共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)对取自太平洋表层的深海沉积物中的黏土组分实施改性,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)及傅立叶红外变换光谱仪(FTIR)对其进行表征。实验结果表明,CTMAB可以随机进入深海蒙皂石矿物的层间并使其层间距增大。随着负载量的增加,有机阳离子在矿物层间趋于定向排列。有机深海蒙皂石的层状硅酸盐晶体结构没有改变,但在HRTEM下呈现出更加明显的剥离和破碎趋势,矿物的活性中心增多。FTIR提供了有机阳离子进入蒙皂石层间的直接证据,矿物表面的疏水性因有机分子的介入而得以改善。实验条件下,有机阳离子可能以较小角度(43°)进入蒙皂石矿物层间。有机深海蒙皂石的层间域微环境值得进一步关注,以更好地理解深海黏土的环境矿物学属性。 相似文献
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联合使用扫描电镜（SEM）和能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDX）的技术手段,对2012年春季采集的南黄海中部泥质区的悬浮体样品进行悬浮体颗粒结构和组成的系统观察,揭示研究区悬浮体类型、特征及空间分布,并首次发现了高温燃烧颗粒。结果表明：研究区悬浮体颗粒类型多样,包括碎屑矿物、自生矿物、生物碎屑、高温燃烧颗粒等单颗粒类型,其中高温燃烧颗粒以硅质或者铁质规则球状颗粒出现;同时发现了有机包膜体、矿物质絮团、矿物-生物碎屑絮团、矿物-有机包膜絮团以及矿物-生物碎屑-有机包膜复合絮团等絮团类型颗粒。实测结果表明,悬浮体颗粒粒径范围为0～500μm,主体集中在0～20μm,平均粒径为7.84μm,不同类型悬浮体粒径差别显著,其级配符合对数正态分布。该区悬浮体颗粒在水体中以递变悬浮方式搬运,能较长时间保留在水体之中。 相似文献
3.
为揭示晚更新世以来西太平洋暖池黏土矿物输入变化的控制因素,对采自西菲律宾海本哈姆隆起上的Ph05-5孔沉积物中的黏土矿物组成、来源和堆积速率进行了分析。结果表明,220 ka以来,该孔沉积物中的黏土矿物主要以伊利石（13%）和蒙皂石（8%）为主,其次为绿泥石（6%）和高岭石（2%）。伊利石和绿泥石主要来源于亚洲大陆,蒙皂石主要源于菲律宾海周围岛屿的火山物质在海底遭受海水侵蚀后形成的自生Fe-蒙皂石和西菲律宾海周围岛屿上的物质风化后形成的他生Al-蒙皂石。220 ka以来,伊利石和绿泥石的堆积速率表现出明显的冰期高-间冰期低的旋回变化,与该孔总的风尘堆积速率、亚洲风尘和北太平洋风尘堆积速率一致。冰期/间冰期太阳辐射降低/增强、亚洲内陆干旱程度加强/减弱,是导致伊利石等源于亚洲内陆的黏土矿物向菲律宾海输入增加/减少的主控因素。Ph05-5孔蒙皂石的堆积速率同样表现出明显的冰期高-间冰期低的特征,与该孔总的火山物质堆积速率一致。蒙皂石在轨道尺度的变化,主要受到海平面变化和热带类ENSO过程影响的降雨过程控制。冰期低海平面,菲律宾岛和海水的混合作用加强,使得蒙皂石的输入增加。此外,冰期在热带太... 相似文献
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2004年7月25日至8月10日在台湾浅滩及其邻近海域取得悬浮体样品,通过扫描电镜及能谱分析,探讨了台湾浅滩及其邻近海域沉降颗粒物类型及其絮凝沉积作用.结果表明:单颗粒沉降颗粒物类型有生物颗粒、矿物颗粒和其他颗粒等3种类型;沉降颗粒物絮凝体类型包括住囊类、粪球絮凝体、硅藻絮凝体、矿物碎屑絮凝体、有机包膜、混杂絮凝体、微型藻类絮凝体等7种.颗粒物类型受到地形、海流和陆源输入等海洋环境的影响,生物絮凝和上升流可能是导致悬浮颗粒聚集的主要原因.絮凝在悬浮体的沉积过程中起着十分重要的作用. 相似文献
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马里亚纳海槽区粘土矿物组成及分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据７个岩芯粘土矿物的研究，马里亚纳海槽晚更新世以来的沉积物中主要粘土矿物是蒙皂石，其次是少量ＦｅＭｇ绿泥石和伊利石，蒙皂石和ＦｅＭｇ绿泥石主要是海底基性火山物质蚀变形成的自生矿物，伊利石主要是来自海槽北面和西北面陆上岩石的风化产物，蒙皂石由海槽北部向南部呈增加趋势，而伊利石则呈减少趋势，此外，在距今大约４５－１０ｋｇ形成的地层中蒙皂石呈减少趋势，伊利石则呈增加趋势，上述粘土矿物组成及分布主要与物 相似文献
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对大连湾、大窑湾外近海表层沉积物进行了黏土矿物X射线衍射分析以及轻矿物的分离和鉴定,根据其组合分布特征,探讨了该区沉积物中黏土矿物和轻矿物的来源,并对沉积环境及其主控因素进行了初步分析。结果表明:研究区黏土矿物主要由伊利石(59%)、蒙皂石(20%)、绿泥石(16%)和高岭石(5%)组成,研究区西部伊利石较高,而东部绿泥石较高,蒙皂石有向湾内富集的趋势。轻矿物由斜长石(45%)、石英(34%)、钾长石(10%)、绿泥石(8%)、白云母(2%)和方解石(0.4%)组成,呈东西向条带状分布,与沉积物粒度分布特征较为一致。矿物分布受潮流、地形影响明显,研究区北部近岸水下岸坡区,水动力条件较强,沉积物粒度较粗,矿物组合以长石、石英富集为特征;向南水深增加,东部为一水下台地,矿物组合以白云母、绿泥石含量高为特征;研究区南部水深增加,又出现一水下岸坡,其下地形趋于平坦,因受出入渤海的潮流和进入渤海的黄海暖流的影响,水动力条件最强,沉积物粒度较粗,长石含量最高,轻矿物含量高。研究区潮流、地形对矿物组成、组合和含量具有控制作用。北部水下岸坡及以内近岸浅水区沉积物粒度较粗,轻矿物含量低,石英、长石含量高,物质主要来自沿岸侵蚀及... 相似文献
7.
峰高与峰面积统计量表示岩心黏土矿物相对含量的差异 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
目前黏土矿物分析主要依据XRD衍射峰的峰高或峰面积统计量,为了分析两种统计量计算黏土矿物相对含量的差异。对取自黄海的YSZD02岩心短柱开展了黏土矿物XRD测试,分别利用峰高和峰面积表示4种主要黏土矿物蒙皂石、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石的相对百分含量,探究两种统计量表示黏土矿物相对含量随深度变化的差异,结果发现两算法都能显示黏土矿物的相对组成特征,对YSZD02岩心而言,其黏土矿物主要为伊利石,其次为高岭石,再次为绿泥石,最次为蒙皂石。两种算法得到的4种矿物的相关系数由高到低依次为:高岭石0.94,绿泥石0.93,蒙皂石0.82,伊利石0.73,呈正相关。峰面积法求4种矿物的相对含量随深度变化的离散程度比峰高法大。用峰高、峰面积法表示黏土矿物相对含量随深度的变化,两种方法相对差异由小到大依次为伊利石,高岭石,绿泥石和蒙皂石。以上结果表明两种算法既有共性又有明显的差异。随着分析技术的不断更新,相较于峰高法较难解决的误差问题,未来峰面积法会得到更广泛的应用。因此研发更精确的计算机分析软件、统一研究方法将是未来发展的必然趋势。本文的研究加深了对峰高与峰面积统计量的理解,为其他分析方法的比较与选择提供了参考。 相似文献
8.
根据７个岩芯粘土矿物的研究，马里亚纳海槽晚更新世以来的沉积物中主要粘土矿物是蒙皂石，其次是少量ＦｅＭｇ绿泥石和伊利石．蒙皂石和ＦｅＭｇ绿泥石主要是海底基性火山物质蚀变形成的自生矿物，伊利石主要是来自海槽北面和西北面陆上岩石的风化产物．蒙皂石由海槽北部向南部呈增加趋势，而伊利石则呈减少趋势．此外，在距今大约４５ｋａ～１０ｋａ形成的地层中蒙皂石呈减少趋势，伊利石则呈增加趋势．上述粘土矿物组成及分布主要与物质来源、火山活动、海底浊流以及古气候变化的影响有关． 相似文献
9.
南海三沙永乐龙洞悬浮体组分及其来源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
三沙永乐龙洞位于南海北部永乐环礁上,水深达300m,是世界已知最深的海洋蓝洞。采用扫描电镜和能谱仪对2016年10月和2017年3月在永乐龙洞从表层到270m的24个不同深度采集的水体悬浮体组分进行了分析,发现悬浮体组分种类丰富,粒度差异大,来源/成因多样,可分为生源碎屑、陆源碎屑、自生矿物颗粒、有机包膜-海洋雪花和人工产物碎屑等5类。生源碎屑以碳酸盐为主,主要来自现代珊瑚礁的松散沉积物,是悬浮体的主要组分。陆源碎屑主要是造岩矿物如石英和长石,以及一些包括重矿物的副矿物,其中细小的陆源造岩矿物碎屑,有可能来自气溶胶沉降,粗粒碎屑可能来自附近琛航岛工程散落的海南岛沿岸海砂。自生矿物颗粒包括重晶石、球状微粒氧化铁集合体和纳米黄铁矿。纳米黄铁矿及其集合体出现在130m以深水体中,是含硫化氢的无氧极端水体的特定产物。有机包膜在生物降解过程中形成,有时包覆多个不同组分的颗粒,常呈片状漂浮在水体中,形成海洋雪花。人工产物碎屑包括多种金属碎屑、微塑料纤维丝和过硫化铅丝。金属碎屑可能来自船只金属部件耗损,微塑料纤维可能来自渔网残余。本文是首次有关海洋蓝洞悬浮体组分的系统报道。永乐龙洞悬浮体组分特色鲜明,对认识其生态系统和沉积记录有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
长江与黄河沉积物中粘土矿物及地化成分的组成 总被引：32，自引：6，他引：32
采用X射线衍射物相分析、ICP－AES成分分析等方法对长江与黄河沉积物中粘土矿物、地化成分组成进行了研究，结果表明：在粘土矿物组成上，长江、黄河沉积物都为伊利石＋绿泥石＋高岭石＋蒙皂石组合，但长江沉积物以伊利石含量高（约70％）、蒙皂石含量低（约5％－7％）、伊利石／蒙皂石比值大于8为特征；黄河型沉积物则以伊利石含量低（约60％）、蒙皂石含量高（约15％）、伊利石／蒙皂石比值小于6为特征。在小于0.016mm粒级内残渣态地化成分组成上，TiO2、CaO、Na2O、MgO、Fe2O3、Sr、Ba、Li、Co和V在长江、黄河两类沉积物中差别明显。黄河沉积物中碳酸盐的含量通常都为长江的2倍以上，而在小于0.005mm（7.5φ）粒级中黄河沉积物碳酸盐的含量约为长江的9倍。 相似文献
11.
Th. Leipe A. Loeffler K. -C. Emeis S. Jaehmlich R. Bahlo K. Ziervogel 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2000,51(6):789
Suspended particulate matter samples were collected from the water column, the bottom nepheloid layer and the ‘ fluffy layer ’ from four stations along a coastal-basin transect in the Pomeranian Bight, western Baltic Sea. Sampling was performed nine times between October 1996 and December 1998 for various analyses, including electron probe x-ray micro analysis for detailed mineralogical investigations.Specific vertical patterns of clay mineral distributions were found. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the bottom nepheloid layer and the ‘ fluffy layer ’ overlying sediments was enriched in organic carbon and hydrated three layer clay minerals, whereas the non-aggregated SPM was dominated by quartz and biogenic opal. It appears that separation effects operate during aggregation of mineral particles and organic matter in repeated cycles of resuspension and settling. No clear seasonal variations in the composition of the SPM were found, in spite of high spatial and temporal variability of biological and physical variables. The results suggest that preferential incorporation, possibly aided by microbiological colonization, of hydrated three layer silicates into the organic flocs is a process that occurs under a wide range of conditions. Because aggregates sink faster than individual particles, aggregate formation led to a relative enrichment of illite and smectite in the near-bottom layers. Considering the affinity of organic contaminants and heavy metals to organic matter, the selective removal of aggregated organic matter and hydrated three-layer clay minerals from the water column and enhanced transport in the near-bottom fluffy layer may be a natural cleansing mechanism operating in the shallow waters of the bight. 相似文献
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V. N. Lukashin A. P. Lisitzin O. M. Dara N. V. Kozina A. A. Klyuvitkin A. N. Novigatsky 《Oceanology》2016,56(6):852-862
Data on the mineral composition of sedimentary matter and its fluxes in the sediment system of the Caspian Sea are presented. River runoff, aerosols, particulate matter from sediment traps, and the upper layer (0–1 cm) of bottom sediments are considered. The contents of detrital minerals (quartz, albite, and K-feldspar), clay minerals (illite, chlorite, and kaolinite), and carbonates (calcite, Mg-calcite, dolomite, aragonite, and rhodochrosite) are determined. Gypsum was found in bottom sediments but is absent in the other object of the sediment system. 相似文献
15.
Investigation of lithogenic particles collected by sediment traps in open-ocean stations revealed that the sediment flux increased linearly with depth in the water column. This rate of increase decreased with distance of the station from the continent; it was largest at the Panama Basin station and almost negligible at the E. Hawaii Abyssal Plain station. At the Panama Basin station, smectite flux increased with depth. We suggest that smectite resuspended from bottom sediments of the continental slope west of the sediment-trap station is advected by easterly deep currents, and the suspended particles are then possibly entrapped by large settling particles. On the other hand, the flux of hemipelagic clay particles, kaolinite and chlorite, was nearly constant at all depths; this can be explained by incorporation of these particles in fecal pellets which then settle from the surface water. At the Demerara Abyssal Basin Station, flux of illite and chlorite particles increased with depth and the flux of smectite was constant. A sudden increase of the flux of illite and chlorite was observed near the bottom traps at the Söhm Abyssal Plain station. The flux of quartz and feldspar was 10 to 15% of the clay flux. 相似文献
16.
This paper analyses the diagenetic evolution of sandstones belonging to the Bajo Barreal Formation (Cretaceous) in the Golfo de San Jorge Basin (Patagonia, Argentina). The Bajo Barreal Formation includes the main reservoirs, which are located along the western area of the basin and is composed of sandstones, conglomerates, mudstones, tuffaceous mudstones and some layers of tuffs. The principal reservoirs comprise medium-to coarse-grained sandstones, which are dominated by feldspathic litharenites and contain minor amounts of litharenites and lithic arkoses. The authigenic minerals include kaolinite, smectite, chlorite, quartz overgrowths, microquartz and calcite, with minor proportions of megaquartz, siderite, analcime, laumontite, feldspar overgrowths and illite/smectite and chlorite/smectite mixed layers. Secondary porosity is much more important than primary porosity and is produced by the dissolution of feldspar, lithic clasts and clay cements. The diagenetic history of the Bajo Barreal sandstones can be divided into seven diagenetic stages, each of which is characterized by a specific assemblage of authigenic minerals and diagenetic processes. Eogenetic conditions occur in stages 1, 2, 3 and 4. Stage 1 corresponds to shallow burial characterized by the physical reduction of primary porosity by compaction; during stage 2, rim clay cements of chlorite, smectite and clinoptilolite, as well as thin quartz overgrowths, were formed. The precipitation of pore-filling cements of kaolinite, chlorite and smectite occurred during stage 3, while stage 4 records the intense dissolution of feldspar, lithic fragments and kaolinite cements. Mesogenesis occurs in diagenetic stages 5 and 6. The former corresponds to a new phase of authigenic kaolinite, while the latter records the significant dissolution of feldspar, lithic clasts and previous cements, which produced the highest values of secondary porosity. Finally, stage 7 corresponds to the highest degree of diagenesis in the Bajo Barreal Formation (mesogenesis), which resulted in the precipitation of cements of zeolites and calcite, as well as quartz and plagioclase overgrowths. 相似文献
17.
The downward flux of Mn through the water column was directly measured using sediment traps. The Mn flux from the bottom sediment to the water column, and the removal rate of Mn in the bottom water were estimated from Mn gradients in the bottom water. The sediment traps were deployed more than ten times at the same station in Funka Bay, Japan. The trapped settling matter and filtered suspended matter samples were analyzed for Mn, Fe, Al and ignition loss. The observed downward flux of Mn through the water column in winter (1.3–2.8 μg/cm2 /day) was generally an order of magnitude larger than that in summer (0.13–0.45 μg/cm2 /day), and the Mn fluxes for both seasons were also greater than the accumulation rate of Mn in the bottom sediments (0.10 μg/cm 2/day). More Al was contained in the trapped settling matter than in the suspended matter, while Mn showed the opposite behavior. The Fe/Mn ratio of the residual fraction (obtained by subtracting the sediment component of the settling matter) was rather well correlated with the corresponding ratio in suspended matter. Settling particles are expected to scavenge suspended matter during their passage through the water column. The flux of Mn across the sediment—water interface was estimated from its vertical profiles in the water column to be 0.1–0.3 μg/cm2 day. The residence time of Mn in bottom water was about one to several months. These results suggest that Mn is actively recycled between the water column and the sediments of the coastal sea. 相似文献
18.
渤海海峡悬浮体分布、通量及其季节变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
渤海海峡是渤黄海物质交换的重要通道,同时也是黄河入海泥沙向黄海搬运的必经路径。本文以2006—2009年渤海海峡8个站位四个季节的悬浮体、CTD数据为基础,将标准层悬浮体浓度数据与浊度数据对比获得高垂直分辨率的悬浮体浓度数据,分析其季节变化特征,并结合日均风场驱动的高精度数值模型模拟的渤海海峡流场,计算了四个季节渤海海峡悬浮体通量。结果表明,北黄海冷水团的入侵和退缩是渤海海峡温盐及其季节变化的重要特征之一,四季节流场特征均为"北进南出";渤海海峡中上层悬浮体浓度分布为海峡南部浓度高、北部浓度低,夏季海峡北部下层北黄海冷水团控制海域悬浮体浓度高于周围水体。春季、夏季、秋季、冬季悬浮体浓度依次增高。观测期间渤海海峡悬浮体的年净通量约为251.63万吨,其中输往黄海方向的悬浮体通量约占黄河年平均输沙量的4.27%。 相似文献
19.
南海粘土矿物组合特征及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用X射线衍射法(XRD)对南海12个海底表层沉积物和20个悬浮物样品中粘土矿物组成和分布特征进行了综合分析。结果表明:(1)研究区的表层沉积物粘土矿物以伊利石为主,其次为绿泥石、高岭石、伊/蒙间层矿物以及蒙皂石;悬浮物粘土矿物是以绿泥石为主,其次为高岭石、蒙皂石、伊利石以及伊/蒙间层矿物。(2)粘土矿物的组成和分布特征主要受气候条件、物质来源、水动力条件及相互间稀释作用的制约。伊利石的含量随离岸距离和水深的增加呈增大趋势;高岭石则在近岸区特别是河口区富集;绿泥石在西部沿岸海区的含量较低,在东部岛弧和北部台湾岛附近海区的含量较高;蒙皂石与火山作用密切相关,在东部火山岛弧附近海区含量较高。(3)粘土沉积物的来源以河流输入为主,海洋自生和风尘搬运对该区的沉积影响不大。(4)深海悬浮物粘土矿物的组成变化能够很好地指示短尺度气候环境的变迁,伊利石的结晶程度对气候和环境变化反映灵敏,其随所处环境的压力增大而变差。 相似文献