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广东海岸线漫长而曲折,围填海已成为沿海地区缓解工业及城市建设用地紧张的最有效途径。文章在分析广东沿海应因地制宜选择围填海适宜性评价体系的基础上,提出规范区域建设用海规划、改进围填海总体布局与平面设计的必要性,总结在围填海占用滨海湿地、导致近海环境污染和生物多样性减少的背景下,围填海应充分关注公众利益,避免不同利益群体间的矛盾与冲突,并从构建围填海生态补偿评估标准、多渠道筹备围填海生态补偿资金、公众积极参与围填海生态补偿等方面,探讨广东沿海围填海过程中引入和完善生态补偿机制的重要性,为依法、规范开展围填海活动提供相关决策参考,实现广东沿海大开发与海洋生态环境保护和谐、可持续发展。 相似文献
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为加强对围填海开发的管理,提高围填海利用率及经济效益,基于遥感影像、统计资料与第一次全国海洋经济调查数据,文章对1990—2015年以来河北省围填海规模发展状况、产业开发特征以及围填海经济效益进行研究。结果显示,1990年以来河北省累计围填海总面积达6.21万hm2,以港口、工业和城镇建设围填海为主,围填区实体项目所涉产业主要包括农林牧渔业、交通运输与仓储业、制造业。围填海未利用面积占比达53.14%,其中计划用于制造业的围填海未利用面积较大。2015年河北省围填区域生产总值达296.23亿元,对全省GDP的贡献率达0.99%,但单位面积经济效益低于邻近省、市。分析认为,河北省围填海未利用率高、经济效益较低的主要因素包括腹地支撑程度不高、基础设施不完善、产业形势低迷及港口竞争优势不足等。当前河北省应重点从区域协同发展、区域规划、基础设施建设、优惠政策等方面加强围填海开发管理,不断优化围填海开发格局,带动沿海社会经济的发展。 相似文献
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文章依据大型围填海工程的主要生态问题,从生境和海洋生物生态两个方面考虑,分析了大型围填海工程海洋生态修复的重点。以福建省宁德市三屿工业区为例,探讨了三屿工业区生态修复的目标、构建了区域生态安全格局,分析了湿地公园建设、自然保护区养殖清退、红树林异地补植、生态海堤建设等具体的生态修复方案和实施效果。可为大型围填海工程海洋生态问题的识别与生态修复重点的确定提供技术支撑,有利于减轻大型围填海工程带来的负面影响,促进大型围填海工程海洋生态修复工作的开展,促进海洋生态系统保护,维护区域生态安全格局,具有较好的应用价值和实践意义。 相似文献
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随着沿海地区大量人口的涌入,国内外沿海各地纷纷兴起围海造陆的热潮。大规模的围填海工程在解决用地不足的同时也给近海海洋环境造成了深远的影响,这引起了许多学者的关注。本文分别从围填海对近海海域地形地貌、水动力环境以及海洋生态环境等方面阐述围填海工程对近海海洋环境影响,并重点分析数值模拟在海洋水动力环境影响分析中的发展应用。最后根据围填海工程对近海海洋环境影响的研究现状与进展趋势,提出围填海工程对近海海洋环境影响研究的建议以及今后研究的方向,未来应系统的研究大规模围填海工程对近海海域的长期影响,考虑多项因素,全方位地论述研究的方法,以便于科学合理的开发利用海洋资源。 相似文献
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为进一步加强海域使用管理，促进海域开发利用和资源环境的可持续发展，文章建立围填海用海承载指数评价指标体系和评价模型，分析江苏13个县级行政区的围填海用海承载指数及其监测预警情况，并提出建议。研究结果表明:江苏围填海用海承载指数评价指标体系包括资源禀赋、开发利用强度、发展潜力和区域约束4个一级指标以及10个二级指标；江苏13个县级行政区的围填海用海承载指数为-0.46～9.63，呈显著的空间差异，其中中部辐射沙洲区的大丰区、东台市和如东县围填海用海承载条件良好，北部连云港市辖区以及南部南通市的通州区和启东市围填海用海承载条件较差；未来应建立围填海用海承载能力监测预警长效机制、严格实行围填海管控制度、合理调整和优化产业布局以及加强政府和社会的协同监督。 相似文献
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为缓解沿海地区人地矛盾、拓展城市生存空间，围填海活动在短时间内迅速发展。然而，围填海工程在带来显著经济效益的同时，对近岸区域的海洋环境与生物资源造成了诸多负面影响。为此，文章分析围填海活动对海洋水文动力条件、水体质量、防灾减灾等海洋环境带来的威胁，探讨其对生物多样性、栖息地保护、生态系统服务功能价值产生的损害。最后，在完善围填海国家政策法规管理制度、强化生态修复规划研究、建立围填海生态环境影响评估体系3个层面提出切实可行的对策建议，以期为沿海地区健康可持续发展、围填海生态影响研究及相关管理工作提供科学依据。 相似文献
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围填海作为开发利用海洋空间,推动社会经济发展的一种基础方式,近些年在我国沿海各地已出现不同程度的造地热潮,而且规模越来越大。填海造地工程虽然带来了巨大的社会经济利益,但不可避免地出现了海洋环境质量下降、渔业资源衰减、滨海湿地环境退化、海洋生态系统受损等一系列的问题。文章从当下围填海工程建设对海洋生态环境的影响入手,结合笔者从事围填海项目海域使用论证和海洋环境动态监视监测的经验,给出保护海洋生态环境,加强海洋生态文明建设的建议。 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
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I. G. Ostrovskaya 《Physical Oceanography》1992,3(5):397-403
Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
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Al. A. Shreider 《Oceanology》2007,47(1):91-103
The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates. 相似文献
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The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years. 相似文献