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1.
We study the anomalies of some hydrometeorological fields in the Atlantic-European sector and on the South Coast of Crimea (SCC) in the years of decrease in solar activity in its even and odd 11-year cycles. It is shown that, in the first half of summer, the values of the sea level and surface temperature at the SCC averaged over the years of decrease of an even cycle are lower than for the same years of an odd cycle. As a result, we make a conclusion that there exists a tendency to the formation of quasi-22-year variability of some hydrometeorological characteristics near the SCC. We also discover a trend to the antiphase variability of the number of upwellings and the surface temperature at the SCC in the years of decrease in solar activity in its even and odd 11-year cycles. 相似文献
2.
D. D. Gabaev 《Oceanology》2009,49(2):218-227
The abundance dynamics of several species of bivalve mollusks spats were studied on scallop collectors situated in Minonosok bay of Pos’eta Gulf for 27 years and for 4 years in Kit bay of the Sea of Japan (Russia). A significant positive relation was found between the species having similar thermopathy: the Japanese scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis and Swift’s scallop Swiftopecten swifti, as well as between the wrinkled rock borer Hiatella arctica and Swift’s scallop Swiftopecten swifti. A significant reverse relation was found between the bay mussel Mytilus trossulus and the Northern Pacific seastar Asterias amurensis. Some of the studied mollusks of Minonosok bay and the remote Kit bay display a significant reversed interrelation in their abundance dynamics caused by the precipitation regime. The one-way dispersion analysis a revealed significant influence of the water temperature in June and the precipitation abundance in the summer on Swift’s scallop’s dynamic abundance. The two-way dispersion analysis showed a significant influence of the ice period duration and the solar activity expressed in Wolf’s numbers on the Japanese scallop abundance dynamics. The uneven years in the period from 1977 to 1984 were usually productive for M. yessoensis and S. swifti spat. After 1985, the even years became more productive (there was asynchronicity in the abundance dynamics compared with 1977–1984). Such asynchronicity appeared with the advent of the new 22-year solar cycle, which caused a change in the magnet polarity in 1986. 相似文献
3.
Effect of the 11-year cycle of solar activity on characteristics of the total ozone annual variation
The goal of the paper is an analysis of changes in the amplitude and phase characteristics of the annual variation (AC) of total ozone (TO) from ground-based and satellite (TOMS) measurements and their interpretation with a two-dimensional photochemical model. According to ground-based TO measurements, two characteristic types of quasi-decadal variations in the phase of the annual harmonic (AH) of total ozone have been noted: variations in phase and antiphase with solar activity (SA). Changes in the TO AH phase opposite to solar activity variation are noted the high latitudes of the North Atlantic region and in the tropical belt, and in-phase changes are observed in the middle and subtropical latitudes of both hemispheres. Variations in the TO AH amplitude (hence, in the TO AV amplitude) and in the annual mean TO usually coincide in phase with the SA cycle. Analysis of satellite data shows that the 0-phase of the AV and the phase of the AH of the zonal mean TO at middle latitudes vary synchronously with the 11-year solar cycle. Model simulations have shown that the stratospheric ozone influx to the middle latitudes increases in the fall and winter period during a period of maximum solar activity. This dynamic mechanism accounts for up to 30% of the winter ozone increase in the ozone maximum layer in the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes during the solar maximum as compared with the solar minimum. In the northern midlatitudes, the dynamic mechanism makes the main contribution to ozone changes during the latter half of winter under SA variations. The stratospheric ozone inflow change induced by SA variations affects the annual variation of ozone. 相似文献
4.
The seasonal movement and jumping of subtropical high ridge line were simulated in the previous paper by using the two-dimensional zonal average model to consider the solar radiation heating. In this paper, the simulation is made by means of the same model considering water vapor condensation heating released from the rainfall belt north of subtropical high in addition to the solar radiation heating.The basic characteristics such as the northward seasonal jumping can still be simulated, and the condensation heating in the model can make the subtropical high ridge line move to the position a little further south than that without the condensation heating. Therefore, it may be realized that the basic characteristics of seasonal movement of subtropical high depend mainly on the solar radiation heating, but the meridional departure of ridge line from its normal latitude position is due to the feedback of drought-waterlogging in the precipitation area to the north of subtropical high. 相似文献
5.
采用逐次滤波法分析了北太平洋海洋大气系统年代际振荡特征及其主要影响因子，探索太阳活动对于北太平洋海洋大气系统年代际变化的影响。结果表明，太阳活动是北太平洋海洋大气系统周期性年代际振荡的重要影响因子，具体反映在：1）北太平洋年代际涛动（PDO，Pacific Decadal Oscillation）存在与太阳活动密切相关的22年周期和11年周期，是PDO仅次于趋势项最重要的周期成分，其方差贡献率分别为20．9％和6．7％。研究发现北太平洋年代际涛动变化对于太阳活动的响应方式与太阳活动强弱程度有联系，太阳活动水平强时PDO与太阳磁场变化符号相同并且振荡幅度大；太阳活动水平弱时PDO与太阳磁场变化符号相反并且振荡幅度小。2）滤除持续下降趋势之后，北太平洋冬季阿留申低压活动区海平面气压（SLP，Sea Level Pressure）表现出与太阳磁场磁性指数（MI，Magnetic index）基本反相的周期性振荡，滤除22年周期之后11年周期也比较清楚，其方差贡献率分别为13．4％和1．1％。3）滤除持续升温趋势以后北太平洋100hPa冬季大气温度距平场表现出与太阳磁场磁性指数基本一致的周期性振荡，滤除22年周期之后11年周期也比较清楚，其方差贡献率分别为15．1％和1．1％。研究结果说明，在太阳活动对于大气温度场的影响过程中，黑子磁场磁性变化是决定性的，即决定了温度变化符号，MI绝对值的变化即太阳磁场强度变化影响其量变。 相似文献
6.
S. P. Smyshlyaev V. Ya. Galin E. M. Atlaskin P. A. Blakitnaya 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2010,46(5):623-634
An interactive three-dimensional chemistry-climate model combining models of the gas composition and general circulation of
the lower and middle atmosphere is used to study the impact of changes in extra-atmospheric solar radiative fluxes induced
by solar activity on the stratospheric heating and subsequent temperature and ozone variations in the stratosphere and troposphere.
The results have shown that a change in the atmospheric radiative heating resulting from variations in solar activity has
a direct effect on the temperature and circulation of the atmosphere. Atmospheric temperature variations affect the rates
of temperature-dependent chemical reactions, and this is considered the first type of indirect impact of solar activity on
the atmospheric gas composition. On the other hand, as a result of the variation in atmospheric heating, its circulation changes,
thus affecting the transport of minor gases into the atmosphere. This effect is considered the second type of indirect impact
of solar activity on atmospheric gases. The results of our calculations have shown that both types of indirect impact of the
variation in solar activity on the atmospheric gas composition are comparable in order of magnitude to the direct impact of
solar activity on atmospheric gases. 相似文献
7.
自2011年3月日本福岛第一核电站事故发生以来,其对中国海的影响一直备受国内高度关注。基于近10年的研究成果,本文综述了福岛第一核电站事故释放的放射性核素进入中国海的海洋传输路径主要为表层环流和模态水(亚热带模态水和中央模态水),经表层环流和模态水到达中国海的时间尺度分别在10—15年和2—3年之间。对比分析福岛第一核电站事故前后可知:南海137Cs活度持平,黄海137Cs活度稍有降低,但东海137Cs活度有所升高。鉴于目前有限的监测站位和短期的观测时间,福岛第一核电站事故对中国海的影响程度大小还有待于长期监测和进一步的评估。同时针对日本政府宣布福岛第一核电站核污水排海计划,分析了其潜在的风险和指出了未来的研究方向。 相似文献
8.
杨广基 《海洋学报(英文版)》1985,4(3):374-381
In this paper, using monthly mean vertical circulation maps in April and July of 1969, 1980, 1972, 1978 and 10-year mean maps of April and July, we have investigated the relationship between the subtropical circulation and the persistent droughts and floods in summer in middle and lower Changjiang valleys. It is found that the subtropical high between the east of the West Pacific and the Middle Pacific in lower troposphere during spring and summer of flood years in middle and lower Changjiang valleys is stronger than that of drought years.The zonal vertical circulation of subtropical zone in the Middle Pacific has persistent characters from spring to summer during flood years. Besides, owing to the fact that the zonal vertical circulation from the South China Sea to the Middle Pacific in spring of drought and flood years has significant difference, we can use the vertical circulation map of spring along with their climate mean to revise the forecasts issued last winter. 相似文献
9.
全球海洋环流模式中上层海洋对表面强迫的响应和调整Ⅱ.年代际变率 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用一个较高分辨率的全球海洋环流模式在COADS 1945～1993年逐月平均资料的强迫下对海温和环流场进行了模拟,分析了北太平洋海温和环流场的年代际变化特征,同时诊断了1976-77年代际跃变过程中海温场变化的机制.模式模拟出了北太平洋海温年代际异常的主要模态以及1976-77年跃变前后的演变特征,模拟的北太平洋中部、加州沿岸和KOE区的海温异常的强度和演变趋势均和观测比较一致;同时,模式重现了分别始于20世纪70和80年代的中纬度海温异常信号沿等密度面向低纬地区的两次潜沉过程.在表层,流场的异常主要表现为与风应力异常基本符合Ekman关系的一个异常海洋涡旋,而整个上层海洋平均的流场异常则表现为两个海洋涡旋的异常,其中副热带海洋涡旋的异常的强度要显著于副极地海洋涡旋的异常,而副极地海洋涡旋异常出现的时间比副热带海洋涡旋晚3a左右的时间.对1976-77年前后3个区域上层海温各贡献项的诊断结果表明,北太平洋中部变冷主要是水平平流和热通量异常贡献的结果;而加州沿岸变暖主要归因于热通量的贡献;在KOE区,垂直平流、热通量和水平平流三者都起了重要作用,其中水平平流异常对这一区域海温年代际跃变出现的时间起了至关重要的作用. 相似文献
10.
Long-Term Variability of North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water in Response to Spin-Up of the Subtropical Gyre 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Meteorological Research Institute's ocean general circulation model (MRI-OGCM) has been used to investigate the temperature
variability of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (NPSTMW) over a time series longer than 5 years via the spin-up of
the subtropical gyre. Besides an interannual variation, the wintertime sea surface temperature in the area where the NPSTMW
is formed, and the temperature of the NPSTMW itself, both change remarkably in a >5-year time scale. An analysis of heat budgets
showed that the long-term changes in NPSTMW temperature are due mainly to a leading advection of heat by the Kuroshio Extension
and compensating surface heat flux. As a result of a dynamical adjustment to the wind stress fields, the transports of the
Kuroshio and the Kuroshio Extension increased in the mid 1970s with a lag of 3 years after the wind stress curl in the central
North Pacific. The increased heat advection by the Kuroshio Extension induces a warming in the mixed layer in the NPSTMW formation
area, followed by a warming of the NPSTMW itself. Both these warming actions increase the heat release to the atmosphere.
These results imply that the surface heat flux over the Kuroshio Extension area varies in response to the change in the ocean
circulation through the spin-up of the subtropical gyre.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
K. N. Visheratin 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(1):66-73
We present the results of the analysis of the phase relationships between the quasi-decadal variations (QDVs) (in the range from 8 to 13 years) in the total ozone content (TOC) at the Arosa station for 1932–2012 and a number of meteorological parameters: monthly mean values of temperature, meridional and zonal components of wind velocity, and geopotential heights for isobaric surfaces in the layer of 10–925 hPa over the Arosa station using the Fourier methods and composite and cross-wavelet analysis. It has been shown that the phase relationships of the QDVs in the TOC and meteorological parameters with an 11-year cycle of solar activity change in time and height; starting with cycle 24 of solar activity (2008–2010), the variations in the TOC and a number of meteorological parameters occur in almost counter phase with the variations in solar activity. The periods of the maximum growth rate of the temperature at isobaric surfaces 50–100 hPa nearly correspond to the TOC’s maximum periods, and the periods of the maximum temperature correspond the periods of the decrease of the peak TOC rate. The highest correlation coefficients between the meridional wind velocity and temperature are observed at 50 hPa at positive and negative delays of ~27 months. The times of the maxima (minima) of the QDVs in the meridional wind velocity nearly correspond to the periods of the maximum amplification (attenuation) rate of the temperature of the QDVs. The QDVs in the geopotential heights of isobaric surfaces fall behind the variations in the TOC by an average of 1.5 years everywhere except in the lower troposphere. In general, the periods of variations in the TOC and meteorological parameters in the range of 8–13 years are smaller than the period of variations in the level of solar activity. 相似文献
12.
利用中国台风年鉴资料、地面及探空观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析数据以及NERA-GOOS海温数据,首先分析了1949—2019年在青岛登陆的四个热带气旋特征,然后对1909号台风“利奇马”对山东半岛造成的降水强度差异进行对比研究。分析表明:1)1949年以来有4个台风于8月以登陆北上和登陆转向路径在青岛登陆,其在中高纬均是纬向环流占优的大尺度环流形势,副热带高压主体维持在我国东部沿海上空,中心强度较常年偏强,西伸脊线在30°~36°N之间摆动,青岛沿海海域表现为27℃以上的暖洋面特征。2)来自中高纬的冷空气和热带系统在青岛相互作用的差异,副热带高压强度和中心位置的不同是影响登陆台风降水差异的主要原因。3)1909号台风“利奇马”对潍坊降水的影响主要发生在台风与西风槽相互作用过程中,对青岛则表现为台风低压环流前部东南气流的影响。4)台风过程中潍坊和青岛均具有较好的水汽条件和对流不稳定层结,但动力抬升条件差异明显:潍坊位于东北风和东南风辐合区以及水汽通量辐合大值区内,具有较强的水平风垂直切变和上升运动;青岛没有冷空气侵入,但低空和超低空强盛的东南风急流为青岛暴雨提供了充沛的水汽供应和大气层结不稳定条件。 相似文献
13.
本文利用大洋环流模式POP研究RCP4.5情景下21世纪格陵兰冰川不同的融化速率对全球及区域海平面变化的影响。结果显示:当格陵兰冰川的融化速率以每年1%增加时,全球大部分海域的动力和比容海平面变化基本不变,主要是由于格陵兰冰川在低速融化时并不会导致大西洋经向翻转流减弱。当格陵兰冰川的融化速率以每年3%和每年7%增加时,动力海平面在北大西洋副极地、大西洋热带、南大西洋副热带和北冰洋海域呈现出显著的上升趋势,这是因为格陵兰冰川快速融化导致大量的淡水输入附近海域,造成该上层海洋层化加强和深对流减弱,导致大西洋经向翻转流显著减弱;与此同时,热比容海平面在北冰洋、格陵兰岛南部海域和大西洋副热带海域显著下降,而在热带大西洋和湾流海域明显上升;此时盐比容海平面的变化与热比容海平面是反相的,这是由于大量的低温低盐水的输入,造成北大西洋副极地海域变冷变淡、大西洋经向翻转流和热盐环流显著减弱,引起了太平洋向北冰洋的热通量和淡水通量减少,导致了北冰洋海水变冷变淡,同时热带大西洋滞留了更多的高温高盐水,随着湾流被带到北大西洋,北大西洋副极地海域低温低盐的海水,被风生环流输运到副热带海域。 相似文献
14.
15.
We examined the effect of solar ultraviolet radiation B (UVB, 280–315 nm) on photosynthesis of natural phytoplankton assemblages
in the temperate Changjiang River Estuary (CRE) in the East China Sea (ECS), and the subtropical Zhujiang River Estuary (ZRE)
in the South China Sea (SCS) from August 2002 to April 2003. The short-term effect of UVB was assessed by exposing samples
in quartz tubes/bottles to solar radiation under three treatments: (1) natural sunlight (NS) with UVB (NS-UVB); (2) photosynthetically
active radiation (PAR, NS cut off UVB); and (3) NS with additional artificial UVB (NS + A-UVB). Solar UVB apparently inhibited
phytoplankton photosynthesis rates. In the temperate CRE-ECS, solar UVB reduced surface phytoplankton photosynthesis by about
28% in August and February, while in the subtropical ZRE-SCS the inhibition was only 22% in September and October. In the
CRE-ECS, phytoplankton in the stratified water column displayed stronger UVB inhibition when deeper water samples were exposed
to surface UVB. Phytoplankton in the mixed water column did not show strong UVB inhibition, while light shift exposure of
deeper phytoplankton in the same water column to surface light produced similar results, indicating that mixing moderates
UVB effects. In the ZRE-SCS, surface phytoplankton showed greater photoinhibition in January (sunny). However, in April (cloudy),
phytoplankton showed little UVB inhibition. Incubation for a short time without UVB showed a large increase in Chl a at two stations in the ZRE-SCS, but a large decrease at the other station in the presence of UVB. In contrast, in the CRE-ECS,
a similar incubation experiment without UVB showed a decrease in Chl a, and small UVB inhibition of Chl a at two stations. Nutrient conditions might have played a role in the difference of UVB inhibition between the two regions
as the ZRESCS had relatively high concentrations of all nutrients while PO4 was only 0.21 μM at one of the CRE-ECS stations. The results suggest that phytoplankton in temperate waters would be more
responsive to variation of UVB than ones in subtropical waters. 相似文献
16.
A. N. Gruzdev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(4):441-448
Using the data of the ERA-Interim reanalysis, we have obtained estimates of changes in temperature, the geopotential and its large-scale zonal harmonics, wind velocity, and potential vorticity in the troposphere and stratosphere of the Northern and Southern hemispheres during the 11-year solar cycle. The estimates have been obtained using the method of multiple linear regression. Specific features of response of the indicated atmospheric parameters to the solar cycle have been revealed in particular regions of the atmosphere for a whole year and depending on the season. The results of the analysis indicate the existence of a reliable statistical relationship of large-scale dynamic and thermodynamic processes in the troposphere and stratosphere with the 11-year solar cycle. 相似文献
17.
利用欧洲中期天气预报中心格点再分析资料和HYSPLIT模式对袁河流域5次极端降水天气过程的平均环流背景、主要影响系统、物理量场以及降水发生过程中的120 h气块后向轨迹特征进行分析。结果发现:(1)极端降水发生时,高层袁河流域处于南亚高压东侧辐散气流中,中层副热带高压位置适中,受584 dagpm线附近的西南气流控制,低层正好处于切变线上,且有强盛的西南气流向降水区输送能量和水汽。(2)物理量场上,袁河流域附近低层辐合、高层辐散,垂直速度场、水汽分布、水汽通量散度场都有利于该区域出现暴雨天气。(3)与袁河流域一般性暴雨的平均t-lnp图对比分析可见,极端暴雨的能量条件更好,降水对流性更强,水汽条件也更为充沛。(4)袁河流域极端降水上空的水汽路径总体上可以归纳为5条。来源于孟加拉湾附近、中南半岛南部和云南南部的西南水汽路径最多,占轨迹总数的59.5%;其次是来源于我国南海的南方路径,主要位于1 500 m以下,占轨迹总数的15.0%。 相似文献
18.
近20 a来，受高强度人类活动影响，珠江伶仃洋滩槽已发生远超自然过程的异变，其河口动力结构必然发生响应，影响物质输运过程。本研究利用三维水动力数值模型，探讨了伶仃洋河口小潮期余环流结构的变化特征及原因。结果表明：近20 a来伶仃洋底层余流强度提高，沿深槽上溯时向中滩偏转，易引起泥沙汇聚于此。中滩存在表层向西，底层向东的横向余环流结构，主要由非线性对流项和科氏力项驱动。中滩大规模采砂后引起对流项变化，造成余环流结构东移，表、底层余流增强，可加快表底层物质交换。西槽内存在表层向海、底层向陆的纵向余环流结构，主要由正压和斜压梯度力驱动。受浚深影响，向陆斜压梯度力和非线性对流项均增强，引起表层余流减小22%，而底层增大24%，这将削弱小潮期西槽内水体交换能力，即减慢物质输出，易造成西槽淤积、水环境恶化等影响。研究成果对研究人类活动干扰下的河口余环流结构及物质输运响应具有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
19.
Direct measurements of surface and mid-depth circulationin the Shikoku Basin by Argo profiling floats 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The circulation in the Shikoku Basin plays a very important role in the pathway of the Kuroshio and the water exchange in the subtropical gyre in the North Pacific Ocean. The Argo profiling floats deployed in the Shikoku Basin are used to study the circulations and water masses in the basin. The trajectories and parking depth velocity fields derived from all Argo floats show an anticyclonic circulation at 2 000 m in the Shikoku Basin. There are inhanced eddy activities in the Shikoku Basin, which have large influence on the Shikoku Basin circulation patterns. The characteristics of temperature-salinity curves indicate that there are North Pacific Ocean tropical water (NPTW), North Pacific Ocean subtropical mode water (NPSTMW) and North Pacific Ocean intermediate water (NPIW) in the Shikoku Basin. The NPTW is only exists south of 32°N. In the middle part of the basin, which is 28°~31°N,133°~135°E, there is a confluence region. Water masses coming from the Kuroshio mix with the water in the Shikoku Basin. 相似文献
20.
S. A. Sitnov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2009,45(3):324-331
An analysis of the high-latitude ozone balloon sounding data derived from Canadian stations shows that, in the maximum of the 11-year cycle of solar activity (SA), the ozone content in the lower stratosphere is higher than in the SA minimum and, in the SA maximum, the lower stratosphere is warmer and the troposphere is colder than in the SA minimum. The ozone and temperature responses to the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the opposite phases of the 11-year cycle of SA show substantial differences: in the SA maximum, the QBO effects in the ozone and temperature cover a wider range of heights, the maxima of the effects manifest themselves at 5–10 km higher, and their amplitudes exceed the amplitudes of the effects in the SA minimum. The results indicate that the QBO is one of the “conductors” of the influence of the 11-year SA cycle in the Canadian sector of the Arctic. 相似文献