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1.
海南岛西北部排浦岸礁区内具有珊瑚礁发育所需的温暖、激荡的浅水环境。沿岸侵蚀性海岸与河流输入大量泥砂,形成浑水沉积,其海水透明度仅为2—8m,沉积物中陆源碎屑含量平均高达20%左右。根据地貌形态和沉积特征,礁区可划分为礁前泻湖砂相、原地珊瑚礁岩相,礁坪含原生礁砂砾相、海蚀坪-沿岸水道砂相及海滩-海岸砂堤砂相。 区内河流和海湾出口处具有典型的三角洲相沉积,在西南大铲珊瑚堤礁的向海侧为典型的礁相沉积,排浦岸礁则以碳酸盐为主,并含一定量的陆源碎屑物的浑水沉积。这三种沉积类型均受沉积环境的严格控制。  相似文献   

2.
涠洲岛位于热带北缘,对珊瑚生长而言其纬度相对偏高,冬季低温是制约其珊瑚生长和珊瑚礁发育的关键因素。重建涠洲岛珊瑚礁发育的过程,对于了解珊瑚对过去气候的响应以及预测珊瑚礁的发育趋势等具有重要科学意义。以涠洲岛珊瑚礁钻孔(GS-3)为材料,利用高精度铀系测年技术测定珊瑚年龄,建立涠洲岛珊瑚礁发育的年代框架;通过粒度、生物组分、矿物成分分析揭示了其物质组成。结果显示,GS-3岩芯5.57 m处的珊瑚铀系年代为3 737±17 aBP(相对于公元1950年),基于此年代计算的珊瑚礁平均发育速率为1.49 m/ka。在3 737~2 476、2 288~1 191以及325 aBP以来涠洲岛珊瑚礁快速发育,其发育速率分别为2.21、1.13及1.85 m/ka;在2 476~2 288、1 191~325 aBP珊瑚礁缓慢发育,发育速率分别为0.64、0.48 m/ka。沉积物的生物组分主要为珊瑚、珊瑚藻和软体动物;矿物成分主要为文石和石英。基于珊瑚礁发育速率与气候背景的关系对比,得出涠洲岛珊瑚礁快速发育阶段与全新世大暖期后期、罗马暖期以及现代暖期大致对应;缓慢发育阶段与降温期、黑暗时代冷期后期、中世纪气候异常期、小冰期前期大致对应。总体来看,相对高纬度的涠洲岛珊瑚礁的发育快慢受气候冷暖所调控,暖期的气候有利于珊瑚生长和珊瑚礁发育,冷期珊瑚礁发育慢。  相似文献   

3.
雷州半岛灯楼角珊瑚岸礁的特征   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
雷州半岛西南海岸的珊瑚礁是中国大陆唯一的全新世中期之初海侵以来形成的岸礁,灯楼角岸段岸礁沿灯楼角岬角两侧共长11.5km,宽500-1000m,厚约5m,珊瑚化石的优势种是Gonioporasp。本海区的海水温度,盐度,透明度和环境质量,均适合造礁石珊瑚生长,采集到活珊瑚8科16属25种,其中优势种是Acropora humilis,Porites lutea,Prities pukoensis和Favia speciosa。岸礁可分为礁坪和礁前向海坡两个地貌单元。内礁坪上有薄层细砂堆积的“沙帽”,主要由陆源碎屑沉积物,其次为生物碎屑组成。礁的^14C年龄主要为7120-4040aBP。在全球变化引起表层海水温度增高和海平面上升的条件下,由于大陆架深层水的影响,琼州海峡的沿岸水受到调节,夏季不致过热,冬季不致过冷,所以本区造礁石珊瑚仍能生长和繁殖,珊瑚礁仍存在和发展。  相似文献   

4.
文章根据2017年涠洲岛最新珊瑚本底调查资料,对比分析近10年来,涠洲岛珊瑚种类数量、分布状态以及优势物种变化状况。结果表明,涠洲岛珊瑚以造礁珊瑚为主体,高达10科23属41种,其次为分布有较多的柳珊瑚,为4科12属14种,此外也分布有少量的软珊瑚、群体海葵;珊瑚主要分布于近海海岸一带,以0. 5~6 m的珊瑚礁坪生长带为主,具有明显的分带特点;对比2008年调查数据,本次调查发现涠洲岛海域珊瑚优势物种发生了变化,由角蜂巢珊瑚属变为滨珊瑚属,蔷薇珊瑚属不再是优势属,反而新增了蜂巢珊瑚属和牡丹珊瑚属,此外珊瑚覆盖度较2008年出现了下降趋势,表明了涠洲岛珊瑚生存状况受到了人为活动等因素的影响。  相似文献   

5.
南沙群岛珊瑚礁动力地貌特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
南沙群岛受季风、台风和波浪的影响,珊瑚礁体呈NE-SW向椭圆形态,西南礁坪宽于东北礁坪。位于不同波能带内的珊瑚礁体发育了与之相适应的动力地貌单元。礁前斜坡高波能带地形陡峭,向风坡礁脊一槽沟系发育。外礁坪消耗大量波能,广泛覆盖生物碎屑,珊瑚生长稀疏。内礁坪宽广平坦,珊瑚生长良好。外礁坪堆积许多大礁块,尤以东北礁坪为甚。在湖低波能带,通常东坡缓于百坡,湖盆一般浪静流缓,为生物碎屑堆积区。  相似文献   

6.
通过单轴抗压强度测试法,测量南海北部涠洲岛和南部南沙群岛美济礁块状珊瑚骨骼的抗压强度,将工程力学和珊瑚礁地质生态学相结合,用定量的数据揭示南海南、北部珊瑚骨骼结构的差异性。结果表明,美济礁珊瑚的单轴抗压强度近3倍于涠洲岛样品,显示涠洲岛珊瑚的承载能力相对较弱。南沙群岛海域珊瑚样品的力学性质呈弹性曲线规则变化,而涠洲岛珊瑚的抗压强度时间曲线呈现不规则变化,有不断压密、调整、再压密的过程。通过对破坏后样品的观察,涠洲岛样品的破坏并没有发生在沿生长轴线的方向,而是在孔洞和骨骼密度小的部位。生物侵蚀加重、孔洞增多导致涠洲岛珊瑚骨骼结构的改变,进一步导致了珊瑚不仅抗压强度差、承载力下降,而且力学性质紊乱。该研究工作用定量的数据论证了海水污染对珊瑚骨骼结构改变的影响,建议开展岛礁工程、生态修复等工作之前的首要任务是保护水质、控制排放、有效治理海水污染。  相似文献   

7.
海南岛鹿回头珊瑚礁与全新世高海平面   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
通过实地考察和资料分析,海南岛南部全新世以来以沉降活动为主要特征,鹿回头珊瑚礁能够反映全新世以来的海平面变化,鹿回头岸礁礁坪面上的原生珊瑚礁是全新世高海平面时期的产物.全新世以来南海北部至少存在过4期相对高海平面阶段:7 300~6 000、4 800~4 700、4 300~4 200和3 100~2 900 cal.aBP.其中7 300~6 000 aBP是整个全新世最高海平面时期,也是鹿回头珊瑚礁发育的繁盛期,基本形成了现代珊瑚礁的地貌格局,后来不同时期发育的珊瑚礁是在此时期形成的礁塘或礁坑等低洼地中形成,并在鹿回头半岛两侧向外发展,现代珊瑚礁则发育于全新世珊瑚礁的外礁坪和礁前斜坡带.另外,鹿回头珊瑚礁反映的南海北部全新世高海平面时间与南海其他地区高海平面时间可以衔接或对应,说明南海地区全新世高海平面具有全球背景,至少在南海是一致的,且与气候变暖紧密相联.  相似文献   

8.
南沙群岛珊瑚礁动力地貌特征   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
南沙群岛受季风、台风和波浪的影响,珊瑚礁体呈NE-SW向椭圆形态,西南礁坪宽于东北礁坪。位于不同波能带内的珊瑚礁体发育了与之相适应的动力地貌单元。礁前斜坡高波能带地形陡峭,向风坡礁脊-槽沟系发育。外礁坪消耗大量波能,广泛覆盖生物碎屑,珊瑚生长稀疏。内礁坪宽广平坦,珊瑚生长良好。外礁坪堆积许多大礁块,尤以东北礁坪为甚。在Xi湖低波能带,通常东坡缓于西坡,湖盆一般浪静流缓,为生物碎屑堆积区。  相似文献   

9.
广西涠洲岛地处世界珊瑚礁分布的北缘,其造礁石珊瑚具有较高的生态价值和科学研究价值,然而近30年来涠洲岛的造礁石珊瑚资源呈逐年下降趋势,正面临生物多样性衰退和生态服务功能下降的威胁。本研究针对涠洲岛珊瑚礁生态衰退区域,参照珊瑚礁生态恢复潜力评估决策流程进行恢复可行性评估和恢复策略探讨。结果显示,该区域有造礁石珊瑚5科10属21种;表征海水水质质量的6项指标均在 I类水质标准范围,且常年处于贫营养化;大型海藻覆盖率不足1.00%,90.00%以上的珊瑚礁鱼类为杂食性,且该鱼类种群结构有利于调控大型海藻的暴发性生长,与大型藻类和浮游动植物的多样性相适应,适宜珊瑚生长。但该区域造礁石珊瑚平均覆盖率仅有5.60%,底质类型57.27%为礁石,34.30%的底质为非稳定的碎石和砂,珊瑚幼体补充量平均为3.17 ind/m2,珊瑚幼体更新缓慢。以上结果表明,涠洲岛珊瑚礁具有一定的自然恢复潜力,但珊瑚覆盖率低、幼体补充量少以及部分底质结构不稳定是限制涠洲岛珊瑚礁自然恢复的主要因素,需要加强人工干预。在减少人类活动干扰的前提下,适时进行园艺式培育珊瑚苗种、批量珊瑚原位种植和构建人工珊瑚礁立体生境景观应是涠洲岛珊瑚礁生态衰退区的主要人工恢复策略。  相似文献   

10.
高纬度珊瑚栖息地能否成为气候变暖背景下热带珊瑚物种的“避难所”仍不明确, 南海北部的相关研究更是稀少。本文以取自涠洲岛的2根珊瑚礁沉积岩心为研究对象, 通过U-Th定年、沉积组分分析以及珊瑚种属鉴定等方法, 探讨近千年以来珊瑚礁的发育过程及其对气候变化的响应。研究结果发现, Core1(石螺口)岩心沉积的3个快速堆积阶段分别与罗马暖期、中世纪暖期和现代暖期大致对应; 而2个缓慢堆积阶段则分别与黑暗时代冷期和小冰期大致对应, 证实了温暖的气候对珊瑚礁发育有促进作用, 而寒冷的气候则不利于珊瑚礁的发育; 此外, 现代强烈的人为干扰可能也导致了涠洲岛珊瑚礁的迅速退化。Core2(南湾)中陆源沉积含量高, 珊瑚年龄主要集中在800AD—950AD和现代这两个时间段内, 其原因可能与环境变化、风暴作用及湾内现代珊瑚分布特征有关。通过对比这两个站位的珊瑚礁沉积特征, 本文进一步提出“完全避难所”和“非完全避难所”的概念, 揭示涠洲岛珊瑚可能同时具有低纬度热带珊瑚礁和高纬度珊瑚群落这两种发育特征和趋势。  相似文献   

11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ~200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ~380 km from the coast at a depth of ~250 m above the sea level.  相似文献   

12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.  相似文献   

13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

14.
双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。  相似文献   

15.
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

16.
The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared.  相似文献   

17.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.  相似文献   

18.
为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明:黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km2,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km2;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。  相似文献   

19.
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

20.
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.  相似文献   

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