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1.
对南海西南部现代上升流区沉积物柱样BIS-187-61孔有机碳、生物蛋白石、碳酸盐等各沉积组分进行了详细的分析,试图探讨末次间冰期(MIS 5)以来南海西南部夏季上升流影响区沉积过程及其所反映的海洋环境变化过程。研究结果发现,140kaBP以来该孔沉积记录期总体表现为:碳酸盐百分含量冰期低间冰期高,主要受周边陆源物质输入稀释的控制,为典型的"大西洋型碳酸盐旋回",有机碳、生物蛋白石、碳酸钙以及陆源沉积物的堆积速率均在MIS 2期、MIS 4期和MIS 5e期出现高值。其中,MIS 2期和MIS 4期生源和陆源沉积堆积速率增加可能与冰期时冬季风增强及海平面下降导致陆源营养物质输入增加对初级生产力的刺激有关,也可能与陆源物质输入增加对海洋生源颗粒物输出的压载作用增强有关。而MIS 5e期南海海平面高度与现代相仿,间冰期较强的夏季风引起的越南沿岸上升流增强是导致该时段本研究区域表层初级生产力增强,沉积物总堆积速率及各组分堆积速率都相应增加的主要原因。  相似文献   

2.
南海西部越南岸外MD05-2901孔沉积物分析显示,该孔覆盖氧同位素1-12期,底界年龄约为48万年。生源组分记录显示表层古生产力冰期高、间冰期低,体现间冰期海平面下降、陆源物质输入增强的影响。生产力在末次冰期达到最高,体现末次盛冰期海陆差异增强,东北风发育对生产力提高的促进作用。碳酸钙含量变化呈现冰期早期含量低、冰消期和间冰期含量高的趋势。其冰消期的高值在MIS1/2、MIS3/4和MIS5/6分界处,与浮游有孔虫碳同位素低值对应,揭示该地区的碳酸钙沉积旋回是“稀释旋回”。同时碳酸钙含量变化领先于同一地区浮游有孔虫氧同位素的变化,证明低纬海区碳酸钙泵作用对大气二氧化碳浓度和温度有影响。滤波分析结果显示碳同位素存在23 ka的岁差周期和偏心率长周期,生源组分的含量变化显示出典型的岁差周期,体现南海季风环流的轨道响应,证明低纬热带过程是调节气候变化的重要因素。  相似文献   

3.
北冰洋西部表层沉积物中生源组分及其古海洋学意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
通过对中国首次和第二次北极科学考察在北冰洋西部所采取的66个表层沉积物中生源组分的分析,探讨了该海区表层生产力变化与水团的相互关系。楚科奇海西南部呈现出高的有机碳和生源蛋白石含量,而中部和东部哈罗德浅滩至阿拉斯加沿岸,以及楚科奇海台、北风脊和加拿大海盆表现出低的有机碳和生源蛋白石含量。楚科奇海陆架区表层沉积物以底栖有孔虫为主,丰度低;而楚科奇海台、北风脊和加拿大海盆则以浮游有孔虫占绝对优势,丰度较高。生源组分的分布特征显然与通过白令海峡进入楚科奇海的三股太平洋水和大西洋次表层水相关。楚科奇海西侧沿富营养的阿纳德尔流方向的区域呈现出高的表层生产力。而东侧受寡营养的阿拉斯加沿岸流及阿拉斯加西北沿岸陆源物质输入的影响,呈现出低的表层生产力。北纬75°以北及加拿大海盆受海冰覆盖影响,也表现出最低的表层生产力。而受北大西洋次表层水的影响,楚科奇海陆架外侧高纬海域表现出较高的钙质生物生产力。表层沉积物中Corg/N比值及其分布反映楚科奇海表层沉积物中的有机碳以海洋自身来源为主,且主要受生物泵过程控制。有机碳和生源蛋白石含量呈现高的正相关关系,说明硅藻等浮游植物的初级生产力可能控制着生物泵对碳的吸收和释放。  相似文献   

4.
讨论了1997年冬季在北太平洋西北海域7个站位的表层至200m水深水柱中溶解及颗粒态234Th,颗粒态有机碳(POC)、氮(PON)及叶绿素a浓度的垂直分布剖面.溶解态、颗粒态及总的234Th的放射性在真光层中显著低于母体238U的放射性,总的234Th放射性在水深大于100m时趋于平衡.利用234Th-238U在海洋表层海水中的放射性不平衡推导出了北太平洋西北海域冬季真光层海水中234Th的平均停留时间和输出通量以及颗粒态有机碳和有机氮的输出通量.在亚北极环流区溶解态234Th的停留时间为40~50d,而在黑潮-亲潮共同影响区为20d左右.颗粒态有机碳和有机氮从真光层的输出通量范围分别为3.8~8.2和0.50~0.98mmol/(m2·d),西部海区高于东部海区,南部海区高于北部海区.在黑潮-亲潮共同影响区较高的颗粒态有机碳输出通量表明光照量及陆源营养盐物质的提供是两个决定生产力的主要因素.叶绿素a的水深分布和POC/PON的值同Redfield的比值的一致性表明这个海区的冬季颗粒物主要由浮游植物构成.北太平洋西北海域在冬季的颗粒有机碳输出通量可高于世界大洋一些海区春、夏季的颗粒有机碳输出通量.  相似文献   

5.
通过中国第1至第3次北极科学考察在北冰洋西部所采集的99个表层沉积物中生源与陆源粗组分的分析,研究了该海域表层生产力的变化,有机质来源以及陆源粗颗粒物质的输入方式和影响因素.研究区域生源组分所反映的表层生产力变化与通过白令海峡进入楚科奇海的3股太平洋洋流密切相关.楚科奇海西侧高盐高营养盐的阿纳德尔流流经区域,表层生产力...  相似文献   

6.
为研究南海中部沉积物的粒度特征及其蕴含的古海洋信息,对南海中部中沙以南的陆坡和海盆区表层沉积物及分别位于陆坡和海盆的2根柱样进行了粒度、扫描电镜、CaCO3和生物硅含量的分析.结果显示,南海中部沉积物由三类颗粒组分构成,其中,第一类颗粒组分的峰值粒径在5～10μm之间,主要由陆源矿物碎屑组成;第二类组分的峰值粒径在40～70 μm之间,主要由有孔虫和硅藻组成;第三类颗粒组分的峰值粒径＞ 400 μm,由生物骨骼碎屑组成.这三类颗粒组分中第一类在研究区表层沉积物中均存在,第三类则随机分布,第二类颗粒组分多以有孔虫为主,其含量受水深控制.在南海中部碳酸钙临界补偿深度[Dc(CaC03)]以浅的陆坡区,因有孔虫含量较多,沉积物粒度曲线多为双峰形态,而在Dc(CaCO3)值以下的海盆区,因大部分有孔虫被溶解,沉积物中第二类颗粒组分为含量相对较低的硅藻,沉积物粒度曲线呈单峰或双峰形态.无论是陆坡区还是海盆区的柱样沉积,其平均粒径、第二类颗粒组分含量的变化均反映了有孔虫或硅藻含量的变化,因此,可以作为研究南海中部古生产力的替代性指标.  相似文献   

7.
赤道西太平洋暖池区中部柱状样MD972140中钙质超微化石氧同位素记录和生物地层学的研究为该柱提供了可靠的年龄框架。氧同位素记录与生源和非生源组分的对比表明，粗组分和碳酸钙含量变化表现为冰期降低，间冰期升高，类似于大西洋型旋回，而蛋白石和非生源组分却与之相反。更新世以来粗组分和碳酸钙含量的变化总体上是由高到低，而蛋白石和非生源组分含量的变化是由低到高，反映了陆源物质输入量和表层水生产力的增加。由此可见，碳酸钙和蛋白石含量的变化主要受到钙质和硅质生物生产力以及陆源物质输入量的控制。氧同位素7期以来，蛋白石含量和硅质微体化石丰度在冰期升高及在间冰期降低的变化反映了表层水生产力的波动和硅质溶解作用的强弱。  相似文献   

8.
台西南海域表层沉积物元素地球化学特征及其物源指示意义   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  
对南海台西南海域表层沉积物的常量、微量元素含量分布变化特征、元素相关性以及元素组合特征进行了分析。结果表明,SiO2和Al2O3是研究区表层沉积物中的最主要组分,元素的含量与水深、粒度存在明显的相关性;R型因子分析识别出3个元素组合,分别代表细粒的陆源碎屑沉积组合、粗粒的生物碎屑组合和细粒的生物碎屑组合;研究区表层沉积物的物质来源主要有陆源和生物源两种,以陆源为主。  相似文献   

9.
通过对菲律宾皮纳图博(Pinatubo)火山1991年6月爆发前后南海表层沉积物及沉降颗粒物中的硅藻丰度及群落组成进行分析,试图揭示皮纳图博火山爆发对南海硅藻生长的影响.研究发现,火山爆发后南海沉积物中硅藻相对丰度显著减少,原因主要在于皮纳图博火山喷发物大量沉积于南海深海,显著提高了南海沉积速率,同时稀释了沉积物中生源...  相似文献   

10.
南海东部海域的沉积作用和物质来源研究   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7  
1998年在南海东部海域采集了195个表层和24个柱状沉积物样,对沉积作用和物质来源研究表明:(1)南海东部海域具有典型的边缘海沉积特征,沉积物主要由陆源碎屑、生物碎屑、火山碎屑、浊流沉积物组成,沉积作用具有多样性;(2)黄岩岛以北海区沉积物中基性岩组分含量为23.2%,陆源硅铝质组分含量为76.8%,这两种组分的理论计算值与海底沉积物实际分布相一致;(3)由碎屑矿物分析得出陆源矿物、混合矿物、自生铁锰矿物和中基性火山矿物四种矿物组合区,矿物组成和含量差异反映了物源和沉积环境的变化;(4)对沉积物中大于0.063 mm的物质全组分分析表明,生源组分占66.97%,其中钙质生物含量为23.43%,硅质生物含量为43.54%,钙质生物高值区主要分布在水深小于3 500 m的海区,硅质生物高值区主要分布在水深大于3 500 m的深水区;(5)南海东部海域火山沉积作用明显,海底扩张区沉积物中铜、钡、铁、锰、钴、镍、砷等金属物质分布与海底构造和海底中基性火山活动密切相关;(6)对沉积物粒度、物质组成和生物化石组合分析表明北部陆坡区69柱187.5~190.0,287.5~280.0,377.5~380.0 cm,深海平原区149柱157~187,187~194 cm,南部陆坡区323柱280~350 cm在粒度上表现出浊流沉积特征;(7)对锶同位素物源示踪和粒度、矿物的研究表明,北部陆源碎屑向南一直扩散到约17 N,西吕宋海槽是亚洲大陆物质特别是我国大陆物质向南海东部海域输运的主要通道.  相似文献   

11.
Fluxes of amino acids and hexosamines to the deep South China Sea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Settling particles collected by sediment traps deployed between 1987 and 1999 in the northern, central and southwestern South China Sea (SCS) were analysed to study seasonal, interannual and spatial variations in the composition and flux of labile particulate matter. Results were combined with remote-sensing and surface-sediment data in order to describe the factors controlling the preservation of organic matter en route from the upper ocean to the seafloor. Organic carbon, amino acid and hexosamine fluxes generally follow the fluxes of total particulate matter, with maxima during the SW and NE monsoon periods. During non-El Niño conditions spectral amino acid distributions show that degradation of organic matter in the water column decreases as the flux rates increase. This is suggested to be the combined result of enhanced primary productivity, greater input of lithogenics serving as ballast to increase settling rates, and sorption of labile components to clay minerals. During El Niño conditions, in contrast, the degree of organic matter degradation is at very high and comparable levels at all trap sites. Flux component seasonality is strongly reduced except for the coastal upwelling areas, particularly off central Vietnam, which show significantly higher fluxes of organic carbon and lithogenic matter as compared to the open SCS. This suggests that the fluxes are affected by lateral advection of reworked organic matter from riverine sources or resuspended sediments from the nearby shelf/slope. Comparison of the measured organic carbon fluxes in 1200 m depth with those accumulating in surface sediments results in a more than 80% loss of organic matter before final burial in the sediments. The degree of organic matter preservation in the surface sediments of the deep SCS is distinctly lower than in other monsoonal oceans. This may be due to varying lithogenic input and almost complete dissolution of protective biogenic mineral matrices at greater water depth.  相似文献   

12.
Results are presented from particle flux studies using sediment trap and current meter moorings along a transect at the European continental margin at 49°N within the EU-funded Ocean Margin Exchange (OMEX) project. Two moorings were placed, at the mid- and outer slope in water depths of 1500 and 3660 m, with traps at 600 and 1050 m and at 580, 1440 and 3220 m, respectively. Residual currents at the mid-slope follow the slope contour, whereas seasonal off-slope flow was registered at the outer slope. At 600 m on the slope fluxes are similar to those in the abyssal North Atlantic. The flux of all components (bulk dry weight, particulate organic and inorganic carbon, lithogenic matter and opal) increased with water depth. Highest fluxes were recorded at 1440 m at the outer slope, where off-slope residual currents mediate particle export. The injection of biogenic and lithogenic particles below the depth of winter mixing results in the export of particles from shallower waters. Calculated lateral fluxes of particulate organic carbon exceed the primary flux by over a factor of 2 at 1440 m on the outer slope. Estimated lateral fluxes of suspended particulate matter in the water column and intermediate nepheloid layers at the outer slope are potentially large compared to sinking fluxes measured by sediment traps. A comparison is made of particle flux at three continental margin sites and two sites in the adjacent open North Atlantic, from which it is seen that bulk and organic matter flux increases exponentially with proximity to the shelf break. The percentage contribution of particulate organic carbon to biogenic fluxes increases from a mean of 5.7% in the abyssal N. Atlantic to 13.9% at the continental margins.  相似文献   

13.
《Oceanologica Acta》1998,21(4):521-532
A sediment trap experiment was carried out in the West Caroline Basin, located in the equatorial western Pacific between influences of the Asian monsoon and the open ocean. Annual mass flux at the shallow trap at Site 1 was 57.10 g m-2 yr-1. Generally, the higher flux of organic matter was associated with higher activities of biogenic opal-producing and carbonate-producing plankton communities. In addition, as the organic matter content increases, the organic carbon/carbonate carbon ratio shows a tendency to increase. Carbonate-producing plankton was predominant during periods 1 and 3 (May to July and November to the beginning of December), which could be due to limited silica supply to the euphotic zone. On the other hand, surface sea water was more nutrient-rich during periods 2 and 4 (August to October and the end of December to April) at Site 1. These high total mass fluxes could be stimulated by wind.The amount of biogenic components collected in the sediment traps and the accumulation in surface sediments at Site 1 could be compared with primary productivity values. Carbonate and biogenic opal fluxes were 99% and 90% less, respectively, in the surface sediments compared to those in the shallow sediment trap. This could be due to the reaction of sinking particles with undersaturated deep sea water just above the sea floor, rather than with the water column during sinking. About 20% of the organic matter was decomposed between the shallow and deep sediment traps and more than 98% between the deep sediment trap and final burial in the surface sediments. The relative amount of organic carbon preserved in surface sediments was about 0.10% of annual primary productivity.  相似文献   

14.
The vertical distribution and temporal changes in aggregate abundance and sizes were measured in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, during two field seasons, one in austral spring 1994 and one in early summer, 1995/96. Aggregate abundance, size and potential sinking rates were determined by photographic techniques. Measurements of water column parameters, including particulate organic carbon concentrations, were assessed simultaneously, as was the flux of organic matter with floating sediment traps. The numbers of aggregates (and to a lesser extent their size) increased with time, although there was substantial spatial variability in these variables at any point in time. Some aggregates appeared to sink extremely rapidly, and for these, our photographic measurements were able to estimate only a minimum sinking rate, which equaled 288 m d−1. Estimates of aggregate organic carbon flux were compared to those determined by floating sediment traps. From these results, aggregate fluxes appear to have dominated the vertical export of organic matter from the euphotic zone. The genesis and flux of aggregates in the Ross Sea are the critical processes controlling the export of biogenic material from the surface layer.  相似文献   

15.
Sinking particles were collected using time-series sediment traps deployed at 350 and 20 mab at Site SB (34° 58.5’N, 139° 20.9’E, 1544 m depth) near the center of Sagami Bay, off Japan with high time resolutions of 5-8 days (March 1997 to August 1998) and 3-4.5 days (March 1998 to August 1998), respectively. The major components (CaCO3, OM, opal, and clay) of these sinking particles and surface bottom sediments were determined using a stepwise leaching method combined with gravimetry. Average total mass fluxes were 1480, 5560 and 3068 mg/m2/year at 350 mab, at 20 mab, and in the surface sediments, respectively, indicating an enhanced collection of sinking particles at 20 mab. Clay was the dominant component and biogenic components (opal+OM+CaCO3) were dominated mainly by opal and secondly by OM. On average, opal and CaCO3 contents decreased gradually as clay content increased with increasing depth from 350 mab-20 mab and in the surface sediments, indicating dissolution of opal and CaCO3 through sinking, rebound, resuspension or sedimentation processes. Thirteen total mass flux peaks at 17--40-day intervals were observed at 350 mab during the period from March 1997 to August 1998 except for winter, while eight peaks were observed at 20 mab for the period from March 1998 to August 1998. Two types of total mass peaks can be distinguished: one with a clear increase in biogenic flux (opal+OM+CaCO3) and little or no increase in clay flux and termed a bloom type (B-type), and the other with a clear increase in clay flux, little increase in biogenic flux and termed a resuspension type (R-type). Some R-type peaks, but not all, coincided with total mass flux peaks observed at the mouth of Tokyo Bay and suggested the possibility of the effect of particulate materials transported from Tokyo Bay to site SB. The enormously large peak observed at 20 mab in late May 1998 and that at 350 mab in early June 1998 were considered to be due to some physical perturbations from an earthquake swarm near site SB during the period from April to June 1998. The 17--40-day periodicity was associated clearly with the change in biogenic flux dominated by opal flux and is thought to reflect the periodicity of biological productivity dominated by diatoms in the euphotic zone of Sagami Bay.  相似文献   

16.
南海南部表层沉积物中生物硅的分布及其环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对南海南部25个表层沉积样进行了生物硅的测定分析,试图揭示南海南部表层沉积生物硅的分布及其对现代海洋环境的指示意义,以便为古海洋学研究提供进一步的科学依据。研究发现,表层沉积物中生物硅含量与其所处水深呈显著正相关关系,相关系数达到0.782。陆架浅水区表层沉积物中生物硅含量非常低,不能反映表层水体中硅质生物生产力情况,这可能与沉积类型和陆源物质输入影响有关。深水区表层沉积物中生物硅的含量分布表明,其不仅能反映表层水体中硅质生物的古生产力水平,而且还能指示上升流的强弱,从而进一步证实了利用沉积物中生物硅含量来追踪上升流发育和变化的有效性与可信度。研究结果还显示,在研究区域中北部表层沉积生物硅中放射虫和海绵骨针较硅藻占有更大的比重,这可能是由于硅藻易被溶解并易被其他生物体摄食的缘故。在有上升流发育的海域,放射虫、硅藻和海绵骨针基本上表现出较高的丰度,这与高的生物硅含量相一致。  相似文献   

17.
Particulate biogenic barium (bio-Ba) fluxes obtained from three instrumented arrays moored in the Alboran Sea, the westernmost basin in the Mediterranean Sea, are presented in this study. The mooring lines were deployed over almost 1 year, from July 1997 to May 1998, and were equipped with sediment traps at 500–700 m depth, 1000–1200 m depth and 30 m above the seafloor (1000–2200 m). The results obtained support the growing body of evidence that the relationship between particulate bio-Ba and Corg throughout the water column in margin systems is clearly different from this relation in the open ocean. In the Alboran Sea, the annual averaged bio-Ba fluxes range from 0.39 to 1.07 μmol m−2 day−1, with mean concentrations of 1.31–1.69 μmol g−1 and bio-Ba/Corg ratios lower than in the open ocean. The low bio-Ba values obtained also indicate that calculating bio-Ba is extremely sensitive to the detrital Ba/Al ratio of each sample. The lithogenic Ba fraction in the Alboran Sea continental margin area contributes between 24% and 85% of the total Ba. Increased bio-Ba export efficiency was observed after periods of high primary productivity and suggests that the processes limiting the bio-Ba formation in the study area relate to settling dynamics of organic matter aggregates. Furthermore, the ballasting effect of the abundant lithogenic and carbonate particles may limit decomposition of organic matter aggregates and enhance the transfer of particles rich in Corg and relatively poor in bio-Ba to the deep seafloor. Lateral input of freshly sedimented biogenic material, including particulate bio-Ba, has been observed on the lower continental slope in the western Alboran Sea. These observations emphasize that the use of the bio-Ba as a proxy of export productivity from the surface ocean must be used cautiously in highly dynamic environments such as those in the Alboran Sea.  相似文献   

18.
Sinking matter collected by sediment traps, which were deployed in the equatorial Pacific Ocean at 175°E for about 11 months during 1992–1993, were analyzed for their flux and labile components in terms of amino acids and hexosamines. The samples provided a temporal resolution of 15 days and were collected from 1357 (shallow trap) and 4363 m (deep trap) depths where sea floor depth was 4880 m. Particle flux along with major components (carbonate, organic matter, biogenic opal and lithogenic material) and amino acid parameters showed distinct temporal variations, which were more pronounced in the shallow trap relative to deep trap. A coupling between the fluxes in the shallow and deep traps was more evident during the period of maximum particle flux, which seems to be connected with the short reappearance of non-El Niño conditions in equatorial Pacific during the 1991–1993 El Niño event. The biogeochemical indicators C/N, Asp/Bala, Glu/Gaba, Bala+Gaba mol%, THAA-C% and THAA-N% implied that the increase in sinking flux was associated with upwelling and enhanced surface production. Degradation of sinking particulate organic matter between the shallow and deep traps was also evident. Occasionally higher mass and major component fluxes in the deep trap relative to the shallow trap are attributed to contribution of resuspended particulates from sea floor (nepheloid layer) or to laterally advected particulates from nearby areas. Carbonate and opal composition of the sinking flux showed a predominance of calcareous plankton; however, Asp/Gly mol ratio and Ser+Thr mol% indicated enhanced occurrence of diatoms during the periods of higher flux.  相似文献   

19.
The Northwest Atlantic margin is characterized by high biological productivity in shelf and slope surface waters. In addition to carbon supply to underlying sediments, the persistent, intermediate depth nepheloid layers emanating from the continental shelves, and bottom nepheloid layers maintained by strong bottom currents associated with the southward flowing Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC), provide conduits for export of organic carbon over the margin and/or to the interior ocean. As a part of a project to understand dynamics of particulate organic carbon (POC) cycling in this region, we examined the bulk and molecular properties of time-series sediment trap samples obtained at 968 m, 1976 m, and 2938 m depths from a bottom-tethered mooring on the New England slope (water depth, 2988 m). Frequent occurrences of higher fluxes in deep relative to shallower sediment traps and low Δ14C values of sinking POC together provide strong evidence for significant lateral transport of aged organic matter over the margin. Comparison of biogeochemical properties such as aluminum concentration and flux, and iron concentration between samples intercepted at different depths shows that particles collected by the deepest trap had more complex sources than the shallower ones. These data also suggest that at least two modes of lateral transport exist over the New England margin. Based on radiocarbon mass balance, about 30% (±10%) of sinking POC in all sediment traps is estimated to be derived from lateral transport of resuspended sediment. A strong correlation between Δ14C values and aluminum concentrations suggests that the aged organic matter is associated with lithogenic particles. Our results suggest that lateral transport of organic matter, particularly that resulting from sediment resuspension, should be considered in addition to vertical supply of organic matter derived from primary production, in order to understand carbon cycling and export over continental margins.  相似文献   

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