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1.
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶同工酶电泳技术对韩国釜山、山东荣成、浙江奉化和乐清、福建福鼎、广东汕头和湛江7个地理群体的泥蚶进行同工酶分析,结果发现在所检测的MDH、ADH、ATPase、LDH、POD、IDH、SOD、SDH、ME、SCD和EST等11种同工酶中,除ATPase外其他10种在各地理群体之间存在着或大或小的差异,特别是汕头和湛江两地理群体与其他5个地理群体之间的这种差异尤其显著,两组间的平均酶距达0.4209,而汕头和湛江群体间的差异较小,两者酶距为0.0909;釜山、荣成、奉化、乐清、福鼎5个群体间的平均酶距也只有0.0191。这说明上述7个地理群体泥蚶已明显分化为两大类群,汕头和湛江群体为一类群,其他5个群体为一类群,两大类群的分界线在东海和南海的分界处。还对不同泥蚶群体间的同工酶分子标记的建立、不同群体间的遗传变异水平及泥蚶群体间分化的可能机制等问题进行了探讨,以期为泥蚶资源的进一步开发和利用提供科学资料。  相似文献   

2.
采用不连续垂直聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus)19个发育阶段的ADH、LDH、EST、IDH、ALP、MDH、GDH、POD、ATPase和ME等10种同工酶的基因表达进行检测分析。结果表明,泥蚶在个体发育过程中随着机体分化和生理活动的改变,同工酶基因的表达呈现出显著的时序变化。在10种酶中,LDH和ATPase两种酶的所有酶带及EST、MDH和ME等的部分酶带在各个发育阶段持续表达,其他酶带只出现在发育阶段的某一或某些阶段,并且表现出了与泥蚶营养方式、代谢形式等生理活动的关联性。在泥蚶的个体发育阶段过程中,IDH、MDH、GDH、ME、ALP等5种酶在32细胞期表达的酶带数剧增,因此32细胞期可能是合子基因表达启动的时间;ADH、EST、LDH、MDH、GDH、ME等6种酶在泥蚶的附着变态期酶带大幅减少或产生新酶带,可能与泥蚶附着期运动方式、代谢强度及生活环境的改变有关。  相似文献   

3.
凡纳对虾个体发育早期的同工酶研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳技术,对凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)个体发育早期6个时期的11种同工酶系统(EST、ALP、ACP、GDH、MDH、LDH、AAT、ME、LAP、ADH、AMY)进行研究。结果表明,凡纳对虾在幼体发育阶段已基本具备分解代谢蛋白质、脂类、碳水化合物的酶系。在早期发育过程中,EST同工酶系最为复杂,显示5-15条谱带,至少由6个位点编码;整个发育早期阶段GDH表达很弱,未见R-AMY及Q_AMY的表达;ALP、GDH、AMY及EST在无节幼体期表达很弱或未见表达;ACP、MDH、ME、ADH及AMY酶谱从糠虾幼体第Ⅲ期开始谱带数明显增加;除LAP、AAT酶谱简单且各期变化差异不大外,其它9种同工酶均随发育进程表现出明显差异。  相似文献   

4.
不同种群泥蚶肉营养成分的比较研究   总被引:25,自引:1,他引:24  
本文对广西北海、浙江乐清湾和山东乳山湾的3个野生种群和2个养殖种群泥蚶肉的营养成分进行了比较研究,结果表明:同一地区野生种群干物质中中的可溶性糖、脂肪和灰分含量高于养殖种群,蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸。不同野生种群水分含量和干物质中的蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、不饱和脂肪、高度不饱和脂肪酸、氨基酸总量及必需氨基酸的含量以广西野生种群最高,可溶性糖含量以乐清野生种群最高。  相似文献   

5.
几种养殖鲍同工酶生化遗传的比较研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
柯才焕  陈晓佳  周时强  王志勇  王艺磊 《台湾海峡》2003,22(2):173-179,T002
运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对我国主要养殖鲍(皱纹盘鲍、盘鲍及九孔鲍)12种同工酶(LDH、ME、MDH、GPI、PGM、IDH、IDDH、SOD、EST、ODH、ADH、AAT)26个基因座位进行了分析.结果表明:EST、PGM可以作为区分三种(亚种)鲍的生化遗传标记;在所分析的位点中,未发现多态现象,表明三种养殖鲍杂合子缺失严重,其主要原因可能在于哑基因、近交与自然选择。  相似文献   

6.
三唑磷对泥蚶急性毒性及血清SOD, CAT酶活性的影响   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
三唑磷对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)的48h LC50为21.0mg/L,96h LC50为10.2mg/L,依此设计三唑磷对泥蚶的胁迫质量浓度(1.1,2.2,4.4,22mg/L),分别于胁迫后第0.5,1,2,4,8天及解除胁迫后第4天采样,研究三唑磷胁迫后泥蚶血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化情况。结果表明,随三唑磷胁迫浓度和时间的不同,泥蚶血清蛋白质质量浓度无显著性差异;在0.5,1d时各处理组的SOD无显著影响,从第2天起,SOD活性显著下降,48h的LC50为3.62mg/L;CAT的活性在第1天显著升高,而后逐渐降低。三唑磷胁迫下,SOD,CAT活性呈现一定的剂量效应与时间效应。胁迫解除后,蛋白质、SOD和CAT均得到不同程度的恢复,表明泥蚶具有一定的生理调节机能。  相似文献   

7.
栉孔扇贝六种同工酶的生化遗传分析   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
利用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板电泳技术对中国栉孔扇贝和日本栉孔扇贝两个自然种群的6种同工酶 (MDH、ADH、G 6 PDH、IDH、GDH、ME)进行了研究 ,得到了基本酶谱 ,对其进行了生化遗传分析。共记录了 1 8个座位 2 8个等位基因并对其差异进行了比较和讨论。两种群各自具有种群内的个体差异及特征谱带 ,可将其作为栉孔扇贝亚种间差异的一种分子标记 ,并为系统分类及贝类学基础研究提供一定的参考数据。  相似文献   

8.
采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳对 4种不同类型无裂栉江珧Atrinapectinata的肾脏、后闭壳肌和鳃组织进行了酯酶 (EST)、过氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶 (MDH)、苹果酸酶 (ME) 5种同工酶的比较研究。结果表明这 4种类型的酶谱表达有差异 ,特别是肾组织的EST ,后闭壳肌的EST、SOD和鳃组织的SOD、MDH的酶谱表型差异明显 ,其特征谱带可作为区别无裂栉江珧种内差异的一种分子标记。  相似文献   

9.
缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)生化遗传特征分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
于 2 0 0 1年 4月 ,在浙江近海采集 1 0 0个缢蛏样品 ,采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板不连续电泳方法 ,对缢蛏足、水管、消化腺、外套膜、鳃等 5种组织或器官进行了EST、ADH、MDH、IDH、ME、G6PDH、LDH、ALP、GDH、CAT、ALP、ACP、SOD、SDH、ATP、SUDH、GCDH、AMY、GAD、POD等 2 0种同工酶的电泳研究 ,并对各种酶的同工酶位点及酶谱表型进行了分析。结果表明 ,所测组织中未检出CAT、ALP、GCDH、GAD ;AMY和ACP只在消化腺中有表达 ;SUDH只在水管、鳃、消化腺中表达 ;所检测的酶均不同程度地表现出了组织差异。  相似文献   

10.
泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)肉质的蛋白组学研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
采用双向电泳技术,对广东阳江和浙江乐清两地的泥蚶肌肉全蛋白进行了研究,并利用质谱和软件对差异蛋白进行了分析.研究结果表明,阳江和乐清两地样品平均检测到的蛋白点数分别为674±25和746±34个,平均匹配率为78.6%.差异表达蛋白质点数为26个,其中3个点仅在阳江泥蚶中表达,5个点仅在乐清泥蚶中表达;6个点在阳江泥蚶中为高表达,12个点在阳江泥蚶中为低表达.选择其中6个具有代表性的蛋白点进行肽指纹图谱分析.结果显示,乐清泥蚶中高表达的4个蛋白确定为肌动蛋白、PRKA激酶锚定蛋白9、烯醇化酶.这些物质与泥蚶的肉质特性有一定关联.乐清地区出产的泥蚶在营养、肉质和鲜美度方面均优于阳江地区的泥蚶.  相似文献   

11.
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.  相似文献   

12.
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.  相似文献   

13.
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.  相似文献   

14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。  相似文献   

15.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.  相似文献   

16.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,  相似文献   

17.
18.
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

19.
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.  相似文献   

20.
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