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1.
Coastal structures may be built on natural sedimentary intermediate grounds, which mainly consist of silty soils and fine sandy soils. In this study, extensive field and laboratory tests were performed on the nattwal marine intermediate deposits to demonstrate the difference in behavior between natural marine clayey soils and natural marine intermediate deposits. The natural intermediate deposits have almost the same miles of natural water content to liquid limit as those of the soft natural marine clays, but the former have much higher in-situ strength and sensitivity than the latter. The research results indicate that grain size distributions of soils affect significantly tip resistance obtained in field cone penetration tests. The mechanical parameters of natural marine intermediate deposits are also significantly affected by sample disturbance due to their high sensitivity and relatively large permeability. Unconfined compression shear tests largely underestimate the strength of natural marine intermediate soils. The triaxial consohdated compression shear tests with simulated insitu confined pressure give results much better than those of uncomfined compression shear tests. 相似文献
2.
Critical State Sedimentation Line of Soft Marine Clays 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
The compression behavior responsible for unity sensitivity is very valuable in quantitative assessment of the effects of soil structure on the compression behavior of soft marine sediments. However, the quantitative assessment of such effects is not possible because of unavailability of the formula for the compression curve of marine sediments responsible for unit sensitivity. In this study, the relationship between the remolded state and the conventional critical state line is presented in the deviator stress versus mean effective stress plot. The analysis indicates that the remolded state is on the conventional critical state line obtained at a relatively small strain. Thus, a unique critical state sedimentation line for marine sediments of unit sensitivity is proposed. The comparison between the critical state sedimentation line proposed in this study and the existing normalized consolidation curves obtained from conventional oedometer tests on remolded soils or reconstituted soils explains well the 相似文献
3.
The large cylinder is a new-type structure that has been applied to harbor and offshore engineering. An analytic method of the relationship between loads and the structure displacement is developed based on the failure mode of deep embedded large cylinder structures. It can be used to calculate directly the soil resistance and the ultirnate bearing capacity of the structure under usage. A new criterion of the large cylinder structure, which discriminates the deep embedded cylinder from the shallow embedded cylinder, is defined. Model tests prove that the proposed method is feasible for the analysis of deep embedded large cylinder structures. 相似文献
4.
Comparison of Remolded Shear Strength with Intrinsic Strength Line for Dredged Deposits 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chandler proposed the intrinsic strength line to correlate the undrained shear strength of samples one-dimensionally consolidated from slurry with the void index proposed by Burland. The undrained shear strength on the intrinsic strength line is different from the remolded undrained shear strength that is an important parameter for design and construction of land reclamation. The void index is used in this study for normalizing the remolded strength behavior of dredged deposits. A quantitative relationship between remolded undrained shear strength and void index is established based on extensive data of dredged deposits available from sources of literature. Furthermore, the normalized remolded undrained shear strength is compared with intrinsic strength line. The comparison result indicates that the ratio of undrained shear strength on the intrinsic strength line over remolded undrained shear strength increases with an increase in applied consolidated stress. 相似文献
5.
Jin Weiliang Zhu Yuming Li Linpu Associate Professor Dr. -Eng. Zhejiang University Hangzhou
Engineer Metallurgical Building Design Research Institute Beijing
Associate Professor Dalian University of Technology Dalian 《中国海洋工程》1993,(4)
- Based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure principle and Rankine's theory, the laterally loaded pile ultimate resistance formulas of sand and soft clay proposed by Reese and Matlock respectively are discussed in this paper. The authors put forward the modified ultimate resistance formulas on the basis of which the ultimate resistance formula is developed for horizontally loaded pile in multi-layer soil in consideration of the effect of the overburden soil pressure on the calculation of soil layer. It is significant to the correct application of the ultimate resistance formulas in API and ZCS Rules into offshore engineering. 相似文献
6.
- The ultimate strength analysis of offshore jacket platforms is a research project which has been developed in recent years. With the rapid development of marine oil industry, the departments of design and IMR (Inspection, Maintenance and Repair) in the offshore engineering have attached great importance to this project. The research procedure applies to both the stress check of new design platforms and the whole safety assessment of existing platforms. In this paper, we combine the pseudo non-linear technique with the linear analysis program and successfully analyze the ultimate strength of the space frame structure subject to the concentrated load and a real jacket platform subject to the dead load and environmental load. 相似文献
7.
Experimental research on the marine hydrodynamic action on the consolidation process of the sediments in the Yellow River Estuary 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the in-situ measurements,the impact of the marine hydrodynamics,such as wave and tide,in the rapidly deposited sediments consolidation process was studied.In the tide flat of Diaokou delta-lobe,one test pit was excavated.The seabed soils were dug and dehydrated,and then the powder of the soil was mixed with seawater to be fluid sediments.And an iron plate covered part of the test pit to cut off the effect of the marine hydrodynamics.By field-testing methods,like static cone penetration test (SPT) and vane shear test (VST),the variation of strength is measured as a function of time,and the marine hydrodynamics impact on the consolidation process of the sediments in the Yellow River estuary was studied.It is shown that the self-consolidated sediments’ strength linearly increases with the depth.In the consolidation process,in the initial,marine hydrodynamics play a decisive role,about 1.5 times as much as self-consolidated in raising the strength of the sea-bed soils,and with the extension of the depth the role of the hydrodynamics is reduced.In the continuation of the consolidation process,the trend of the surface sediments increased-strength gradually slows down under the water dynamics,while the sediments below are in opposite ways.As a result,the rapidly deposited silt presents a nonuniform consolidation state,and the crust gradually forms.The results have been referenced in studying the role of the hydrodynamics in the soil consolidation process. 相似文献
8.
Zhou Xireng Duan Xudong Sang Xuezhu Zhang Rui Dai Jialu Professor Tianjin University Tianjin
Engineer Xiamen Port Office Fujian
Lecturer Tianjin University Tianjin
Senior Engineer Tianjin Port Office Tianjin 《中国海洋工程》1992,(2)
A method of coupled BEM-FEM analysis for the elastic spatial structure system is presented. It can be applied to the calculation of the stress and deformation of the large-diamater cylinder structure system and it is suitable for symmetric or non-symmetric structures under the distributed or concentrated load. Numerical examples show that the proposed method and computer program BEFEM are quite efficient in the analysis of the large-diameter cylinder structure problems in ocean engineering. 相似文献
9.
Farhad HOSSEINLOU 《中国海洋工程》2021,(1):96-106
The identification of variations in the dynamic behavior of structures is an important subject in structural integrity assessment.Improvement and servicing of offshore platforms in the marine environment with constant changing,requires understanding the real behavior of these structures to prevent possible failure.In this work,empirical and numerical models of jacket structure are investigated.A test on experimental modal analysis is accomplished to acquire the response of structure and a mathematical model of the jacket structure is also performed.Then,based on the control theory using developed reduction system,the matrices of the platform model is calibrated and updated.The current methodology can be applied to prepare the finite element model to be more adaptable to the empirical model.Calibrated results with the proposed approach in this paper are very close to those of the actual model and also this technique leads to a reduction in the amount of calculations and expenses.The research clearly confirms that the dynamic behavior of fixed marine structures should be designed and assessed considering the calibrated analytical models for the safety of these structures. 相似文献
10.
Subsea tunnel lining structures should be designed to sustain the loads transmitted from surrounding ground and groundwater during excavation. Extremely high pore-water pressure reduces the effective strength of the country rock that surrounds a tunnel, thereby lowering the arching effect and stratum stability of the structure. In this paper, the mechanical behavior and shape optimization of the lining structure for the Xiang’an tunnel excavated in weathered slots are examined. Eight cross sections with different geometric parameters are adopted to study the mechanical behavior and shape optimization of the lining structure. The hyperstatic reaction method is used through finite element analysis software ANSYS. The mechanical behavior of the lining structure is evidently affected by the geometric parameters of cross- sectional shape. The minimum safety factor of the lining structure elements is set to be the objective function. The efficient tunnel shape to maximize the minimum safety factor is identified. The minimum safety factor increases significantly after optimization. The optimized cross section significantly improves the mechanical characteristics of the lining structure and effectively reduces its deformation. Force analyses of optimization process and program are conducted parametrically so that the method can be applied to the optimization design of other similar structures. The results obtained from this study enhance our understanding of the mechanical behavior of the lining structure for subsea tunnels. These results are also beneficial to the optimal design of lining structures in general. 相似文献
11.
Quantitative laboratory studies on the structural behavior of natural intact marine clays require a large number of identical natural samples leading to an expensive and challenging task. This study proposes a simple method to reconstruct an artificial structured marine clay as the state of its natural intact clay at both macro and micro levels. For this purpose, the Shanghai marine clay is selected and mixed with low cement contents (1–6%). The clay-cement slurry is mixed in a container with the ice-covered sides at a low temperature about 0 ± 2 °C to postpone the hydration reactions until consolidation began. The purpose of adding cement is to generate the inter-particle bonding and structure in reconstituted samples. Initially, the reconstituted samples are consolidated under the in situ stress of 98 kPa and then under the pre-consolidation pressure of 50 kPa. Mechanical characteristics such as compression index, yield stress, unconfined compression strength, shear strength ratio, and the stress paths from triaxial tests are compared with natural intact clay accordingly. Scanning electron microscope and mercury intrusion porosimetry analyses are also performed to analyze the microstructure of clays for comparison. Furthermore, the proposed method is also examined by using natural intact marine clays of different locations and characteristics. 相似文献
12.
Soft kaolinite deposits of marine origin are encountered as foundation soils in many parts of the world. The well-developed flocculated structure of kaolinite-bearing marine deposits is amenable to alterations from leaching of pore solution salts, loss of overburden, and secondary compression. Secondary compression causes densification of microstructure that may impact the viscous resistance, soil stiffness, and undrained shear strength of kaolinite-bearing marine deposits. This study examines the influence of secondary compression on viscous resistance and constrained stress–strain modulus of soft kaolinites prepared in synthetic seawater and sodium chloride solutions. The impact of secondary compression on undrained shear strength is interpreted from changes in microstructure, percent monovalent cation concentration, viscous resistance, and constrained stress–strain modulus. Kaolinite specimens experience reduction in void space during secondary compression. Breakdown of edge–face (E–F) and edge–edge (E–E) contacts of kaolinite particles during secondary compression and creation of interlocking zones is observed from scanning electron micrograph studies. Breakdown of E–F and E–E contacts is considered responsible for reduction in constrained stress–strain modulus during secondary compression. Concomitant, creation of interlocking zones at particle contacts increases the viscous resistance of microstructure that enhances the undrained shear strength of soft kaolinites. 相似文献
13.
Permeability characteristics of lime treated marine clay 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An attempt has been made to investigate the lime induced permeability changes in the permeability and engineering behavior of different lime column treated soil systems. Lime columns treated marine clay shows an increase in permeability up to a maximum value of 15–18 times that of untreated soil with time. The shear strength of the treated soil systems show an increment up to 8–10 that of untreated soil within a period of 30–45 days curing. In the case of lime injection systems, the permeability has been increased up to 10–15 times that of untreated soil, whereas the strength of the soil has been higher by 8–10 times that of untreated soil. Further, consolidation tests show a reduction in the compressibility up to 1/2–1/3 of original values. The test results revealed that both lime column and injection techniques could be used to improve the behaviour of underwater marine clay deposits. 相似文献
14.
Consolidation occurs in estuarine marine clays for coastal reclamation by dissipation of the excess pore pressure, which is induced by increasing the total overburden stress during conventional mechanical surcharging. The excess pore pressure can be decreased usually by the use of several construction methods such as sand drain and paper drain. Besides the drain methods, vacuum can also be used in the soil mass to consolidate the estuarine marine clays by decreasing the pore pressure as well as increasing the effective stress.The study on vacuum consolidation is devoted so far mainly for laboratory model tests or numerical analysis in Korea. Recently, an instrumentation system was applied to manage the vacuum-applied consolidation on a field, in which a sewage disposal plant was constructed. While vacuum was applied, the behaviors of estuarine marine clays such as the settlement, lateral deformation and pore water pressure have been investigated precisely. The behavior of estuarine marine clays during vacuum-applied consolidation shows some difference from the behavior of estuarine marine clays in the case of conventional preloading. A principal difference is that the lateral deformation corresponding to settlement is smaller than before vacuum application even though the surcharge height has been increased. 相似文献
15.
The influence of cyclic loading on the strength and deformation behavior of cemented marine clay has been studied. This marine clay is of recent Pleistocene origin and deposited in a shallow water marine environment. Open pits were dug in sheeted enclosures and from these pits, undisturbed samples were taken for strength testing. A series of standard triaxial shear tests and stress controlled one-way cyclic load tests were conducted at consolidation stress ranges below and above the preconsolidation pressure. For the stress levels below the preconsolidation pressure, the cyclic loading has brought about the collapse of the cementation bond through an increase in strains, and at higher pressure ranges, the soil behaves like typical soft clay. This experiment studied the rate of development of strain and pore water pressure and shows that rate is a function of number of cycles, applied stress, and stress history. In addition, soil degradation during cyclic loading is studied in terms of Degradation Index. Attempt has been made to predict stain, pore water pressure, and degradation index through an empirical model. 相似文献
16.
Yu-Ke Wang Yu-Feng Gao Yue Qiu Xiu-Qing Hu Ying Zhang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2016,34(5):493-502
The deformation behavior and shear strength of soft marine clays subjected to wave or traffic loads are different from that in triaxial loading due to the changes of major principal stress direction β and intermediate principal stress coefficient b. To investigate the anisotropy affected by β and b in natural soft marine clay, a series of drained tests were conducted by hollow cylinder apparatus. The principal stress direction relative to vertical direction were maintained constant under an increasing shear stress, with fixed intermediate principal stress coefficient b. The influence of the b and β on anisotropy of typically Wenzhou intact clay is discussed. It was found that octahedral stress–strain relationships expressed anisotropy with different b and β. The friction angle and deviator stress ratio with different b and β were presented to provide guidance for engineering projects in the coastal zone. 相似文献
17.
In actual engineering, soft clay foundations are in drained or partial drained conditions, it would be useful to establish reasonable constitutive relationship and provide guidance for engineering projects. A hollow cylinder apparatus is used to investigate the anisotropic deformation behavior of natural soft marine clay influenced by intermediate principal stress coefficient b and principal stress direction α. Tests were conducted by maintaining a fixed principal stress direction α relative to the vertical direction, while keeping the intermediate principal stress coefficient b constant. It was found that the anisotropic deformation behavior of natural soft clay is merely influenced by major principal stress direction α, but significantly influenced by intermediate principal stress coefficient b. 相似文献
18.
Rapid industrial growth and increasing population has resulted in the discharge of wastes into the ocean, wastes which ultimately reach the seabed and contaminate the marine sediments. The soil-contaminants interaction, and their associated physico chemical properties with sediments control the behavior of marine clays. Marine clay deposits of low strength and high compressibility are located in many coastal and offshore areas. There are several foundation problems encountered in these weak marine clays. In this study, experimental work was carried out in the laboratory to stabilize soft marine clays using the lime column technique. Also the lime-induced effects on the physical and engineering behavior of marine clays in sulfate-contaminated marine environment was investigated. Consolidation tests indicate that compressibility of the lime-treated samples was reduced to 1/2-1/3 of the virgin soil after 45 days treatment. The test results also suggest that the lime column technique can be conveniently used to improve the behavior of contaminated marine clay deposits. 相似文献
19.
Qiangqiang Cheng Yong Liu Wei Wang Liang Jia 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):488-505
ABSTRACTStrength and stiffness properties of materials are widely studied and used in civil engineering practice. However, most studies are based on unconfined conditions, which are different from real status of soil. This study investigated the primary yielding and yield locus for cement-stabilized marine clay. In this study, two types of cement-stabilized soils were studied through isotropic compression, triaxial drained shearing, unconfined compression, and bender element testing. Specimens with 20–50% of cement content and 7–90 days of curing period were used for the tests. Stress–strain behavior and primary yielding were evaluated, followed by construction of the primary yield locus. The characteristics of the primary yield locus and its development with curing time then were studied. The results showed that the properties of the primary yield locus were dependent on the type of stabilized soil, but were independent of the cement content and curing period. Thus, the approach provides a way to estimate the primary yield stress and drained stress path before primary yielding for cement-stabilized soil under confined condition. An empirical function was used to fit the primary yield locus. The primary isotropic yield stress was correlated to unconfined compressive strength or maximum shear modulus. Three indirect methods were proposed to predict the primary yield stress for cement-stabilized marine clay. The results showed that the primary yield stress can be estimated with reasonable accuracy. 相似文献