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潮间带水沙多层位同步测量系统应用的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用水压、光电转换原理研制成的多层位水沙同步测量系统(WCT系统)不仅可测量潮间带水位随时间的变化系列、同一层位的浊度及流速，还可以同步观测这些参数在潮间带水流剖面不同层位上的变化。野外对比试验表明，WCT系统获得的流速值与直读式流速仪的测量结果基本一致，平均相对误差为14．52％；悬沙传感器经野外现场率定获得悬沙浓度，平均相对误差为21．96％，精度比室内率定提高—倍以上。悬沙粒径是影响悬沙浓度测量精度的主要因素。此外，自然环境(如海水温盐度)的变化及仪器本身的特性也可能影响到测量结果。因此，WCT系统在潮间带的水位、流速和悬沙浓度的观测和边界层研究方面有相当潜力。 相似文献
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浅海悬沙浓度观测方法的对比研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在动力和沉积条件复杂的浅海海域获取水-体的悬沙浓度有多种方法,目前较先进的主要是声学和光学浊度测量方法,但均需通过现场采集水样进行浊度标定;水样的分析方法主要有抽滤法和沉淀干燥法。根据2010年3—4月在厦门九龙江口获取的光学(OBS、LISST-100X)和声学(ADCP、ADP和ADV)浊度数据,以及现场同步水样,对这两种获取悬沙浓度的方法进行了比较;2011年2—3月在长江口北支获取水样,分别使用抽滤法和沉淀干燥法获取悬沙浓度数据进行比对分析。结果表明,声学和光学方法都具有较高的精度,在同一观测层位,光学与声学仪器的相对误差均较小;由于声波在水体中传播距离较远,声学方法可获得沿水深的整个剖面的信息,因而比光学仪器具有更高的空间分辨率和测量范围。对比发现,抽滤法获得的悬沙浓度数值略低于沉淀干燥法获得的结果,可能与沉淀干燥法难以洗净盐分有关。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(1)
海底浮泥层动态变化是研究海底沉积物输运及地形地貌演变的重要内容。针对浮泥层关键特征参数(悬浮泥沙浓度、上下界面),目前国际上主要采用声学和光学仪器进行观测,但不同仪器受限于观测原理,适用范围存在一定的局限性。通过潮滩试验,模拟浮泥层动态变化过程,对比不同仪器观测悬浮泥沙浓度和海床界面高程的效果。结果显示,在较低悬浮泥沙浓度(10 g/L)情况下,高密度悬沙浓度剖面仪ASM、声学多普勒流速仪ADV与声学多普勒流速剖面仪ADP均能完成悬浮泥沙浓度的观测要求,声学蚀积仪AA400与ASM均能得到准确的海床高程。在悬沙浓度较高的情况下(20 g/L),声波衰减显著,ADP相对于ASM的误差最高可达30.95%,难以准确测量水体悬沙浓度;随着悬沙浓度的升高(30 g/L),AA400无法得到连续有效的海床界面位置,ASM也超出测量量程,因此,30 g/L的悬沙浓度可作为风暴过程中高浓度浮泥层形成的标志。在现场复杂海况下开展海底浮泥层动态变化研究需要多种仪器相互配合。 相似文献
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水体悬沙浓度是水利、环境、河口海岸与海洋相关研究领域最为基础的数据需求之一。随着传感器技术的发展, 悬沙浓度连续测量技术在悬沙浓度测量领域表现出高时空分辨率、长期数据采集的成本和风险均较低的突出优点。本文综述了光学、声学、音叉谐振、压差和放射性射线衰减等原理用于悬沙浓度连续测量技术的相关研究进展, 探讨了各技术方法的优、缺点, 并提出了今后的研发重点和发展方向主要在以下几个方面: 1) 光后向散射原理是低成本、小型化和高时频测量悬沙浓度的最优技术路线, 需着力于开展量程扩增和粒径敏感度削弱研究; 2) 低不确定度悬沙浓度垂向剖面观测的实现依赖于超声后向散射原理技术路线的发展; 3) 音叉谐振原理技术路线尤为契合高含沙水流和浮泥工况下的超高量程应用场景; 4) 多技术路线传感器融合以及使用人工智能算法模型替代正向反演模型。 相似文献
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ADCP测量悬沙浓度的可行性分析与现场标定 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：18
根据现场观测数据，对ADCP测量悬浮沙浓度的进行标定实验。结果表明，在观测期间悬沙粒径变化较小的条件下，后散射强度与水样悬沙浓度之间存在较好的相关性。悬沙浓度剖面标定公式中的参数C′可用剖面实测水样浓度来确定，该参数与浓度密切相关：同一剖面不同浓度之间有一定的波动，但同一浓度不同潮时的变化很小。使用同一剖面参数C′的平均值计算出的剖面悬沙分布误差较大（29％－43％），而按不同深度段分别标定，误差可以小于20％，能够满足沉积动力学研究的需要。 相似文献
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OBS浊度标定与悬沙浓度误差分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用光学后向散射浊度计OBS-3A,在长江河口南槽进行大小潮周期连续观测。利用OBS室内和现场浊度标定,计算不同潮时OBS观测悬沙浓度相对误差,并对影响其观测精度因素进行分析。主要结果有:(1)现场OBS标定R值比室内标定偏低,但也在0.8以上;(2)大潮平均相对误差值变化比小潮大,在悬沙浓度低于1.5kg/m3条件下,大小潮悬沙浓度平均相对误差都在15%以下;(3)悬沙粒径大小是影响OBS观测精度的主要因素,生物、泥沙颜色、水色和水中气泡等因素也对观测结果产生一定影响。 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
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This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
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Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献
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Andrzej Chybicki 《Marine Geodesy》2018,41(1):1-23
Current trends of development of satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) models rely on applying calibration techniques including analytical approaches, neuro-fuzzy systems, regression optimization and others. In most of the cases, the SDB models are calibrated and verified for test sites, that provide favorable conditions for the remote derivation of bathymetry such as high water clarity, homogenous bottom type, low amount of sediment in the water and other factors. In this paper, a novel 3-dimensional geographical weighted regression (3GWR) SDB technique is presented, it binds together methods already presented in other studies, the geographically weighted local regression (GWR) model, with depth dependent inverse optimization. The proposed SDB model was calibrated and verified on a relatively difficult test site of the South Baltic near-shore areas with the use of multispectral observations acquired by a recently launched Sentinel-2 satellite observation system. By conducted experiments, it was shown that the proposed SDB model is capable of obtaining satisfactory results of RMSE ranging from 0.88 to 1.23[m] depending on the observation and can derive bathymetry for depths up to 12m. It was also shown, that the proposed approach may be used operationally, for instance, in the continuous assessment of temporal bathymetry changes, for areas important in the context of ensuring local maritime safety. 相似文献
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N. H. Khadge 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):251-258
As a part of the environmental impact assessment studies, geotechnical properties of sediments were determined in the Central Indian Basin. The undrained shear strength and index properties of the siliceous sediments were determined on 20 box cores of uniform dimension collected from various locations in five preselected sites. The maximum core length encountered was 41 cm and most of the sediments were siliceous oozes consisting of radiolarian or diatomaceous tests. The shear strength measurements revealed that surface sediments deposited in recent times (0-10 cm) have a shear strength of 0-1 kPa; this value increases with depth, reaching 10 kPa at 40 cm deep. Older sediments have greater strength because of compaction. Water content varies in the wide range of 312-577% and decreases with depth. The clay minerals such as smectite and illite are dominant and show some control over water content. Wet density, specific gravity, and porosity do not indicate any notable variation with depth, thereby indicating a uniform, slow rate of sedimentation. The average porosity of sediments is 90.2%, specific gravity 2.18, and wet bulk density 1.12 g/cm 3 . Sediments exhibit medium to high plasticity characteristics, with the average plasticity index varying between 105% and 136%. Preliminary studies on postdisturbance samples showed an increase in natural water content and a decrease in undrained shear strength of sediments in the top 10- to 15-cm layer. 相似文献
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J. N. Pattan Ch. M. Rao A. A. Migdisov S. Colley N. C. Higgs L. Demidenko 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):155-165
The rare earth element (REE) distribution in nine deep-sea ferromanganese nodules and their associated siliceous sediments from the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) have been studied to elucidate the REE relationship among them. Total REE concentration varies from 398-928 ppm in the nodules and 137-235 ppm in the associated sediments, suggesting two- to four-fold enrichment in the nodules compared to associated sediments. REE of nodules and their associated sediments show a positive correlation, suggesting REE are supplied from a common source such as seawater. The positive correlation between REE of nodules and sediments from the CIOB is contrary to the competitive scavenging of REE between nodules and sediment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. REEs in the nodules are carried by Fe, P, and Ti, whereas in the sediment they are carried by P and Mn phases. A similar REE fractionation pattern with middle REE enrichment over heavy and light REE in both the nodules and their associated sediment suggest fractionation is independent of REE abundance and their carrier phases. 相似文献
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Lori E. Fenstermacher Gregory B. Crawford Jeffry C. Borgeld Tristan Britt Douglas A. George Meredith A. Klein Neal W. Driscoll Larry A. Mayer 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(2):135-145
Detailed acoustic surveys of benthic sediments were conducted in July 1995 and September 1998 in the vicinity of Humboldt Bay, California. During these surveys, a band of enhanced acoustic backscatter was observed offshore from the bay entrance, approximately parallel to the isobaths, in water depths ranging from 16-24 m. In order to assess the cause of the increase in backscatter levels, a more comprehensive study was conducted in August and September 1999 using 100 kHz side-scan sonar, bottom grab sampling and underwater video recording. New observations indicated that a dense population of sand dollars ( Dendraster excentricus ) coincided with the enhanced backscatter band. Compared to the two previous acoustic studies, the central section of the band expanded westward by 180 m and the southern section of the band shifted eastward by 160 m, possibly resulting from a change in the biological or physical factors which influence the location and breadth of sand dollars. The relationship between high sand dollar abundance and enhanced acoustic backscatter was further verified in the nearshore region off Samoa Beach California, where a dense, banded population of sand dollars was previously observed. Video footage confirmed the presence of a band of sand dollars, also nominally parallel to the isobaths, in water depths of 8-15 m. A band of enhanced backscatter coincided with the dense sand dollar population. The identification of dense aggregations of sand dollars through enhanced acoustic backscatter could lead to the use of acoustic techniques to study sand dollar distributions and abundance. 相似文献
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Vast reserves of marine minerals are known to occur within the Mexican Exclusive Economic Zone. These reserves include: (1) heavy mineral placers rich in titanium and iron along the coast of San Antonio del Mar, Baja California and the southern States of Oaxaca and Guerrero; (2) phosphorites, which represent the only source for superphosphate fertilizers along the Pacific coast off the Baja California peninsula and the Gulf of Tehuantepec; and (3) manganese oxide deposits in nodule and crusts located adjacent to the Clarion-Clipperton Zone and containing high concentrations of Cu + Ni + Co (up to 1.9%), which are essential for the steel and super-alloy industries. Few but important efforts toward surveying these deposits have been carried out by Mexican and international researchers. Relevant data generated by these investigations are reviewed here and put together in a single document. Adequate knowledge of Mexican mineral resources is essential for the development of management strategies when offshore mining starts during this century. Thus, the review discusses the economics inherent to ocean mining in Mexico, setting baselines for future exploration and development activities in the Mexican Exclusive Economic Zone. 相似文献