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1.
黄海中部近岸浅海区第四纪孢粉及其古植被古气候意义   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
通过分析黄海中部QC_2孔的孢粉地层,本文论述了该海域180万年以来的古植被古气候变化历史。其中早更新世早期为一寒冷期,晚期则为一湿热期,为该孔所揭露的最高温时期,中更新世早期气候波动较频繁,经历了冷—暖—冷—暖四个气候亚期。中更新世晚期气候严寒。晚更新世早期气候温暖,晚期虽然气候有波动,但总体上为一寒冷期。全新世气候相对温暖。  相似文献   

2.
东海长江口区晚第四纪孢粉组合及其地质意义   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过第四纪沉积物孢粉分析,反映了本区及其周围区域晚第四纪时期的古植被和古气候.晚更新世晚期以松、蒿为主的针阔叶混交林—草原植被,代表第四纪末次冰期盛冰段影响下形成的冷干植物群,气候冷凉干燥,年均气温较现代低6.5—10℃左右,全新世中期为常绿落叶阔叶混交林,气候湿热,年均气温比现代长江下游地区高2—4℃左右.依据气候地层学原则,划分了本区全新世与更新世地层的界线.  相似文献   

3.
本文利用珠江口盆地四个工程钻井的古生物、古地磁、同位素及沉积物资料,对钻孔所揭露的地层进行划分,认为所钻遇的地层包括下更新统(上部)、中更新统、上更新统及全新统。依据古生物分异度及含量作出海平面变化曲线,识别出十个海侵期,利用钙质超微化石特征种的初现面和末现面资料,将本区海平面变化曲线与太平洋V_(28-239)氧同位素曲线对比,分析了本区晚第四纪以来的沉积环境和气候,认为早更新世晚期,中更新世中期,晚更新世早期及全新世本区气候温暖,沉积环境属陆架浅海环境。  相似文献   

4.
放牛山遗址是长江下游一处重要的旧石器遗址。根据ESR测年、粒度和磁化率等综合分析,探讨了该地区中更新世中晚期下蜀黄土堆积时的古环境。分析表明,本区中更新世中晚期经历了4个气候相对温湿阶段:0.12-0.16、0.18-0.20、0.26和0.32MaBP,下蜀黄土是中更新世庐山冰期气候比较干凉时期的风成堆积,下蜀黄土堆积时气候环境总体上要比北方黄土热得多。磁化率与古温度、古降水量的回归关系分析表明,中更新世中晚期比中更新世中期气候更加干冷,更有利于黄土堆积。  相似文献   

5.
福建沿海断陷盆地和平原区的晚第四纪地层   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
据根CK—7孔的绝对年代学及气候地层学研究,包括~14C测年、古地磁地层、孢粉分析、微体古生物分析以及粘土矿物分析,本区晚第四纪地层可以划分为上更新统和全新统;上更新统可以进一步划分为a、b、c、d四段;全新统可以划分为a,b两段。文中还讨论了本区晚更新世以来的气候变化、海面变化以及沉积环境的演变,发现有三次明显的海侵,它们分别与温暖气候期相对应。  相似文献   

6.
中更新世以来新疆罗布泊地区气候演化过程   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
综合罗布泊LS2孔的碳酸盐含量、总有机碳、总氮和碳氮比的多指标分析,重建了该地区中更新世以来的沉积环境和气候环境的演化过程。结果表明,中更新世以来罗布泊地区沉积环境经历了中更新世的浅湖相沉积(厚度为12m)—滨湖相沉积(厚度约为46m)—浅湖相沉积(厚度为11m)—滨湖相沉积(厚度为28m)—晚更新世至今的滨湖相向风成相沉积(厚度约为18m)环境的演变过程;气候演化过程可以分为7个阶段:阶段Ⅰ(深度115~103m)气候由暖干向冷干气候转变;阶段Ⅱ(深度103~82m)冷湿和暖干交替变化;阶段Ⅲ(深度82~67m)气候相对暖干;阶段Ⅳ(深度67~57m)气候冷湿;阶段Ⅴ(深度57~46m.)气候温暖且偏干;阶段Ⅵ(深度46~18m)气候主要在冷湿背景下夹有3次暖干的气候波动;阶段Ⅶ(深度18~0m)气候干旱化加剧。该研究表明,中更新世时期罗布泊地区沉积环境以浅湖相—滨湖相为主,并在晚更新世发展为以风成相堆积为主;气候变化的水热组合形式主要遵循着"冷湿—暖干"的变化模式。  相似文献   

7.
鲁中黄土粒度特征及其成因探讨   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
鲁中黄土是风成的,主要由低空地方风系(北向风)搬运的近源物质堆积而成,其次是高空气流携带而来的内陆远源物质;主要物源区为冰期裸霞的莱州湾海底和黄泛平原。粗颗粒含量变化一较好地反映本区气候的冷暖周期变化。中更新世中后期本区开始转冷,发育离石黄土;末次间冰期时,气候温湿形成厚层S1;到末次冰期气候变得更为干冷,冬季风效应增强,粗颗粒含量增多。到全新世气候向现代气候转变,但在转暖的过程中有短回冷事件,形  相似文献   

8.
本文研究了全新世以来苏北平原古地理环境的演变过程。结果指出:晚更新世,海面下降,本区为陆地环境。在早全新世及中全新世期间,全世界气候转暖,海面迅速上升,本区发生海侵,东部成为一片浅海。其后,海面缓慢下降,本区发育了古砂堤群,并形成了南、北两大泻湖区。晚全新世,因黄河夺淮,大量泥沙带至里下河及硕项一桑墟和艾塘泻湖区,古泻湖被淡化,最终淤积为平原。东部海岸线迅速东迁,形成了黄淮三角洲与滨海平原。  相似文献   

9.
冲绳海槽西北侧大陆架向大陆坡转折处表层沉积物中微型腹足类动物群具有混合的生态特征,这与现代海洋沉积环境并不一致。腹足类动物群中除少数种类为陆坡深海分子,多数种类属内陆架区或近岸浅水分子。因此,动物群主要反映了晚更新世末次冰期低海平面的海洋环境,而少数深海种类的混入应与黑潮暖流在冲绳北端所形成的上升流有关。根据本区腹足类在其他海区的时空分布规律,本文认为在更新世末次冰期,黑潮暖流仍对本区有重要影响,并控制着腹足类的分布。本区腹足类这种混合的生态特征是晚更新世末次冰期以来各种海洋动力环境叠加影响的结果。  相似文献   

10.
本文根据沼泽剖面的 ~(14)C测年、孢粉分析、粘土矿物X-衍射分析、植物残体鉴定和沉积物化学元素资料,研究了晚更新世末期以来三江平原沼泽发育与古地理环境演变。结果表明,沼泽发生及其发展与古地理环境演变有极其密切的关系。可分为四个时期:晚更新世末期沼泽孕育期,早全新世沼泽萌芽发育期,中全新世沼泽旺盛发育期,晚全新世沼泽继续扩大发育期。距今11000年左右应为本区晚更新世与全新世的分界。腐泥层底是全新统的下界。同江县勤得利农场十九队、抚远县创业队沼泽剖面可作为本区全新世的标准剖面。泥炭积累速率为晚全新世>早全新世>中全新世。  相似文献   

11.
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.  相似文献   

12.
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.  相似文献   

13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。  相似文献   

14.
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.  相似文献   

15.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.  相似文献   

16.
17.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,  相似文献   

18.
19.
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

20.
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.  相似文献   

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