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1.
Jurassic-Cretaceous rift successions and basin geometries of the Sverdrup Basin are reconstructed from a review and integration of stratigraphy, igneous records, outcrop maps, and subsurface data. The rift onset unconformity is in the Lower Jurassic portion of the Heiberg Group (approximately 200–190 Ma). Facies transgress from early syn-rift sandstones of the King Christian Formation to marine mudstones of the Jameson Bay Formation. The syn-rift succession of marine mudstones in the basin centre, Jameson Bay to Deer Bay formations, ranges from Early Jurassic (Pleinsbachian) to Early Cretaceous (Valanginian). Early post-rift deposits of the lower Isachsen Formation are truncated by the sub-Hauterivian unconformity, which is interpreted as a break up unconformity at approximately 135–130 Ma. Cessation of rift subsidence allowed for late post-rift sandstone deposits of the Isachsen Formation to be distributed across the entire basin. Marine deposition to form mudstone of the Christopher Formation throughout the Canadian Arctic Islands and outside of the rift basin records establishment of a broad marine shelf during post-rift thermal subsidence at the start of a passive margin stage. The onset of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province at approximately 130 Ma appears to coincide with the breakup unconformity, and it is quite typical that magma-poor rifted margins have mainly post-rift igneous rocks. We extend the magma-poor characterization where rifting is driven by lithospheric extension, to speculatively consider that the records from Sverdrup Basin are consistent with tectonic models of retro-arc extension and intra-continental rifting that have previously been proposed for the Amerasia Basin under the Arctic Ocean.  相似文献   

2.
A New Scenario of the Parece Vela Basin Genesis   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
Okino  K.  Kasuga  S.  Ohara  Y. 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1998,20(1):21-40
A new high density geophysical data set in the Parece Vela Basin north of 15°N has been obtained through surveys conducted by the Hydrographic Department of Japan. The combined analyses of the swath bathymetry, magnetic and gravity anomalies from these surveys reveal a new scenario for the genesis of this basin. The evolutionary process is as follows: rifting and crust thinning (29–26 Ma), northward propagation of east-west opening (26-23 Ma) , east-west opening together with the Shikoku Basin (23–21 Ma), and the northeast-southwest opening (20/19–15 Ma). The western part of the basin is complicated, displaying some traces of northward propagation of the spreading center. The change between early east-west opening and the final stage of northeast-southwest spreading is marked by a distinct north-south boundary in both structural and magnetic patterns. Deep and rough topography of the extinct Parece Vela Rift is due to magma starvation in the terminal phase of the spreading.  相似文献   

3.
In the past decade, the geophysical database in the northern North Atlantic and central Arctic Ocean constantly grew. Though far from being complete, the information from new aeromagnetic and seismic data north of the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone and in the Arctic Ocean, in combination with existing compiled geological and geophysical data, is used to produce paleo-bathymetric maps for several Cenozoic time intervals. This paleo-bathymetric model provides evidence for an initial deep-water exchange through the Fram Strait starting around 17 Ma. Furthermore, the model suggests that crustal rifting prior to initial seafloor spreading might have facilitated an earlier deep-water connection. This confirms that the paleo-topography of the Yermak Plateau played an important role in allowing at least the exchange of shallow water between the northern North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean before the opening of the deep-water Fram Strait gateway. In the south of the research area the paleo-bathymetric model indicates that the first possibility for a deep-water overflow from the Norwegian-Greenland Sea to the North Atlantic could have been between 15 and 20 Ma.  相似文献   

4.
The paper analyzes the duration and causes of the Middle Cenozoic hiatus in sedimentation in the near-polar part of the Lomonosov Ridge, revealed during biostratigraphic research of ACEX borehole deposits. Arguments are presented against the existence of a long hiatus between sediments of lithological complexes 1/5 and 1/6. The Lomonosov Ridge naturally subsided in the Cenozoic as a result of cooling of the lithosphere after riftogenesis. However, the level of the Arctic Ocean in its isolation period (49(?)–36.6 Ma) could have been lower than the level of the World Ocean due to decelerated spreading in the Eurasian Basin. A brief hiatus in sedimentation was caused by opening of the Fram Strait around 36.6 Ma and the infiltration of intermediate Atlantic waters, which could have interacted with the Lomonosov Ridge, leading to the erosion or nondeposition of particles on its surface.  相似文献   

5.
The Jane Arc and Basin system is located at the eastern offshore prolongation of the Antarctic Peninsula, along the southern margin of the South Orkney Microcontinent. Three magnetic anomaly profiles orthogonal to the main tectonic and bathymetric trends were recorded during the SCAN97 cruise by the Spanish R/V Hespérides. In our profiles, chron C6n (19.5 Ma) was identified as the youngest oceanic crust of the Northern Weddell Sea, whose northern spreading branch was totally subducted. The profiles from the Jane Basin allow us to date, for the first time, the age of the oceanic crust using linear sea floor magnetic anomalies. The spreading in the Jane Basin began around the age of the oldest magnetic anomaly at 17.6 Ma (chron C5Dn), and ended about 14.4 Ma (chron C5ADn). The distribution of the magnetic anomalies indicate that the mechanism responsible for the development of Jane Basin was the subduction of the Weddell Sea spreading centre below the SE margin of the South Orkney Microcontinent, suggesting a novel mechanism for an extreme case of backarc development.  相似文献   

6.
Integrated geological and geophysical analysis of the anomalous magnetic field along with the previously unpublished profiles of Spanish expeditions onboard the R/V Hesperides and international databases of geomagnetic data processed in the context of the global tectonics concepts made it possible to identify paleomagnetic anomalies C11–C15 and compile the first map of the bottom geochronology of the Scan Basin. Unlike in earlier known publications, the paleoaxis of spreading does extend northeast, but approximately at an angle of 345°. According to calculations, spreading began 35.294?35.706 Ma ago during chron C15r, and the spreading paleoaxis was abandoned 29.527?29.970 Ma ago during chron C11n.2n. Thus, the destruction of the American–Antarctic bridge in the region joining the Bruce and Discovery banks with formation of oceanic crust in the Scan Basin started about 36 Ma ago. Regular spreading of the bottom has been continuing for about 6 Ma at a average rate close to 1.8 cm/year.  相似文献   

7.
Approximately 147000 km of low-level (450 m) aeromagnetic tracks were flown over the Arctic Ocean and adjacent Greenland and Norwegian Seas, for the greater part with a digitally recording nuclear precession magnetometer designed and built by Wold (1964). The digital recording feature of the system facilitated numerous data processing and analytical techniques which are described herein. These include: noise filtering coordinate conversion, removal of the regional field, second derivatives, downward continuations, polynomial fits of varying degrees to profiles and surfaces, numerical approximations, and depth to source calculations. Using these data and interpretative techniques some inferences could be made about the geologic structure and evolution of the Arctic Ocean Basin. Salient amongst these are: both gravity and magnetic data suggest that there is a 2 1/2 km basement uplift in the eastern Chukchi Shelf associated with the Tigara structure which truncates the western end of Lisburne Peninsula. A 30–40 km wide basement root encircles the Chukchi Rise and extends over 30 km into the mantle. Within the Canda Basin there is a thickening of sediments from the Asian continental margin toward the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Sediment thickness in the Makarov Basin is 1–1 1/2 km. There appears to be only about a 1/2 km sediment cover in the Fram and Nautilus Basins. The absence of large amplitude magnetic anomalies over these basins is attributed to a 10 km elevation of the Curie isotherm. The Alpha and Nansen ridges produce magnetic profiles that show axial symmetry and correlate with profiles in the North Atlantic. A quantitative attempt has been made to verify these correlations, which infer that the Alpha Cordillera became inactive 40 mybp when the locus of rifting shifted to the Nansen Cordillera. The absence of significant magnetic anomalies over the Lomonosov Ridge reinforces the hypothesis that it is a section of the former Eurasian continental margin that was translated into the Arctic Basin by sea-floor spreading along the Nansen Cordillera axis.  相似文献   

8.
本文对比了3个不同机构提供的北冰洋月均高度计数据,发现英国极地观测与建模中心和丹麦科技大学空间中心两套数据比较一致且空间覆盖率高,适用于北冰洋海平面变化研究,而前者在数据分辨率、平滑性和与验潮站的符合程度方面均更优。对高度计和验潮站数据的分析表明,北冰洋海平面的气候态特征表现为加拿大海盆的高值和欧亚海盆的低值之间形成鲜明对比;海平面的变化以季节变化和北极涛动引起的低频变化为主,加拿大海盆的季节和年际振幅均较大,俄罗斯沿岸海平面季节变化显著。2003?2014年,北冰洋平均海平面呈上升趋势,其中加拿大海盆海平面上升最快,而俄罗斯沿岸海平面有微弱下降趋势。加拿大海盆和俄罗斯沿岸由于海冰变化显著,不同高度计产品以及高度计与验潮站数据之间差别较大,使用时需慎重。  相似文献   

9.
北极地区具有丰富的油气资源,但是受极度寒冷气候和广泛分布冰盖的影响,北极是全球地质研究程度最低的地区之一。为此,基于最新地球物理数据,结合文献资料中的地貌、地质、矿产资源资料,编制了北极地区大地构造图(1:500万)。通过系统的编图研究,认为北极地区位于泛大陆腹地,中生代以来的构造演化受到冰岛地幔柱的垂向作用和欧亚-劳伦板块缓慢的顺时针旋转的水平作用共同制约。其构造演化可归纳为3个阶段:(1)早中生代:北亚-北美西北部(远东-科迪勒拉)造山带俯冲-造山增生阶段,古太平洋向北俯冲,古亚洲洋最终关闭,泛大陆最终形成;(2)侏罗纪-白垩纪:伴随着加拿大盆地张开,南阿纽伊洋盆俯冲消亡并形成南阿纽伊缝合带,两者之间在运动学上具有耦合联系,并伴随其间转换断层的调节作用;(3)新生代以来北大西洋中脊持续扩展传播,造成欧亚盆地张开和加科尔洋中脊发育。北极地区处于全球不同构造域之间的桥梁和枢纽。随着北冰洋洋盆伸展作用发展及加科尔洋中脊向南传播,它将西南贯通北太平洋构造域(远东造山带),彻底改变全球中生代以来的构造格局。  相似文献   

10.
Prior to extension of the lithosphere in the Eurasia Basin, the Yermak Plateau was an element of the Eurasian Arctic margin. Extension of the Barents Sea shelf culminated gradually in rifting of the continental crust with separation of this block from the continent during Chrons C25r?C26n (57.656?59.237 Ma ago) and emplacement of numerous basic dikes, which could be responsible for the formation of high-amplitude magnetic anomalies on the Yermak Plateau. The investigation included reconstruction of axes in the breakup zones along peripheral continental fragments of Spitsbergen with determination of the Euler poles and angles of rotation, which describe the kinematics of this process. It is revealed that the difference between depths of conjugate isobaths can be as large as many tens of meters, which reflects the nonuniformly scaled slide of peripheral areas of the continental crust along the plane of the crustal-penetrating fault and, correspondingly, their different subsidence during rifting.  相似文献   

11.
The Bransfield Basin is a narrow and elongated active rift basin located between the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands. The Bransfield Basin is composed of three small basins, and two of them, the Central and Eastern Bransfield Basins, were surveyed during a recent cruise (GEBRA 93). The full swath bathymetry coverage as well as the single-channel seismic reflection and magnetic profiles that have been acquired, help us to better understand the morphostructure and recent evolution of the Bransfield Basin. Six large volcanic edifices aligned with the basin axis stick out of the sedimented seafloor of the Central Bransfield Basin. In contrast, the Eastern Bransfield Basin is characterised by four deep troughs displaying a rhombic-shape, and small, scattered volcanic cones located in the southwestern half basin. Seamount volcanism plays an important role in the formation of new crust in the Bransfield Basin. The larger seamounts of the Central Bransfield Basin are located at the intersection of the two main orthogonal sets of faults (longitudinal ENE-WSW and transversal NNW-SSE). Morphological analysis of the seamounts indicates a multi-staged volcano-tectonic construction. The distribution and shape of these edifices suggests that both volcanism and extension are concentrated at the same preferential areas through time. This might be related to the fracturation style of the continental crust. The Central and Eastern Bransfield Basins are very different in morphostructure, volcanism, and sedimentary cover. The Central Bransfield Basin shows evidence of NW-SE extensional faulting and focused active MORB-volcanism interpreted as result of incipient seafloor spreading. The Eastern Bransfield Basin is still in a rifting stage, mainly dominated by a NW-SE extension and some left-lateral strike-slip component probably related to the South Scotia Ridge.J. Acosta, J. Baraza, P. Bart, A.M. Calafat, J.L. Casamor, M. De Batist, G. Ercilla, G. Francés, E. Ramos, J.L. Sanz, and A. Tassone.  相似文献   

12.
The East Vietnam Boundary Fault Zone (EVBFZ) forms the seaward extension of the Red River Shear Zone and interacted with the extensional rift systems in basins along the Central Vietnamese continental margin. The structural outline of the central Vietnamese margin and the timing of deformation are therefore fundamental to understanding the development of the South China Sea and its relation to Indochinese escape tectonism and the India-Eurasia collision. This study investigates the structural and stratigraphic evolution of the Central Vietnamese margin in a regional tectonic perspective based on new 2-D seismic and well data. The basin fill is divided into five major Oligocene to Recent sequences separated by unconformities. Deposition and the formation of unconformities were closely linked with transtension, rifting, the opening of the South China Sea and Late Neogene uplift and denudation of the eastern flank of Indochina. The structural outline of the Central Vietnamese margin favors a hybrid tectonic model involving both escape and slab-pull tectonics. Paleogene left-lateral transtension over the NNW-striking EVBFZ, occurred within the Song Hong Basin and the Quang Ngai Graben and over the Da Nang Shelf/western Phu Khanh Basin, related to the escape of Indochina. East of the EVBFZ, Paleogene NE-striking rifting prevailed in the outer Phu Khanh Basin and the Hoang Sa Graben fitting best with a prevailing stress derived from a coeval slab-pull from a subducting proto-South China Sea beneath the southwest Borneo – Palawan region. Major rifting terminated near the end of the Oligocene. However, late stage rifting lasted to the Early Miocene when continental break-up and seafloor spreading commenced along the edge of the outer Phu Khanh Basin. The resulting transgression promoted Lower and Middle Miocene carbonate platform growth on the Da Nang Shelf and the Tri Ton High whereas deeper marine conditions prevailed in the central part of the basins. Partial drowning and platform retreat occurred after the Middle Miocene due to increased siliciclastic input from the Vietnamese mainland. As a result, siliciclastic, marine deposition prevailed offshore Central Vietnam during the Pliocene and Pleistocene.  相似文献   

13.
南沙海区万安盆地构造演化与成因机制   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
本文基于地震、钻井和区域地质资料，运用回剥法和平衡剖面技术定量研究了万安盆地的构造沉降和伸展程度，重建盆地的构造演化史并探讨其成因机制。模拟结果表明，万安盆地构造沉降曲线为多段式，其南北部构造沉降差异明显，且沉降中心逐渐向南发展的趋势。晚始新世-渐新世（37.8~23.03 Ma BP）盆地中、北部快速沉降，存在两个沉降中心；早中新世（23.03~16.0 Ma BP）盆地南部也发生快速沉降，整个盆地存在3个沉降中心；中中新世（约16.0~11.63 Ma BP）沉降作用减弱，盆地进入裂后热沉降期。万安盆地的伸展和形成演化呈现北早南晚的特征，与南海海底扩张密切相关，同时受控于万安断裂带交替地右旋-左旋走滑作用，是伸展和走滑双重作用的结果。盆地的构造演化过程可细分为4个阶段:初始裂谷期、主要裂谷期、走滑改造期和裂后加速沉降期。  相似文献   

14.
台西南盆地的构造演化与油气藏组合分析   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14  
本文根据台西南盆地的地质、地球物理资料，对台西南盆地的地壳结构、基底特征、沉积厚度、断裂构造等基本地质构造特征＾［１］作了研究，探讨了台西南盆地的构造发展演化及及油气藏组合。认为该盆地的构造演化为幕式拉张。幕式拉张可分为三大张裂幕，相应的热沉降作用使盆地在不同的张裂幕时期发展为断陷，裂陷，裂拗－拗陷。它们分别与板块作用下的区域构造运动阶段相对应，说明区域构造运动不但控制了盆地的发展演化，同时也制约  相似文献   

15.
The saturation of calcite and aragonite in the Arctic Ocean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
We report on the chemical saturation of CaCO3 in the waters of the Arctic Ocean calculated from total alkalinity (AT) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT). Data based on four different expeditions are presented: International Arctic Ocean Expedition (IAOE-91), Arctic Ocean Section 94 (AOS94), Polarstern Arctic '96 expedition (ACSYS 96), and Joint Ocean Ice Study 97 (JOIS 97). The results show a lysocline at around 3500 m for aragonite and that most of the Arctic Ocean sea floor lies above the lysocline for calcite. The only anomaly is the low degree of saturation at the shelf break depth in the Canadian Basin seen in the sections of the AOS94 and JOIS 97 cruises, correlated with nutrient maxima and very low O2 concentration, suggesting decomposition of organic matter. The insignificant variability in degree of saturation between the deep waters of the different basins in the Arctic Ocean indicates a very low sedimentation/remineralisation of organic soft matter.  相似文献   

16.
Back-arc rifting in the Okinawa Trough   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Geological and geophysical data reveal that the Okinawa Trough shows incipient continental rifting, and crustal separation started from about 2 Ma. The early extensional movements in the trough are probably of Miocene age. In addition to the Miocene phase, two main periods of extension are recognized: a Pleistocene phase between 1.9 and 0.5 Ma and the present day phase. During the stage short central rifts (Central Grabens) were formed. The opening however, may have occurred only in the southern part of the trough basin having an average half spreading rate of 2 cm yr?1 since Early Pleistocene time, producing its present width of several tens of kilometres. These activities were well represented by igneous intrusions, sedimentary facies and sedimentary structures in and around the Okinawa Trough. The width of the zone affected by back-arc extension (defined as Greater Okinawa Trough) is larger than the present Okinawa Trough, whose width is 200–250 km. The present form of the Greater Okinawa Trough started to form at the same time as that of the Okinawa Trough.  相似文献   

17.
The Late Cretaceous–Paleocene rifting in the NW Vøring Basin is characterized by four main fault complexes and pronounced upper-crustal structural segmentation. The fault complexes are linked by accommodation zones, which separate fault systems of different polarities and thick from thinner coeval sedimentary successions. Structural and stratigraphic analyses suggest that the early rift phase (∼81 to 65 Ma) was characterized by large-scale normal faulting, along-margin segmentation and varying structural styles; whereas the late rift phase (∼65 to 55 Ma) was associated with continued extension, regional uplift, intrusive igneous activity and subsequent erosion. The rifting ended with breakup at ∼55 Ma accompanied by massive, but gradually waning extrusive igneous activity over the next 3 Myr. The mode of rifting appears to have changed from brittle to more ductile extensional deformation from the early to late rift phase. The changing rift rheology is probably related to the arrival of the Iceland mantle plume and initiation of associated igneous activity. Hence, the NW Vøring Basin provides an example of complex interaction of structural and magmatic relationships during rifting and breakup.  相似文献   

18.
210Pb was measured during the 3rd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition cruise to investigate its spatial pattern in the western Arctic Ocean, as well as its relation with the thermocline in the Canadian Basin. The specific activities varied from 0.04 to 2.72, 0.013 to 4.37, and 0.1 to 4.85 Bq/m3 for dissolved, particulate, and bulk 210Pb, respectively, corresponding to respective averages of 0.65, 0.43, and 1.08 Bq/m3. In the Canadian Basin, the minimum 210Pb activities occurred in the thermocline, which was characterized by low temperature of-1.52°C and salinity of 33.1. Combining the spatial distribution of 210Pb and hydrographical characteristics in the western Arctic Ocean, this scenario was ascribed to the effective scavenging of 210Pb when the Pacific water flowed across the Chukchi Shelf. Quantitatively, this interpretation was supported by both the shorter residence times and higher scavenging efficiencies(SE) of dissolved 210Pb over the Chukchi Shelf. The highest SE values were observed in the Herald Shoal and bottom waters over the slope.  相似文献   

19.
The Kerguelen Province, consisting of two oceanic plateaus (Kerguelen, Broken Ridge) and three basins (Enderby, Labuan and Diamantina), covers a large area of ocean floor in the southeast Indian Ocean. As very few magnetic anomalies have been identified in this area and only a few basement ages from the Kerguelen Plateau are known, reconstruction models of the Kerguelen Province are not well constrained. In an effort to gain more understanding about the evolution of this area, we have used satellite gravity to identify additional fracture zones. As they are likely to be associated with high frequency and low amplitude gravity anomalies, we have computed the vertical derivative map instead of the regular satellite gravity map. Using this approach, we have identified a series of fracture zones in the Enderby Basin, which are aligned with the Mesozoic fracture zones in the Perth Basin and converge to the Kerguelen Fracture Zone. In the conjugate Bay of Bengal, we traced an equivalent pattern of fracture zones which, together, better constrain the early evolution of this part of the Indian Ocean. Synthesis of these images and the other available data from the Kerguelen Province, suggests that the spreading of India from both Australia and Antarctica is closely related. Spreading between the three continents appears to have begun about the same time, in the early Cretaceous and thus, the accretion of some parts of the Kerguelen Province must have occurred before the onset of the quiet magnetic period at 118 Ma. At about 96–99 Ma, when the spreading direction in the Indian Ocean had changed into a N-S direction, it also took place throughout the Kerguelen Province. We find that previously proposed slow spreading in the Diamantina Zone and Labuan Basins, between 96–99 Ma and the initiation of the Southeast Indian Ridge at 43 Ma, could not have taken place. Furthermore, we suggest that there is growing evidence that the same is true for spreading in the eastward continuation of the Diamantina Zone and Labuan Basin, between Australia and Antarctica. Initiation of spreading in this area is likely to be contemporaneous with the spreading in the Kerguelen Province and, thus, older than 96–99 Ma. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

20.
Ceylon was one of the connecting continental links in the ensemble of the united Indian and Antarctic continents when Gondwana split up. However, the precise position of Ceylon is still undetermined. Some publications attribute its position to different regions near Enderby Land. The analysis of the linear magnetic anomalies in the Central Basin of the Indian Ocean south of Ceylon and near the Antarctic coast (the Cosmonaut Sea and the Riiser-Larsen Sea) yielded evidence for the position of Ceylon in the ensemble of the Indian and Antarctic continents: it was east of Gunnerus Ridge in the Cosmonaut Sea. The breaking away of Ceylon from Antarctica occurred in the period of chron M11r (136.44–136.90 Ma). Before breaking away, the eastern flank of the Gunnerus Ridge was joined to Ceylon and they formed a united continental block.  相似文献   

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