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1.
源解析受体模型在伶仃洋沉积物重金属污染研究中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
源解析受体模型是在大气气溶胶粒子来源及酸雨成因研究中建立与发展起来的。首次将该模型移植到水环境的沉积物重金属污染研究中，经验证处理后，解析了伶仃洋沉积物中重金属的地理区域源，并定量计算了这些区域源对特征污染元素的贡献率。  相似文献   

2.
源解析受体模型在伶仃洋沉积物重金属污染研究中的应用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
源解析受体模型是在大气气溶胶粒子来源及酸雨成因研究中建立与发展起来的。首次将该模型移植到水环境的沉积物重金属污染研究中，经验证处理后，解析了伶仃洋沉积物中重金属的地球区域源，并定量计算了这些区域源对特征污染元素的贡献率。  相似文献   

3.
利用GC-MS测定日照近岸海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)浓度,采用低环与中高环PAHs的相对丰度以及同分异构体的比值方法,初步解析出表层沉积物中PAHs主要来自于燃煤(工业燃煤、民用燃煤)、燃油(柴油燃烧、汽油燃烧)、焦化、柴油泄漏、木材燃烧等污染源.通过查阅文献获取上述污染源相关源成分谱,应用降解因子修正后的化学质量平衡模型(EPA CMB8.2)对表层沉积物中PAHs的来源进行定量解析.结果表明研究区域内表层沉积物中PAHs的主要来源为燃煤源(工业燃煤、民用燃煤)、柴油燃烧和柴油泄漏,其相对贡献率分别为75.70%,15.05%和9.25%.  相似文献   

4.
二甲基硫（ＤＭＳ）在大气化学和全球生物地球化学循环中起了重要作用,是影响气候变化的重要痕量气体。ＤＭＳ的前身是β－二甲巯基丙酸（ＤＭＳＰ）。采用顶空气相色谱法（ＧＣ）测定海水悬浮颗粒物中ＤＭＳＰ。对实验材料的选择、取样操作、温度的影响、平衡时间的影响和样品保存等问题进行了探讨。该方法精密度为６．９％,回收率为８５％。  相似文献   

5.
青岛位于京津冀的下风区,毗邻黄渤海,其大气污染受到陆地和海洋传输的影响,尤其在冬季来源较为复杂。本研究利用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪于2019年12月在青岛奥帆中心采集913 514个大气颗粒,并利用Art-2a算法将其分类,对青岛市大气气溶胶进行溯源和分析。其中富钾颗粒(K)、元素碳和有机碳混合颗粒物(ECOC)、有机碳颗粒物(OC)、多环芳烃颗粒物(PAH)、OCEC和富钾颗粒与有机碳元素碳混合颗粒(K＿ECOC)等颗粒物多与生物质燃烧有关,其在总颗粒物中的占比高达49.2%;与工业排放有关的元素碳和富钾混合颗粒(EC＿K)、富铁颗粒(Fe)和其他重金属(other＿HM)颗粒物的占比为29.7%;与海洋排放相关的海盐颗粒和富钠颗粒物(Na＿rich)占比为6.8%;另外有机胺(Amine, 10.6%)受到了陆源和海洋源的共同影响。根据污染个例分析发现,青岛受到京津冀传输影响时,局地工业源EC＿K的贡献从36.0%逐渐降至15.0%,较高的环境湿度促进了Amine在颗粒物上的二次生成;当受到高空输送影响时,以生物质燃烧颗粒为主导(70.5%);在海洋气团影响主导时,青岛受局地排放(EC＿...  相似文献   

6.
冬季北黄海表层海水pCO_2分布及其影响因素探讨   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
根据2006年12月在北黄海走航连续观测所得pCO2 数据,结合水文、化学和生物等要素的同步观测资料,对该海域pCO2分布及其影响因素进行了探讨.结果表明:冬季北黄海表层海水pCO2测值在203～683 μatm之间,平均值为408 μatm.辽南沿岸流及其影响区域是大气CO2汇区;山东半岛以北沿岸,122°E以西受渤海环流输送,黄河悬浮颗粒物影响的高浑浊度区域是大气CO2的一个强源区(最高值达到683 μatm);而占据北黄海大部的黄海混合水以及北黄海整体上是大气CO2的弱源.冬季北黄海表层海水pCO2分布主要受控于海水温度、碳酸盐体系平衡和生物活动,即温度越高pCO2越高、DIC 越高pCO2越高、叶绿素含量越高pCO2越低.其中辽南沿岸流及其影响区域生物活动的影响最为显著.而山东半岛以北沿岸的高浑浊度区域水体性质具有特殊性,较高的 pCO2受控于高的DIC浓度以及陆岸的影响.  相似文献   

7.
厦门湾颗粒活性污染物归宿的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
陈敏  黄奕普 《海洋学报》1998,20(5):70-74
采用条件分配系数Kd作为量度污染物颗粒活性强弱的基准,结合234Th-238U不平衡确定的颗粒物停留时间以及水体的停留时间,建立了一个简单的模型用于预测具有不同Kd值的污染物在厦门湾的归宿,该模型最终确定了某一污染物进入该海域后迁出至沉积物与离开该海域进入外海水之相对份额大小。污染物质的最终归宿通常依赖于其本身的化学性质、环境中的颗粒动力学性质及水动力作用,忽略其中任何一个因素都是不合适的。  相似文献   

8.
2006年1~4月在台湾海峡西岸东北部的平潭岛上空采集了大气颗粒物样品,分析样品中的多氯联苯(PCBs)、类二噁英类多氯联苯(DL-PCBs)等浓度及组成,研究了海岛大气的污染特征及其可能来源.结果表明:平潭岛大气颗粒物中PCBs的质量浓度为0.223~21.658 pg/m3,平均值为4.820 pg/m3.28个PCBs同系物单体中以PCB138和PCB189为主.颗粒物中PCBs的组成以六氯取代和七氯取代的高氯取代为主,平均约占总浓度的44.5%和32.2%.11个DL-PCBs的毒性当量范围为0.008~215.576 fg/m3,其中对毒性当量贡献较大的为PCB126、PCB123和PCB189.CPCBs-27和CDL-PCBs-11均呈现出冬季1、2月浓度相对较高,春季3、4月较低的趋势.气团后向轨迹分析表明,平潭岛地区冬春季大气颗粒物中PCBs可能来源于北方城市地区的供暖和工业排放.  相似文献   

9.
厦门是南亚热带海洋性季风气候,海洋雾霾和台风影响明显.本文利用单颗粒气溶胶飞行时间质谱仪(SPAMS)对2013年第7号台风"苏力"登陆前后期间(7月10日至7月18日)厦门上空大气气溶胶中细颗粒物进行实时在线观测,分析典型的台风极端天气对厦门大气气溶胶特征的影响.在此次研究中厦门上空气溶胶中的物质主要可分为:元素碳、有机碳、生物质燃烧、元素有机碳、含铅颗粒、含钒颗粒物、含钙颗粒物、海盐和高分子颗粒物等9类.研究结果表明台风影响过程中细颗粒组成发生明显变化具体为:台风前船舶排放的含钒颗粒物明显增多,这与台风前大量船舶驶入并停靠在厦门锚地避风有关;随后台风强气流将其他地区的污染物带入厦门,颗粒物数浓度不断升高达到最高值;强降雨的清扫作用使得大气中颗粒物的浓度迅速降低,但台风过后大气中颗粒物数浓度则迅速升高.润滑油燃烧产生的含钙和磷酸盐的颗粒物数浓度升高最为明显,表明汽车尾气仍然是厦门本地污染的重要来源.  相似文献   

10.
对南海和厦门湾表层水中210Po和210Pb的粒级分布特征进行了研究.结果表明,南海海水中210Po和210Pb在不同粒级颗粒物中的体积比活度高低顺序为:(＜0.4μm)＞(0.4～2.0 μm)＞(2.0～10 μm)＞(＞10μm).210Po、210Pb主要存在于＜2.0 μm粒级颗粒物中.厦门湾210Po体积比活度高低顺序为:(2.0～10 μm)＞(＜1.2μm)＞(＞10μm)＞(1.2～2.0 μm),210Po主要存在于＞2.0μm粒级颗粒物中.南海不同粒级颗粒物中210Pb的质量比活度差异不大,0.4～2.0 μm和2.0～10 μm粒级210Po质量比活度约为10μm粒级210Po比活度的3倍.厦门湾210Po的质量比活度比南海相应粒级210Po低约1个数量级,且各粒级间差异不大,表明不同粒径颗粒物在210Po和210Pb清除过程中的作用不同.210Po和210Pb的固-液分配系数(Kd)及分馏因子(α)进一步证实南海0.4～2.0 μm粒级颗粒物对210Po的清除能力比其它粒级颗粒物更强,而＞10μm粒级颗粒物对210Pb的清除能力比其它粒级颗粒物更强.不同粒级颗粒物中210Po与210Pb之间的不平衡状况揭示了不同粒级颗粒物不同的来源,为210Po/210Pb不平衡示踪颗粒物来源提供了依据.  相似文献   

11.
2016年春季在青岛地区采集总悬浮颗粒物样品,利用X-射线衍射仪对其碎屑和黏土矿物进行分析,结果表明在不同空气质量采集的样品中,矿物组成有明显差异。对较差天气下采集的样品进行黏土矿物分析,识别出伊利石、蒙皂石、绿泥石和高岭石等4种主要黏土矿物。利用蒙皂石-伊利石-高岭石三角图解、亚洲沙尘暴数值预报系统和颗粒物后向轨迹分析,对较差天气下采集的颗粒物来源进行分析,发现颗粒物主要来自亚洲内陆(组分百分比48.3%)和青岛附近地区(组分百分比51.7%);利用后向轨迹对较好天气下采集的样品分析,发现颗粒物不仅有亚洲内陆(组分百分比34.43%)和青岛附近地区的来源(组分百分比42.62%),还有东南向气流搬运而来的海盐颗粒物(组分百分比22.95%)。通过以上研究,对青岛地区春季大气颗粒物的矿物组成和来源有了详细的认识,对于了解大气颗粒物对青岛沿海地区空气质量、海洋生态环境的影响具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

12.
随着全球变暖的加剧,北极陆架边缘海碳的源汇过程对全球碳循环的影响及其气候环境效应日益显著。拉普捷夫海作为北冰洋典型的陆架边缘海,在大河、海冰、海洋初级生产力及海岸侵蚀的影响下,该区沉积有机碳的来源、输运和埋藏等过程独具特色。本文基于2018年中俄第二次北极联合科考获得的悬浮颗粒物样品和水文资料,研究了夏末秋初拉普捷夫海颗粒有机碳的分布特征、来源及其影响因素。结果表明,颗粒有机碳（POC）的浓度位于35.27～1 185.58 μg/L之间,平均为172.65 μg/L。受河流输入、海岸侵蚀和海洋初级生产力的影响,表层POC浓度分布呈现近岸高、远岸低趋势;底层POC浓度分布主要受控于沉积再悬浮作用,高浓度POC出现在勒拿河三角洲的东部区域。总悬浮颗粒物浓度与POC浓度总体呈显著正相关,显示出其对POC空间分布的直接影响,且两者在底层中的相关性要高于表层,表明不同层位的POC可能存在来源差异。研究区POC的δ13C值处于?31.03‰～?25.79‰之间,表层δ13C值较底层明显偏负,且部分站位的δ13C值甚至低于周边陆源有机碳的端元,这反映了可能除陆源输入的贡献外,近海浮游植物直接利用大量陆源有机质降解产生的溶解无机碳的过程也对该区域POC的供应和来源解析具有重要的影响。  相似文献   

13.
The transport of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate trace metals (PTM) to the sea surface by rising bubbles in samples of surface water collected in Narragansett Bay was examined using an adsorptive bubble separation technique. Recoveries of POC ranged from 30 to 59% while those of the particulate form of the trace metals, Al, Mn, Fe, V, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr and Cd were generally greater than 50%. The recovery data were used to arrive at a rough order of magnitude estimate of the bubble transport of POC and PTM under open-ocean conditions. While transport rates of the trace metals to the sea surface by both bubble transport and atmospheric deposition varied over approximately 3 orders of magnitude, the ratio of bubble transport to atmospheric deposition for most metals varied over approximately one order of magnitude, perhaps suggesting some degree of coupling between atmospheric PTM and bubble-transported PTM.  相似文献   

14.
Particulate matter from the atmosphere over the Atlantic Ocean along the South American and African Continents has been analyzed for organic tracers from natural and biomass burning emissions. The major biomarker compounds characterized are natural products from continental vegetation consisting primarily of epicuticular wax components. For example, n-alkanes ranged from C25 to C35, with an odd carbon number predominance and carbon maxima (Cmax) at 29 or 31. Concentrations of n-alkanes varied from 0.3 to 680 ng/m3. Nevertheless, n-alkanols are the dominant terrestrial tracers in almost all samples (concentrations from 0.1 to 780 ng/m3) and ranged from C22 to C34 with an even carbon number predominance. Despite the major presence of the natural tracers, organic components from biomass burning emissions are also present in the particulate matter. The major tracers from this source are thermal degradation products from the biopolymer cellulose, namely the dianhydromonosaccharide derivatives levoglucosan, galactosan, and mannosan. In general, the concentrations of levoglucosan, the major derivative from this source in all samples, varied from 0.0008 to 0.15 ng/m3 in atmospheric samples collected over the ocean and from 0.04 to 4860 ng/m3 in terrestrial particulate matter, used as reference in this study. Dehydroabietic acid, another marker compound emitted from burning of Gymnosperm fuel, is also detectable in most oceanic samples at concentrations ranging from 0.0001 to 0.4 ng/m3, whereas in terrestrial aerosol particulate matter, this component is present at much higher concentrations (0.23–440 ng/m3). The presence of these tracers in atmospheric particulate matter over the ocean confirms the long-range transport of smoke from biomass burning off the continents.  相似文献   

15.
Estuaries are characterised by highly variable environmental conditions largely driven by tidal and atmospheric forces. This study investigates variation in the physical environment and the composition of the seston on various temporal scales in the Quempillén estuary, southern Chile. The water column was sampled throughout the tidal cycle at various times of the year. Total particulate matter, particulate inorganic matter, particulate organic matter, particle numbers, total particle volume, proximate biochemical composition and energy content of the seston, chlorophyll a and chloropigments were routinely measured. In each of the months in which sampling took place, two or three tidal cycles were examined. The information not only helps to explain the dynamics of the estuary, but is essential for an understanding of the physiology and ecology of the suspension-feeders which exploit the seston as a food source, the most dominant being the gastropod Crepipatella dilatata. Temperature and salinity were generally highest during summer, but seston quality, defined by energy content and biochemical composition (lipid, protein and carbohydrate) was higher at the end of winter and during spring. Chlorophyll a values were greatest in late spring (November). Many of the variables studied changed frequently according to the phase of the tidal cycle, and in several cases significant differences were observed among tidal cycles from the same month of the same year. In general the variables measured did not exhibit consistent patterns linked to the tidal cycle, possibly because any such patterns were masked by atmospheric conditions (wind and rain) that dominate the region and greatly influence the estuary. The quantity and quality of the seston available to suspension-feeders is largely determined by these atmospheric forces, which cause an influx of terrigenous material from adjacent areas and also resuspend bottom sediment. These effects are magnified by the shallowness of the estuary (<2 m depth). The food supply for C. dilatata and other suspension-feeders therefore varies on temporal scales varying from hourly (tidal cycle) to daily/weekly (atmospheric forces) to monthly (seasonal influences), but inhibition of feeding by low salinity sometimes limits the ability of C. dilatata to exploit fully the available organic matter.  相似文献   

16.
We examined metal (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) and particulate organic carbon (OC) concentrations of the marine vertical export flux at the DYFAMED time-series station in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. We present here the first data set of natural and anthropogenic metals from sediment trap moorings deployed at 1000 m-depth between 2003 and 2007 at the DYFAMED site. A highly significant correlation was observed between most metal concentrations, whatever the nature and emission source of the metal. Cu, Zn and Cd exhibit different behaviors, presumably due to their high solubility and complexation with organic ligands. The observed difference of atmospheric and marine fluxes in terms of temporal variability and elemental concentration suggests that dense water convection and primary production and not atmospheric deposition control the marine vertical export flux. This argument is strengthened by the fact that significant Saharan dust events did not result in concomitant marine vertical export fluxes nor did they generate significant changes in metal concentrations of trapped particles.  相似文献   

17.
本研究通过识别海洋气团特征及沿海城市大气受到海洋气团的影响方式与程度,为评价沿海城市空气环境质量提供科学依据。以青岛市为例,收集大气气溶胶样品中放射性核素~(210)Pb、40K数据及采集时段当地大气颗粒物数据;分析~(210)Pb活度浓度与气溶胶颗粒物浓度变化;对当地当时大气气团进行溯源分析。研究表明:(1)研究期间青岛沿岸地区2015年4月至2016年6月与2016年6月至2017年6月大气污染特征显著不同,前者~(210)Pb活度浓度与污染颗粒物浓度显著相关,而后者~(210)Pb活度浓度与污染颗粒物无相关关系;(2)穿越海洋的陆地气团呈现出高活度浓度、低颗粒物浓度的特征;来自海洋气团的气溶胶呈现出低活度浓度、低颗粒物浓度的特征;(3)海洋气团气溶胶中~(210)Pb活度浓度较低。临近大陆的海洋(黄海、东海)上层大气受到大陆气团的影响,其海洋气团的特征有所减弱。~(210)Pb活度浓度、颗粒物浓度(PM2.5)可作为判断海洋气团的指标,识别"来自海洋的气团"与"经过海洋的气团"。  相似文献   

18.
Particulate trace metals (PTM), organic carbon (POC), and organic nitrogen (PON) were measured in a series of surface bucket samples collected between the New England coast of the United States and Bermuda. PTM concentrations were lower or equivalent to the lowest PTM concentrations reported in the literature. Examination of the relative variations in PTM with respect to particulate aluminum and carbon led to the conclusion that organic matter was the probable regulator of PTM abundance in open-ocean surface waters and was important in this respect for continental shelf and slope waters as well.Enrichment factors of trace metals relative to their crustal abundances were found to be similar in the atmosphere sampled in Bermuda and in Sargasso Sea surface water particulate matter. A simplistic vertical flux model was constructed which showed atmospheric input of trace metals to the Sargasso Sea to be of the same approximate magnitude as the rate of removal of PTM from the mixed layer by sinking in association with POC. Essentially all of the particulate Al, Fe, and Mn in the Sargasso Sea mixed layer was attributed to aeolian sources. The fate of other atmospherically derived trace metals in the Sargasso Sea mixed layer was suggested to be a function of their solubility in seawater.  相似文献   

19.
北黄海大气颗粒态营养元素的季节分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
2006年7月～2007年10月对北黄海海域大气气溶胶及其负载的营养元素在春、夏、秋、冬4个季节的浓度分布进行了调查.结果显示,大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、大气颗粒态总碳、钠、钙、镁、氮和磷都呈现出明显的季节变化,但是不同元素的季节分布规律不同.TSP、总碳和氮浓度都是春冬季较高,秋季次之,夏季最低.钠的季节变化与TSP不同,为夏季>冬季>春季>秋季,水溶性钙和镁分别呈现出春季>秋季>冬季>夏季及秋季>冬季>春季>夏季的季节变化.而水溶性磷酸盐浓度夏季最高,春季次之,秋冬季浓度很低.春、夏、秋、冬4季TSP、总碳和氮在不同采样海域的分布特征类似,即在离岸较近海域采集的样品TSP浓度较高,尤其是靠近辽东半岛和山东半岛海域.钠在不同采样海域的分布与TSP完全不同.各航次内钙、镁在不同采样海域的分布特征较复杂,呈现出与TSP和钠都不尽相同的分布特征.  相似文献   

20.
Climatological, current and particulate flux data were gathered in the Grand-Rhône canyon on the Gulf of Lions continental margin for one year (Jan. 1988–Jan 1989). Time series were analyzed to determine the influence of physical exchange processes on particulate matter at the shelf-edge, with a special emphasis on the Northern Current variability.The synoptic variability of the Northern Current was linked to meanders of 2–5 day period. Its meso-scale activity presented a seasonal signal with maximum values in early spring. Peaks of particulate fluxes in the upper traps were little affected by large river and atmospheric inputs, but rather by enhanced shelf-slope exchanges at the shelf edge due to intense cross-slope fluctuations of the Northern Current. These fluctuations caused cross-isobath flows near the bottom, which appeared to be a potential mechanism in transporting particles off the shelf. At 900 m depth, high-flux events measured by sediment traps were primarily linked to periods of higher cross-slope current oscillations. This correlation suggests that vertical motions caused by these oscillations contribute to the suspended particulate matter transport through the process of bringing higher suspended material concentrations from above to greater depths. Vertical velocity estimates were derived through temperature fluctuations combined with vertical temperature gradient and from the kinematic boundary condition. A simple diffusion model indicates that the vertical turbulent mixing of suspended particulate matter, induced by the cross-slope current oscillations, yields downward fluxes of particles comparable to those collected by sediment traps.  相似文献   

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