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1.
钻井和地震资料的丰富程度决定了储层预测研究精度。在多井区,利用地震属性及单井沉积相来确定平面沉积相,研究精度高;而在少井、无井区的海域,如何利用地震资料进行沉积储层研究,至今没有一个成熟的方法。渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷西环BZ3-1区钻井较少,完整钻遇到沙河街组的井则更少,以该区的沙河街组为例,基于地震多属性分析技术,结合古地貌分析,半定量确定研究区的沉积体系分布特征。通过三维可视化技术和切片技术的高精度三维沉积体系分析表明,由于三级层序发育于二级层序的不同体系域,会导致三级层序的体系域沉积体发育特征的不同。沙三段SQsl3层序发育于二级层序的低位体系域(LST),其低位体系域的扇体规模要远远大于高位体系域(HST)的扇体;SQs3m层序发育于二级层序的水进体系域(HST),其低位体系域三角洲朵体规模与高位体系域的三角洲朵体相当;SQs3u层序发育于二级层序的高位体系域,其高位体系域三角洲朵体规模远远大于低位体系域的三角洲朵体。 相似文献
2.
通过大量的地震、钻井、录井、测井等资料分析,针对塔里木东部地区(简称塔东地区)上奥陶统进行了层序地层和沉积学方面的研究,结果表明,塔东地区上奥陶统可识别出1个二级层序、3个三级层序,自下而上分别是层序SQ1、SQ2和SQ3。层序SQ1识别出TST体系域,为一套深水盆地沉积,发育深水盆地、浊流沉积;层序SQ2可三分为LST、TST和HST体系域,LST体系域发育海退背景下的陆架边缘三角洲沉积,TST体系域为快速水进期,发育海相泥岩沉积,HST发育高水位滨岸沉积;SQ3发育浅海沉积,主要为三角洲—滨岸沉积体系。地层层序发育和沉积相分布受控于构造运动、沉积物源供给和相对海平面升降3个因素。3套层序的划分明确了塔东地区上奥陶统潜在的源岩层、储层和盖层的分布,其中层序SQ1为有利的烃源岩层、SQ2陆架边缘三角洲是潜在的有利储层,SQ3发育的滨岸砂岩为已经证实的油气藏。 相似文献
3.
东海陆架盆地丽水凹陷古新统明月峰组发育典型的海底扇沉积,且已获得工业油气发现。该文利用现有地震地质资料,运用层序地层学理论方法,总结出丽水凹陷的海底扇沉积模式。海底扇沉积相标志包括:岩心主要表现为滑塌揉皱、包卷层理、泄水构造、块状砂岩、黑色泥岩撕裂屑、漂砾、砂注等构造;C-M图主要表现为重力流沉积特征;结构成熟度和成分成熟度中等—差。扇体地震反射结构主要为顺物源方向双向下超,垂直物源方向丘状反射特征,平面地震属性显示为典型扇形。丽水凹陷明月峰组由低位体系域、水进体系域和高位体系域组成,其中海底扇发育在低位体系域,在扇体近端发育多个下切谷,下切谷下切规模较大;坡折主要划分为断裂坡折和沉积坡折,其中断坡坡度较大,坡度7.2°左右,沉积坡折坡度较小,一般在5°左右,与下切谷相对应在谷口形成一系列的扇体,沟–坡–扇耦合关系良好。扇体规模较大,单个扇体面积最大124 km2,整个低位域由6个扇体组成,展示了丽水凹陷良好的岩性圈闭勘探前景。本次研究根据扇体的成因特点建立明月峰组低位域时期沟–坡–扇沉积模式,对指导勘探寻找出岩性圈闭和开创丽水凹陷油气勘探新局面具有一定意义。 相似文献
4.
方正断陷三维区沉积演化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用层序地层学分层基础下的沉积学原理,依据各种数据,进行了各级层序单元的识别与划分,在本区识别出扇三角洲相、湖泊相和湖底扇相3类沉积相,进一步划分为8种沉积亚相和16种沉积微相;通过地震相研究及砂体的预测,进行了各层段微相的平面展布特征研究。结果表明研究区主要发育由方正断陷边缘和依汉通断裂向方正断陷中心推进的扇三角洲—湖泊沉积体系。 相似文献
5.
西沙海槽盆地是南海北部陆坡西段的一个勘探程度较低的大型新生代深水沉积盆地。基于新采集的高精度多道地震资料并结合周边地区地质特征对盆地进行了层序地层分析,在研究区内识别出8个地震反射界面,结合地震剖面振幅旋回性变化,将研究区新生代地层划分了3个超层序和8个层序,并进一步论述了各层序的顶底接触关系、地震反射特征、地层厚度、层速度及砂岩含量等。在层序格架内识别出5类典型的地震相:平行-亚平行相、楔状发散相、前积相、杂乱相及水道充填相。在地震相划分和沉积相分析的基础上,通过对各层序沉积特征和沉积发育史的分析,认为始新世研究区呈现出陆相湖盆沉积体系特征;渐新世,盆地遭受海侵,研究区接受滨海相和浅海相沉积;早中新世,盆地中部沉积大规模半深海相沉积;中中新世末海平面出现下降,陆坡半深海环境的范围有所减小,西沙海槽浊积水道的雏形形成;晚中新世之后,研究区进入稳定的区域沉降阶段,主要发育了一套半深海-深海相泥岩沉积。此外,由研究区南北缘隆起区提供物源在层序内部还发育有近岸水下扇、三角洲、扇三角洲等沉积体,由地形高差控制作用在陡坡带或断层下降盘还形成了斜坡扇、浊积体。 相似文献
6.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(1)
西沙海槽盆地是南海北部陆坡西段的一个勘探程度较低的大型新生代深水沉积盆地。基于新采集的高精度多道地震资料并结合周边地区地质特征对盆地进行了层序地层分析,在研究区内识别出8个地震反射界面,结合地震剖面振幅旋回性变化,将研究区新生代地层划分了3个超层序和8个层序,并进一步论述了各层序的顶底接触关系、地震反射特征、地层厚度、层速度及砂岩含量等。在层序格架内识别出5类典型的地震相:平行-亚平行相、楔状发散相、前积相、杂乱相及水道充填相。在地震相划分和沉积相分析的基础上,通过对各层序沉积特征和沉积发育史的分析,认为始新世研究区呈现出陆相湖盆沉积体系特征;渐新世,盆地遭受海侵,研究区接受滨海相和浅海相沉积;早中新世,盆地中部沉积大规模半深海相沉积;中中新世末海平面出现下降,陆坡半深海环境的范围有所减小,西沙海槽浊积水道的雏形形成;晚中新世之后,研究区进入稳定的区域沉降阶段,主要发育了一套半深海-深海相泥岩沉积。此外,由研究区南北缘隆起区提供物源在层序内部还发育有近岸水下扇、三角洲、扇三角洲等沉积体,由地形高差控制作用在陡坡带或断层下降盘还形成了斜坡扇、浊积体。 相似文献
7.
研究区位于渤中凹陷与黄河口凹陷之间,其沙三段为扇三角洲沉积,而由于埋藏深、储层致密、砂体分布规律认识不清等因素,严重制约了油田的开发,因此,确定沙三段扇三角洲砂体展布规律、识别有利储层成为开发地质重点研究内容。沙三段沉积时期处于渤海湾盆地第2次裂陷作用时期,为典型的断陷湖盆,研究区沙三段层序处于湖扩体系域,靠近盆缘断裂,扇三角洲向湖盆方向发育,并随湖平面上升呈退积型沉积。本次研究参考退积型扇三角洲野外露头特征,通过井震结合,利用井位电性特征与地震同相轴对应关系及地震时频分析对扇三角洲期次进行划分;通过统计地震资料沟谷分布,对扇三角洲水下分流河道分布及走向进行刻画,进一步根据井位砂体厚度与井距间关系式对砂体尖灭位置进行定量表征,利用以上方法将各期砂体展布情况进行描述;通过对低渗储层形成影响因素进行分析,对油田沙三段有利储层进行预测,为油田下步调整提供依据。 相似文献
8.
利用层序地层学、沉积学原理和方法,对琼东南盆地古近系陵水组进行了层序划分和沉积体系时空配置关系的研究。建立了陵水组的层序地层格架,将其划分为Els3、ElS2和Elsl三个三级层序,其层序和体系域变化主要受控于凹陷内沉降中心的分布位置,沉积主要受控于盆地边缘的断坡带。每个三级层序低位体系域发育局限,海侵与高位体系域发育。沉积体系构成以扇三角洲、三角洲、滨海平原和浅海为主。探讨了沉积体系的演化,总结了其时空配置关系的特点。 相似文献
9.
为了明确白云凹陷北坡珠江组下段陆架边缘三角洲的形成演化阶段及其主要控制因素,采用地震沉积学、层序地层学的相关理论和方法,结合钻测井数据、地震反射结构特征和均方根振幅属性等资料,在前人研究的基础上对该陆架边缘三角洲的识别特征、演化模式和控制因素进行了重新认识和探讨分析。结果表明:陆架边缘三角洲在顺物源方向具有高角度斜交型前积反射,缺乏顶积层的海岸平原相,其前端发育盆底扇沉积;垂向沉积序列以多期反旋回的前三角洲、席状砂、河口沙坝和水下分流河道的叠置为特征,发育陆坡区常见的生物扰动、泥质条带变形和滑塌、滑动现象;珠江组下段陆架边缘三角洲形成于强制海退体系域时期,并伴随着盆底扇的发育,而低位体系域时期主要发育斜坡扇和低位楔状体;构造活动促使白云凹陷北坡在珠江组下段时期形成稳定分布的陆架坡折带,珠江组下段时期古珠江携带的充沛物源和该时期强烈的海平面下降使碎屑沉积物能够进积至陆架边缘,甚至陆坡地区形成陆架边缘三角洲沉积。 相似文献
10.
《热带海洋学报》2016,(4)
油气勘探与开发实践表明,在少井、无井及低分辨率地震资料的海域,利用地震沉积学的方法和技术,可有效建立高频层序地层格架,刻画沉积体系演化规律,这是陆相断陷湖盆地层—岩性油气藏勘探的有效手段。本研究以番禺4洼古近系文昌组为例,在地震沉积学理论指导下,基于高分辨率处理地震资料,在三级层序地层格架约束下,以体系域旋回为单位,结合单井的岩性资料,利用90°相位转换、地层切片及定量岩石物理分析技术,对珠江口盆地番禺4洼始新统文昌组开展了地震沉积学研究,划分了6个三级层序,建立了地层岩性与地震极性关系,并对已钻井开展岩石物理分析,最终在SQ2筛选不同时期切片,雕刻了文二段沉积时期,东、西两侧向湖盆推进的扇三角洲、近岸水下扇及辫状河三角洲的沉积体系展布和演化规律。 相似文献
11.
通过对辽东湾高分辨率浅地层剖面声学地层与典型钻孔沉积地层的对比分析,揭示了研究区晚第四纪MIS5以来的地层层序。辽东湾高分辨率浅地层剖面自下而上划定的6个声学地层单元(SU5、SU4、SU3、SU2、SU12、SU11)与钻孔岩芯划分的6个沉积地层单元(DU5、DU4、DU3、DU2、DU12、DU11)具有良好的对应关系。分别与MIS4期、MIS2期低海面时期的沉积间断密切相关的两个层序界面R5、R3,将辽东湾识别出的地层单元自下而上划分为3个层序(SQ3、SQ2、SQ1)。其中SQ3仅识别出上部的海侵体系域与高水位体系域,对应MIS5期海平面相对较高时期的滨浅海相沉积(DU5);SQ2自下而上由低水位体系域(MIS4期的河流相与河道充填相沉积(DU4))与海侵体系域(MIS3期早中期滨海相沉积(DU3))组成;SQ1自下而上包括低水位体系域(MIS2期的河流相与河道充填相沉积(DU2))、海侵体系域(全新世早中期滨海相沉积(DU12))高水位体系域(全新世高海面以来的浅海相沉积(DU11))。研究区的海侵体系域厚度较薄且变化较小,分布广泛,而低水位体系域厚度与横向分布均变化较大。 相似文献
12.
台湾海峡晚更新世以来的高分辨率地震地层学研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于4 530 km高分辨率单道地震数据和钻孔资料,采用高分辨率地震地层学的方法,对台湾海峡晚更新世以来的地层进行了划分,自上而下共识别出R0、R1、R2、R3、R4等5个主要反射界面,分别对应海底、3 ka BP前后高海平面、最大海泛面、海侵面和 Ⅰ 型层序界面,并以此划分出4个地层单元:晚全新世浅海-滨海沉积A,中全新世浅海沉积B,早全新世海侵沉积C,晚更新世陆相河流沉积D。在海平面变化的作用下,海峡地区先后发育低水位沉积D（低位体系域）,海侵沉积C （海侵体系域）、高水位沉积B和A（高位体系域）。研究了台湾海峡的典型地震相,提出了关于台中浅滩（云彰隆起）处的楔状沉积体的新观点,认为该楔状体为全新世中期以来形成的三角洲沉积受波浪和潮流作用改造而形成的潮流沙脊,其物质主要来源于台湾。识别出了晚更新世和早全新世古河道沉积,海平面变化和地势高低是其形成时间差异的主要因素。 相似文献
13.
松辽盆地泉四段扶余油层地层层序新认识 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
松辽盆地泉四段扶余油层发育浅水湖泊三角洲相和浅水湖泊相，沉积构造环境属于闭塞浅水坳陷湖盆，其层序特征类似于稳定克拉通盆地层序，也类似于缓坡被动大陆边缘型盆地层序，气候是控制陆相坳陷盆地层序形成的主要因素，三级层序内总体应表现为水进体系域-高位体系域构成1个完整的层序，而低位体系域不发育。通过岩心、录井、地震等资料研究分析，认为泉四段扶余油层是1个三级层序，发育水进体系域和顶部薄层强制水退边缘体系域；泉四段与泉三段地层分界是其层序的底界；泉四段顶界地震反射层T2也是层序边界，是泉四段三级层序的顶界。精确识别和建立地层层序格架对石油勘探开发具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
14.
珠江口盆地中部珠海组—珠江组层序结构及沉积特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
南海北部珠江口盆地珠海组分为SQ32、SQ25.5两个三级层序,珠江组划分为SQ23.8、SQ21、SQ17.5和SQ16.5四个三级层序,其中前3个层序分为水进域、高位域,后3个层序分为低位域、水进域和高位域。珠江组初期的白云运动使珠海组的浅水陆架环境变更为珠江组的陆架-陆坡沉积环境,造就了古地貌的更迭、层序界面的形成和沉积相的突变。层序界面在陆架主要为粗粒沉积物形成的侵蚀界面、浅水暴露界面,而陆坡为下切水道、丘状扇体底部侵蚀界面和滑塌层。层序的更迭使古珠江三角洲物源供给强度呈现强-弱-强-弱的特点,即珠海组时期的三角洲为陆架三角洲,沉积规模大;之后珠江组物源变弱,珠江组各层序低位域形成陆架边缘三角洲,水进域、高位域演化为陆架三角洲。低位期的三角洲前缘带越过坡折带沉积,并与陆架外的峡谷水道相连,三角洲进积、加积的碎屑沉积物向上陆坡内的白云凹陷内沉积,形成深水扇。因此,相对海平面变化、构造升降和沉积物供给强度控制着层序结构和沉积体展布。 相似文献
15.
The evolution of large-scale paleo-uplifts within sedimentary basins controls the sedimentary provenance, depositional systems and hydrocarbon distributions. This study aims to unravel changes in paleo-geomorphology, interpret sedimentary sequence evolution, and investigate favourable reservoir types and the hydrocarbon distribution during the buried stage of a long-term eroded paleo-uplift, taking the Lower Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation (K1q) in the Junggar Basin as an example. These research topics have rarely been studied or are poorly understood. This study integrates current drilling production data with outcrop and core analyses, drilling well logs, 3D seismic data interpretations, grading data, physical property comparisons and identified hydrocarbon distributions.After more than 20 million years of differential river erosion and weathering in arid conditions, the large-scale Chemo paleo-uplift within the hinterland area of the basin formed a distinctive valley–monadnock paleo-geomorphology prior to the deposition of K1q. Since the Early Cretaceous, tectonic subsidence and humid conditions have caused the base level (lake level) to rise, leading to backfilling of valleys and burial processes. Two systems tracts in the target strata of K1q, consisting of distinctive depositional systems, can be identified: (1) a lowstand systems tract (LST), which is confined within incised valleys and is mainly composed of gravelly braided rivers and rarely occurring debris flows and (2) an extensive transgressive systems tract (TST), which developed into an almost flat landform and consists of braided river delta to lacustrine depositional systems. Overall, the physical properties of braided river reservoirs in the LST are better than those of the braided river delta reservoirs in the TST. However, the inhomogeneous distributions of carbonate cements cause differences in the physical properties of conglomerate reservoirs in the LST. However, for sandstones in both the LST and TST, coarser grain sizes and better sorting result in better physical properties. Altogether, four types of reservoir can be identified in the study area: Jurassic inner monadnock reservoirs, K1q LST stratigraphic onlap reservoirs, LST structural reservoirs and TST structural reservoirs. 相似文献
16.
Delta-front sand bodies with large remaining hydrocarbon reserves are widespread in the Upper Cretaceous Yaojia Formation in the Longxi area of the Western Slope, Songliao Basin, China. High-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology are performed based on core observations, well logs, and seismic profile interpretations. An evaluation of the reservoir quality of the Yaojia Formation is critical for further petroleum exploration and development. The Yaojia Formation is interpreted as a third-order sequence, comprising a transgressive systems tract (TST) and a regressive systems tract (RST), which spans 4.5 Myr during the Late Cretaceous. Within this third-order sequence, nine fourth-order sequences (FS9–FS1) are recognized. The average duration of a fourth-order sequence is approximately 0.5 Myr. The TST (FS9–FS5) mostly comprises subaqueous distributary channel fills, mouth bars, and distal bars, which pass upward into shallow-lake facies of the TST top (FS5). The RST (FS4–FS1) mainly contains subaqueous distributary-channel and interdistributary-bay deposits. Based on thin-sections, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and high-pressure mercury-intrusion (HPMI) analyses, a petrographic study is conducted to explore the impact of the sedimentary cyclicity and facies changes on reservoir quality. The Yaojia sandstones are mainly composed of lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenites. The sandstone cements mostly include calcite, illite, chlorite, and secondary quartz, occurring as grain coating or filling pores. The Yaojia sandstones have average core plug porosity of 18.55% and permeability of 100.77 × 10−3 μm2, which results from abundant intergranular pores and dissolved pores with good connectivity. Due to the relatively coarser sediments and abundant dissolved pores in the feldspars, the FS4–FS1 sandstones have better reservoir quality than the FS9–FS5 sandstones, developing relatively higher porosity and permeability, especially the FS1 and FS2 sandstones. The source–reservoir–cap-rock assemblages were formed with the adjoining semi-deep lake mudstones that were developed in the Nenjiang and Qingshankou Formations. This study reveals the deposition and distribution of the delta-front sand bodies of the Yaojia Formation within a sequence stratigraphic framework as well as the factors controlling the Yaojia sandstones reservoir quality. The research is of great significance for the further exploration of the Yaojia Formation in the Longxi area, as well as in other similar lacustrine contexts. 相似文献
17.
Differing seismic facies are observed from within the Westphalian sequences of the southern North Sea. A review of published synthetic seismograms and seismic data from known coal-bearing basins establishes seismic facies types and their relationships. Similar reflection character is recognized from Westphalian sequences in the southern North Sea and lithologies confirmed by borehole information. Probable sand/silt or clastic-prone Upper Coal Measures (Westphalian C/D) stages and coal-prone Lower and Middle Coal Measures (Westphalian A, B and part C) stages can be defined and mapped, providing information on the regional distribution of source and reservoir rocks and stratigraphic plays. It is suggested that sand-prone channel complexes or clastic dominated areas within the mainly A/B stages can be recognized and mapped, providing information on migration pathways and stratigraphic plays. 相似文献
18.
The Eocene Niubao Formation of the Lunpola Basin, a large Cenozoic intermontane basin in central Tibet, is an important potential hydrocarbon source and reservoir unit. It represents ∼20 Myr of lacustrine sedimentation in a half-graben with a sharply fault-bounded northern margin and a low-angle flexural southern margin, resulting in a highly asymmetric distribution of depositional facies and sediment thicknesses along the N-S axis of the basin. An integrated investigation of well-logs, seismic data, cores and outcrops revealed three third-order sequences (SQ1 to SQ3), each representing a cycle of rising and falling lake levels yielding lowstand, transgressive, and highstand systems tracts. Lowstand systems tracts (LST) include delta and fan delta facies spread widely along the gentle southern margin and concentrated narrowly along the steep northern margin of the basin, with sublacustrine fan sand bodies extending into the basin center. Highstand systems tracts (HST) include expanded areas of basin-center shale deposition, with sublacustrine fans, deltas and fan deltas locally developed along the basin margins. Sequence development may reflect episodes of tectonic uplift and base-level changes. The southern margin of the basin exhibits two different structural styles that locally influenced sequence development, i.e., a multi-step fault belt in the south-central sector and a flexure belt in the southeastern sector. The sedimentary model and sequence stratigraphic framework developed in this study demonstrate that N2 (the middle member of Niubao Formation) exhibits superior hydrocarbon potential, characterized by thicker source rocks and a wider distribution of sand-body reservoirs, although N3 (the upper member of Niubao Formation) also has good potential. Fault-controlled lithologic traps are plentiful along the basin margins, representing attractive targets for future exploratory drilling for hydrocarbons. 相似文献
19.
Thin-bedded beach-bar sandstone reservoirs are common in the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es4s) of Niuzhuang Sag, along the southern gentle slope of the Dongying Depression. Here we report on the link between sequence stratigraphy, sedimentary facies and diagenetic effects on reservoir quality. Seismic data, wireline logs, core observations and analyses are used to interpret depositional settings and sequence stratigraphic framework. Petrographic study based on microscopic observation of optical, cathodoluminescence (CL), confocal laser scanning (LSCM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used to describe the fabric, texture, allogenic and authigenic mineralogy of these highly heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs. The Es4s interval is interpreted as third-order sequence, composed of a lowstand systems tract (LST), a transgressive systems tract (TST) and a highstand systems tract (HST). On the fourth order, twenty-nine parasequences and seven parasequence sets have been identified. Sand bodies were deposited mainly in the shoreface shallow lake beach-bar (clastic beach-bar), semi-deep lake (carbonate beach-bar) and the fluvial channels. The depositional and diagenetic heterogeneities were mainly due to the following factors: (1) fine grain size, poor sorting, and continuous thin inter-bedded mud layers with siltstone/fine-sandstone having argillaceous layers in regular intervals, (2) immature sediment composition, and (3) even with the dissolution of grains and several fractures, destruction of porosity by cementation and compaction. Secondary pores from feldspar dissolution are better developed in sandstones with increased cementation. Grain coating smectite clays preserved the primary porosity at places while dominating pore filling authigenic illite and illite/smectite clays reduced permeability with little impact on porosity. Due to the high degree of heterogeneity in the Es4s beach-bar interval, it is recognized as middle to low permeable reservoir. The aforementioned study reflects significant insight into the understanding of the properties of the beach-bar sands and valuable for the comprehensive reservoir characterization and overall reservoir bed quality. 相似文献