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1.
不同人工鱼礁模型对花尾胡椒鲷的诱集效应   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
为了解不同类型人工鱼礁的集鱼效果, 在试验水槽内观察5种鱼礁模型对花尾胡椒鲷Plectorhynchus cinctus的诱集效果.结果表明: 在未投放礁体模型时, 试验鱼的密集区均出现在水槽的左端(A1和A6区), 出现率为61.60%, 而试验鱼在空白礁区(A3和A8区)的平均出现率低于5%;在A3和A8区中间放入鱼礁模型后, 鱼礁区(即A3和A8区)试验鱼的出现率分别上升至32.53%(B礁)、37.60%(C礁)、20.93%(D礁)、28.13%(E礁)、29.20%(F礁), 而原密集区A1和A6试验鱼的平均出现率分别下降至29.47%(B礁)、23.47%(C礁)、33.60%(D礁)、25.73%(E礁)、42.93%(F礁).统计数据显示, 5种礁体模型放入后, 礁区内试验鱼的平均出现率与投放前相比均大幅度提高, 说明5种模型礁对试验鱼均有较强的诱集效果, 其中有效空间较大, 遮盖效果较好的C礁的诱集效果最好.  相似文献   

2.
参考相关资料对比水泥类、油井类、舰船类及其他类型人工鱼礁对海洋生物诱集效果,探讨不同材料人工鱼礁在诱集效果上的差异.结果表明,人工鱼礁区生物诱集效果高出天然礁区(对照区)的比率达68.75%.不同材料类型人工鱼礁的生物诱集效果存在差异:水泥类人工鱼礁生物诱集效果高于天然礁区的比率为71.43%;油井类人工鱼礁生物诱集效果高于天然礁区的比率为50.00%;舰船类人工鱼礁生物诱集效果高于天然礁区的比率为100.00%;其他类人工鱼礁生物诱集效果高于天然礁区的比率为80.00%.研究资料分析表明人工鱼礁的建设,需要更多地结合海洋物理、海洋化学、海洋生物等方面的知识,以提高人工鱼礁对海洋生物的增殖效果,促进其生态效益、经济效益和社会效益共同提高.  相似文献   

3.
不同形状和材料的鱼礁模型对短蛸诱集效果的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用鱼类行为学方法,观测了短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)对同为PVC材质的3种形状的有孔和无孔模型礁以及对同为管状的3种不同材料的单体和叠加模型礁的行为反应,并对各组内模型礁的诱集效果进行了比较.实验结果表明:未投放模型礁条件下短蛸在水槽四角分布率较高,在鱼礁标志区分布率只有0.5%;PVC材质3种形状的模型礁放入后对短蛸的聚集率均在10%以上,其中内部空间最大的正方体模型礁聚集率最大,每种形状的模型礁中有孔模型礁聚集率高于无孔;3种不同材料的管状模型礁放入后诱集效果均较明显,其中陶瓷材质的管状模型礁效果最好,每种材料的模型礁中3单体叠加后的组合礁聚集率明显高于单体,其中叠加后的陶瓷模型礁对短蛸的聚集率达到39.3%;研究发现短蛸的领域行为对鱼礁模型的诱集效果影响较大.  相似文献   

4.
几种鱼礁模型对真鲷诱集效果的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
田方  唐衍力  唐曼  张萍萍 《海洋科学》2012,36(11):85-89
观察了真鲷(Pagrosomus major)对4种不同结构模型礁的行为反应,并对不同结构模型礁的诱集效果进行了比较,进而选择诱集效果最好的1种模型礁,研究该模型礁在不同光强下诱集效果的差异.实验结果表明:未投放礁时,真鲷在水槽中的分布无选择性,呈随机分布;而投礁后各种模型礁均能对真鲷产生诱集效果,真鲷在鱼礁标志区的分布率从6%提高到17.89%~21.50%,其中以表面积大且无孔的 D型模型礁的诱集效果最好;双模型礁投放后对真鲷的聚集率均在20%以上,其中表面积大且有孔的2个模型礁聚集率最大;随光强增强,真鲷的聚集率不断下降,研究发现这可能与真鲷的领域行为有很大关系.  相似文献   

5.
4种笛鲷AFLP引物筛选及其遗传多样性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以湛江近海的勒氏笛鲷Lutjanus russellii、紫红笛鲷L. argentimaculatus、红鳍笛鲷L. erythropterus、千年笛鲷L. sebae为研究对象,采用EcoR /ⅠMselⅠ双酶切组合,对4种笛鲷进行扩增片段长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymorphism, AFLP)标记的开发和筛选,并对其进行遗传多样性分析.从50对引物中筛选适合4种笛鲷的AFLP引物,其中勒氏笛鲷筛选出24对,获得位点1431个,多态位点比例为22.85%;紫红笛鲷筛选出20对,获得位点1370个,多态位点比例为17.08%;红鳍笛鲷筛选出22对,获得位点1403个,多态位点比例为17.18%;千年笛鲷筛选出22对,获得位点1349个,多态位点比例为12.90%.Nei氏遗传距离法计算每种笛鲷30个个体之间的平均遗传距离,勒氏笛鲷为0.1035,紫红笛鲷为0.0719,红鳍笛鲷为0.0805,千年笛鲷为0.0572.选取2对引物对4种笛鲷群体间遗传多样性进行分析,获得总位点140个,多态位点104个.4种笛鲷种群间遗传距离分布在0.3773—0.6650,明显高于各笛鲷种群内遗传距离,其中紫红笛鲷和千年笛鲷的遗传距离最远,为0.6650,勒氏笛鲷和红鳍笛鲷的遗传距离最近,为0.3773.  相似文献   

6.
阴影效应是影响人工鱼礁诱集效果的主要因素之一,为研究许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)对人工鱼礁不同阴影情况的行为响应,采用室内模拟实验方法,在实验水槽顶部固定光源,共设计3组实验:A组实验探究不同阴影面积的鱼礁模型对实验鱼的诱集效果;B组实验探究不放置鱼礁模型、悬挂不同开孔率顶板对实验鱼的诱集效果;C组实验探究阴影面积相同但开孔数量不同的鱼礁模型对实验鱼的诱集效果;对照组实验水槽中不放置鱼礁模型、不悬挂顶板。观察并记录许氏平鲉幼鱼(体长(5.06±0.09)cm,体质量(3.22±0.16)g)在水槽中的行为与分布特征。研究表明:3个实验组中许氏平鲉在鱼礁放置区域的出现率均显著高于对照组和其他区域;A组实验中,许氏平鲉在鱼礁放置区的平均出现率随着鱼礁阴影面积的增大而上升;B组实验中,许氏平鲉在顶板放置区的平均出现率显著高于对照组,但不同水平组之间差异不显著;C组实验中,开孔数为1时许氏平鲉在鱼礁放置区的平均出现率与开孔数为9时相近且高于开孔数为4和6时。研究结果表明,阴影面积越大的人工鱼礁对许氏平鲉的诱集效果越好,阴影面积相同时开孔数较多的人工鱼礁能够在提供良好庇护所...  相似文献   

7.
鱼礁模型对赤点石斑鱼的诱集效果   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
何大仁  丁云 《台湾海峡》1995,14(4):394-398
本文在实验室中水池中观察了赤点石斑鱼在三种不同口径鱼礁模型存在下的行为,结果表明;鱼礁对这种鱼有明显诱集效果,随着模型口径的增大,鱼在礁体放置区分布百分率有增大趋势,而鱼个体平均距离、群体总重心与礁体平均距离和鱼与礁的距离均有减小趋势。可见,口径大小的鱼礁模型有较好的聚鱼效果。  相似文献   

8.
布设间距对人工鱼礁流场效应影响的数值模拟   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
人工鱼礁在海中不同的布局方式会产生不同的流场效应.通过水槽与风洞模型实验很难对组合鱼礁流场全局进行观测,为此提出1种基于CFD原理的人工鱼礁流场特性的计算机数值模拟方法,模拟了不同流速条件下布设间距对方形组合礁体流场效应的影响.结果表明:数值模拟较好地反映了人工鱼礁周围上升流和背涡流的分布情况;当两礁体布设间距为1.5倍礁体尺寸时,所产生的上升流高度达到最大值;当布设间距为1倍/时,其上升流的影响面积为最大;当布设间距为1.5倍时所产生的背涡流效果最好;两礁体之间的最佳布设间距应为礁体尺寸的1~1.5倍.数值模拟结果与风洞实验结果基本相符,该结论可为人工鱼礁实际投放提供理论参考.  相似文献   

9.
紫红笛鲷遗传多样性的AFLP分析   总被引:22,自引:1,他引:21  
针对广东、海南省4个不同地方(阳江、湛江、榆林、琼海)网箱养殖的紫红笛鲷(Lutjanus argentimaculatus)群体和在三亚采集的野生紫红笛鲷群体,利用AFLP分子标记技术分析我国南方养殖的紫红笛鲷的遗传多态性。最适合的AFLP引物组合是E AGC/M CAA,扩增出的AFLP特征位点为107,养殖样品扩增出的AFLP的带数在5474之间,野生样品扩增出的AFLP的带数为63,4个养殖点紫红笛鲷的多态性标记百分率都超过了40.00%,呈现一定程度的遗传多样性。总的来讲,4个养殖地的紫红笛鲷群体之间的遗传距离差异较小,但与野生群体的遗传距离相对较大,UPGMA聚类分析明显将养殖群体与野生群体分开,表明紫红笛鲷养殖群体已经与野生群体存在一定程度的遗传隔阂。  相似文献   

10.
用RFLP(限制性片段长度多态性,Restriction fragment length polymorphism)技术研究了红鳍笛鲷Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch、紫红笛鲷Lutjanus argentimaculatus Forskal、勒氏笛鲷Lutja-nus russelli Bleeker和约氏笛鲷Lutjanus johni Bloch的遗传多样性关系,检测到4种笛鲷的分子标记。通过差速离心、核酸酶消化、苯酚抽提,从4种笛鲷肝脏组织中分离纯化线粒体DNA(mtDNA),用19种5到6碱基对的限制性内切酶进行单酶、双酶和部分酶切,琼脂糖凝胶电泳,进行了RFLP分析,构建了4种笛鲷mtDNA的物理图谱。红鳍笛鲷、紫红笛鲷、勒氏笛鲷和约氏笛鲷的mtDNA大小分别为17.36±0.09kb、17.58±0.08kb、17.50±0.18kb和17.56±0.12kb。红鳍笛鲷和紫红笛鲷种群间平均mtDNA多态度π为0.106 2,红鳍笛鲷和勒氏笛鲷群体间平均mtDNA多态度π为0.130 5,红鳍笛鲷和约氏笛鲷群体间平均mtDNA多态度π为0.151 5,紫红笛鲷和勒氏笛鲷群体间平均mtD-NA多态度π为0.130 3,紫红笛鲷和约氏笛鲷群体间平均mtDNA多态度π为0.119 5,勒氏笛鲷和约氏笛鲷群体间平均mtDNA多态度π为0.139 4。红鳍笛鲷和紫红笛鲷种群间净遗传距离Pnet为0.102 0,红鳍笛鲷和勒氏笛鲷群体间净遗传距离Pnet为0.128 5,红鳍笛鲷和约氏笛鲷群体间净遗传距离Pnet为0.149 1,紫红笛鲷和勒氏笛鲷群体间净遗传距离Pnet为0.127 0,紫红笛鲷和约氏笛鲷群体间净遗传距离Pnet为0.115 7,勒氏笛鲷和约氏笛鲷群体间净遗传距离Pnet为0.137 8。  相似文献   

11.
The use of artificial reefs in the Arabian Gulf have a history extending back over a century, when date palm trunks, stones, pottery and other materials were sunk in coastal areas to enhance fish catch. Historically, such artificial reefs formed an important component of the socio-economic development of coastal fisheries. In comparison, modern artificial reefs have taken on a variety of forms. The most widely recognized are purpose-build modular artificial reefs designed for the enhancement of fisheries yield, diving, and various other benefits. However, far more common within the Gulf are the large-scale unplanned artificial reefs that have been formed as a result of human activities in the marine system, such as large-scale coastal breakwaters, seawalls, jetties, pipelines, and oil and gas infrastructure. Although there is limited information on the role of these constructions in structuring Gulf marine communities, increasing evidence suggests that abundant and diverse communities of reef fish, coral and other benthos can develop on these structures, with important ecological implications in urbanized coastal areas in the Gulf. However, due to a variety of unintended consequences of artificial reef development such structures may also pose challenges to coastal marine management. We review the current published literature on artificial reefs in the Gulf in order to improve our understanding of the role that these structures play in Gulf coastal ecosystems, and to further develop regional management of artificial reefs. We explore the various types of artificial reef that exist in the Gulf and examine the benefits and challenges that these structures represent for coastal ecology and economics. Such information is essential for our improved understanding and management of these increasingly important ecosystems in the Gulf.  相似文献   

12.
海洋油气平台在达到作业寿命后必须进行废弃处置,将海上退役平台改作人工鱼礁投放,对优化渔业资源、促进海洋经济持续发展具有重要意义。基于平台拆卸结构,共制作了箱状、管状、柱状、网状4种典型鱼礁实物模型,通过室内模拟试验和数值模拟研究,分析了不同鱼礁类型单体的稳定性和流场效应。结果表明:开口率0.1至0.8的箱状礁的稳定性均能满足要求,但开口率高于0.6的箱状礁难以形成连续的背涡流区域,设计时应使开口率低于0.6;管状礁应选择堆叠放置方式投放,且堆叠层数与稳定性和流场造成能力均呈正相关,在设计时尽量提高管状礁的堆叠层数;柱状礁设计时应尽量降低其重心,并减小迎流投影面的中空面积投放;基于平台的钻井架、火炬臂、栈桥设计的3种网状礁,均满足礁体稳定条件,且均能形成大范围的背涡流区域,可作为人工鱼礁投放。研究成果为平台造礁礁体结构设计提供了理论依据与实践基础,对海上退役平台的废弃处置具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

13.
中山人工鱼礁区渔获物调查   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
使用刺网、手抛网和虾笼等渔具,分别于丰水期和枯水期对中山人工鱼礁区进行渔获物调查。丰水期调查表明,所选规划礁区位置是合理的,已试验1a的试验浮礁集鱼和保护幼鱼幼虾的效果明显;枯水期调查表明,首期礁区集鱼和保护幼鱼幼虾的效果更明显;首期礁区已成为良好的索饵场和隐蔽场所,成为附近海域渔业资源的摇篮和种苗库。大面积的人工鱼礁已取得明显的保护渔业资源和海洋生态的效果。  相似文献   

14.
On the Problems of Epibioses, Fouling and Artificial Reefs, a Review   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
Abstract. Artificial reefs in marine environments are in most cases submerged structures consisting of dumped waste material or specific constructions made with the purpose of enriching the local fish populations and other marine life to the benefit of recreational and commercial fisheries. Such structures are susceptible to fouling and will successively develop assemblages, which may or may not resemble epibioses on natural substrata. Studies of artificial reefs have focused predominantly on fish assemblages and have largely disregarded the development of sessile biota and their structural and functional relationships. In addition, most studies are from tropical or subtropical environments. To manage and understand artificial reefs, a whole-ecosystem approach is necessary, incorporating studies of all aspects of hard substratum ecology including both structural and functional variables. This review is an attempt to evaluate the present knowledge of ecological aspects of artificial reefs, emphasising the role of sessile hard substratum biota.  相似文献   

15.
大亚湾紫红笛鲷野生群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
紫红笛鲷野生群体样品取自广东大亚湾海区,取背部肌肉,提取DNA,用RAPD技术检测遗传多样性。40个随机引物当中,有11个引物得到了条带清晰、位点较多且重复性好的电泳图谱。11个引物共得到76个条带,其中48个多态位点,多态位点比例为63.16%。平均遗传距离为0.2144。遗传多样性指数为0.1876。结果显示,大亚湾海区的紫红笛鲷具有较丰富的遗传多样性,工程建设以及人为捕捞等对紫红笛鲷的遗传结构影响不明显。在该海区进行紫红笛鲷的养殖,可以选择野生紫红笛鲷作为亲本培育种苗,但应该注意合理的保护,防止遗传多样性的丧失。  相似文献   

16.
国外人工鱼礁研究动向及对我国的启示   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
建设人工鱼礁是打造海洋牧场的重要手段之一。文章对1987—2017年的国内外人工鱼礁相关文章进行了梳理,以发表文章数量来划分层次,美国等5个国家为"第一梯队",而中国等8个国家处于"第二梯队";2001年之后,中国发表文章的增长率居25个国家首位。国外人工鱼礁的研究主题主要包括鱼礁构建材料、本底调查、设计和布局、环境生态功能、渔业生产和鱼类行为等8个方面。通过总结国外人工鱼礁研究动向的特点,提出科学规划人工鱼礁区、完善资金配套扶持政策、构建人工鱼礁标准体系等3条建议,从而为我国人工鱼礁建设、渔业资源养护、生态环境保护提供参考依据。  相似文献   

17.
Effective conservation requires knowledge of the effects of habitat on distribution and abundance of organisms. Although the structure of coral reef fish assemblages is strongly correlated with attributes of reef structure, data relating reef types to fish assemblages are scarce. In this study we describe the influence of gross habitat characteristics and seasonality on coral reef fish assemblages of fringing and patch reefs in Kenya. Results showed that total fish abundance was not significantly different between the reefs; however, the fringing reef had higher species diversity during both the northeast (42 spp.) and southeast (36 spp.) monsoon seasons when compared to the patch reef. The more fished species (e.g. Siganus sutor and Lethrinus mahsena) were more abundant on the patch reef in both seasons. Statistical analysis indicated common species between the reefs were more abundant on the fringing reef. Seasons affected abundance of the more vagile species (S. sutor), whereas the reef‐attached sky emperor, L. mahsena was affected more by reef type than by seasons. No significant interaction effects of habitat and seasons were found, indicating independence of habitat and environmental variability in affecting fish assemblages on the reefs. Smaller sized fish dominated the fringing reef more than the patch reef, whereas the skewness index (Sk) indicated a normal‐sized frequency distribution on the patch reef. Trophic structure of the fishes varied more within than between reefs, whereas fish assemblage structure was affected more by seasons on the fringing reef. These results suggest that conservation measures such as marine protected area (MPA) design and setting should consider effects of reef morphology and environmental variability on coral‐reef fish assemblage structure.  相似文献   

18.
Understanding the connectivity of fish among different typical habitats is important for conducting ecosystembased management, particularly when designing marine protected areas(MPA) or setting MPA networks. To clarify of connectivity among mangrove, seagrass beds, and coral reef habitats in Wenchang, Hainan Province,China, the fish community structure was studied in wet and dry seasons of 2018. Gill nets were placed across the three habitat types, and the number of species, individuals, and body size of individual fish were recorded. In total, 3 815 individuals belonging to 154 species of 57 families were collected. The highest number of individuals and species was documented in mangroves(117 species, 2 623 individuals), followed by coral reefs(61 species,438 individuals) and seagrass beds(46 species, 754 individuals). The similarity tests revealed highly significant differences among the three habitats. Approximately 23.4% species used two habitats and 11.0% species used three habitats. A significant difference(p0.05) in habitat use among eight species(Mugil cephalus, Gerres oblongus, Siganus fuscescens, Terapon jarbua, Sillago maculata, Upeneus tragula, Lutjanus russellii, and Monacanthus chinensis) was detected, with a clear ontogenetic shift in habitat use from mangrove or seagrass beds to coral reefs. The similarity indices suggested that fish assemblages can be divided into three large groups namely coral, seagrass, and mangrove habitat types. This study demonstrated that connectivity exists between mangrove–seagrass–coral reef continuum in Wenchang area; therefore, we recommend that fish connectivity should be considered when designing MPAs or MPA network where possible.  相似文献   

19.
刘静  肖永双 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(2):498-507
印太交汇区不仅是热带物理海洋海气能量汇聚中心、地质板块活跃中心以及生物多样性中心,而且也是用于开展地球系统物质能量交换与全球气候变化以及海洋生物多样性起源研究的理想靶区,因此一直受到世界科学家们的广泛关注。作为全球34个生物多样性热点区域之一,印太交汇区的珊瑚礁三角区孕育了全球76%的造礁珊瑚、75%的红树林、50%的珊瑚礁鱼类和45%的海草物种数。鱼类是珊瑚礁生态系统中最重要的组成部分之一,在整个印度-太平洋海域中珊瑚礁群落的组成和维持中起到重要作用。过去,生物学家们围绕热带珊瑚礁鱼类多样性格局与演化做了大量工作,提出了许多生物地理学假说模型,如中心物种形成模型、汇聚中心模型、重叠中心模型和华莱氏线假说等,这些假说在一些珊瑚礁鱼类类群得到验证。但是,相对于印太交汇区的热带珊瑚礁鱼类多样性研究,深海的鱼类区系和生物多样性研究起步较晚,仍缺乏时间序列的观测数据和系统研究。目前对于印太交汇区深海与浅海生物多样性中心形成演化机制以及深浅海生物之间的源汇关系认知方面仍存在分歧。本文梳理了过去国内外学者在印太交汇区鱼类多样性方面的研究工作,综述了该地区浅海热带珊瑚礁和深海鱼类多样性格局演化研究最新进展,提出在深海极端环境和生命过程研究对策,以期为探讨印太交汇区海洋生物多样性中心形成演化过程及证实/证伪各种生物地理学假说提出科学论据,并为战略生物资源开发利用提供新视角。  相似文献   

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