good structural resolution in the crust and uppermost mantle. A sea-bottom multichannel instrument has been developed to record datasets containing closely spaced traces, in order to improve the resolution of reversed wide-angle experiments on the continental shelf.The Pull-up Multichannel Array (PUMA) is a 1200 m, 12-channel hydrophone array for remotely recording seismic data on the seabed. It consists of 12 short hydrophone sections linked by 100 m-long passive sections. A pressure case is attached to the array at one end, in which recording electronics, cassette tape recorders and a battery power supply are housed. The PUMA is designed for deployment in water depths less than 200 m from a research ship and is moored to buoys for recovery.The instrument, which was successfully used in an experiment west of Lewis, Outer Hebrides, UK (Powell and Sinha, 1987) was specifically designed to provide a reliable determination of the velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle over part of the BIRPS WINCH deep normal incidence profile. Because the traces are closely spaced it is easy to correlate phases across the record section and to monitor changes in amplitude. A velocity structure for the continental crust and uppermost mantle has been devised from these data, using amplitude modelling. 相似文献
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南海北部陆缘洋陆转换带实施的OBS2018-H2测线的地壳速度结构, 将为探讨南海张裂-破裂机制提供重要证据。文章介绍了OBS2018-H2测线前期数据处理流程, 包括多道反射地震数据处理、海底地震仪OBS (Ocean Bottom Seismometer)数据格式转换、炮点和OBS位置校正, 以及OBS震相的初步识别, 并对地壳结构进行了初步分析。结果表明: 炮点和OBS位置校正效果良好; 多道反射地震数据为建立初始速度模型提供了良好约束; OBS综合地震剖面识别了多组清晰的P波震相, 包括Pw、Pg、PmP和Pn震相。根据测线西侧OBS36、OBS37两台站的震相分布特征初步估算台站下方地壳厚度约为6~7km, 与根据多道地震剖面LW3的双程走时估算的厚度6~9km大致相符。 相似文献
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Boris Marcaillou Philippe Charvis Jean-Yves Collot 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2006,27(4):289-300
Wide-angle and multichannel seismic data collected on the Malpelo Ridge provide an image of the deep structure of the ridge and new insights on its emplacement and tectonic history. The crustal structure of the Malpelo Ridge shows a 14 km thick asymmetric crustal root with a smooth transition to the oceanic basin southeastward, whereas the transition is abrupt beneath its northwestern flank. Crustal thickening is mainly related to the thickening of the lower crust, which exhibits velocities from 6.5 to 7.4 km/s. The deep structure is consistent with emplacement at an active spreading axis under a hotspot like the present-day Galapagos Hotspot on the Cocos-Nazca Spreading Centre. Our results favour the hypothesis that the Malpelo Ridge was formerly a continuation of the Cocos Ridge, emplaced simultaneously with the Carnegie Ridge at the Cocos-Nazca Spreading Centre, from which it was separated and subsequently drifted southward relative to the Cocos Ridge due to differential motion along the dextral strike-slip Panama Fracture Zone. The steep faulted northern flank of the Malpelo Ridge and the counterpart steep and faulted southern flank of Regina Ridge are possibly related to a rifting phase that resulted in the Coiba Microplate’s separation from the Nazca Plate along the Sandra Rift. 相似文献