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1.
于2019年3月、7月和10月对长江口及邻近海域有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的分布及河口混合行为进行分析研究。通过对盐度、吸收光谱斜率S275～295、吸收系数aCDOM(355)以及叶绿素a的分析发现,在河口内低盐度区,7月淡水流量大,陆源输入量最大,aCDOM(355)值最高,3月CDOM来源主要受陆源输入和浮游植物生产活动的影响,aCDOM(355)值较10月高;在口外高盐度区,3月和7月的aCDOM(355)值相近,均低于10月,CDOM分布主要受浮游植物生产活动的影响。利用三维荧光光谱?平行因子分析方法共鉴定出4个荧光组分:类蛋白质组分C1(280/330 nm)、类腐殖质组分C2(300/350 nm)、类腐殖质组分C3(260/465 nm)和类腐殖质组分C4(320/410 nm)。在3月、7月及10月,4个荧光组分强度由长江口内到口外呈递减趋势,受陆源输入和浮游植物生产活动的影响,平均荧光强度的季节变化总体上来说,由大到小依次为7月、10月、3月。3个季节CDOM荧光组分均存在偏离理论稀释线的现象,说明CDOM的来源(陆源输入、沉积物再悬浮和现场生物活动)和去除(被颗粒物吸附、光降解和细菌降解)机制复杂多变,揭示了长江口区域CDOM在不同时空下的不保守混合行为。 相似文献
2.
厦门湾有色溶解有机物的光吸收特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了厦门湾九龙江河口区、西海域、同安湾及东侧水道海水中有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的光吸收特性,分析了CDOM的河口行为,并讨论了CDOM光吸收特性与其荧光性质之间的关系。结果表明,厦门湾表层海水CDOM光吸收系数a(355)的水平分布表现为河口区最高、东侧水道最低、西海域和同安湾介于两者之间,底层水a(355)的分布与表层基本相似,表明陆源河流输入是厦门湾CDOM的主要来源;a(355)的垂直分布为表层高于底层,主要受水文和生物因素控制。厦门湾表层水CDOM光谱斜率S的平均值介于0.014—0.018nm-1,但河口低盐度区S值较小,反映陆源腐殖质的影响。a(355)在河口混合中呈保守行为,表明CDOM具有良好的保守性质。CDOM的吸收系数a(355)与其荧光强度之间表现为较好的相关关系,指示可以用灵敏度更高的荧光方法来研究CDOM的分布和行为。 相似文献
3.
北极孔斯峡湾表层沉积物中溶解有机质的来源与转化历史 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在北极地区孔斯峡湾采集28个表层沉积物样品,测定了其中水溶性有机质(也称溶解有机质,DOM)的分子量分布、紫外/可见吸收光谱和三维荧光光谱特征,并利用平行因子分析(PARAFAC)模型对DOM的荧光组分和来源进行了解析。结果表明:孔斯峡湾表层沉积物中有色溶解有机质(CDOM)及其中的荧光溶解有机质(FDOM)含量均从内湾向外湾方向呈逐渐累积的趋势,但CDOM中的FDOM所占比例逐渐减小,与DOM趋于老龄化密切相关。沉积作用减弱以及长期的光化学降解和微生物降解作用对此起主要贡献,并导致腐殖质和小分子组分在沉积物DOM中所占的比例呈逐渐递增的趋势。沉积物DOM包含陆源类腐殖质、自生源类腐殖质和类蛋白等三个荧光组分,但是其组成比例空间差异很大。吸收光谱斜率比(SR)随自生源所占百分比增加而减小,随DOM腐殖质组分中陆源与自生源的比值增加而增加;腐殖化指数(HIX)随类腐殖质与类蛋白质比值和水深的增加而增加,生物源指数(BIX)随自生源比例增加而增加。峡湾沉积物DOM的组成和来源存在着高度的空间差异,在冰川湾区由水体颗粒有机质(POM)的近期转化和迁移而来,而在峡湾中央及口门附近以较老的腐殖质为优势,主要源于水体DOM长期迁移和转化。研究表明,FDOM/CDOM,SR,HIX和BIX等构成的CDOM光谱指纹信息可以作为揭露沉积物溶解有机质来源及迁移转化历史的工具,对探索海洋与冰川相互作用影响下的峡湾环境演变有着重要意义。 相似文献
4.
珠江口磨刀门溶解有机物CDOM 三维荧光光谱特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用三维荧光对珠江口磨刀门夏秋季有色溶解有机物(CDOM)时空变化进行研究,分析其组成及荧光强度。结果表明, CDOM 三维荧光峰谱包括 UV 类腐殖质 A、陆源 Vis 类腐殖质 C 和海源 Vis类腐殖质M,以及类蛋白质T。在入海过程中,其组成未发生变化,但其荧光强度随盐度增加逐渐减小,反映了CDOM主要来源是陆源,并且主要受海水物理稀释控制,是一种典型的保守混合行为。在定点站位涨落潮周期中, CDOM的荧光强度不仅受到海水稀释的作用,表层水体CDOM受到紫外线的光降解作用,同时中层水体CDOM受到浮游植物的影响,反映了盐度、紫外线强度、生物活动对CDOM具有的共同影响。 相似文献
5.
九龙江口CDOM的荧光特性研究 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
利用荧光光度计对2001—2003年期间九龙江口4个航次水样中有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的荧光光谱进行了测定,并对其荧光性质、荧光强度的分布与季节性变化特征及其河口行为进行了分析,同时与厦门岛周边海域进行了比较。结果表明,输入九龙江口的CDOM荧光强度季节变化明显,夏高(17．16QSU)冬低(5．73QSU)。所有站位表层荧光强度明显高于底层,与河口区垂直分层一致。南支CDOM荧光强度随盐度的变化率高于北支,说明九龙江河水主要沿河口南岸入海。4个航次CDOM荧光强度都呈保守混合趋势,但观测到CDOM表观荧光效率随盐度增加而降低,暗示在低盐度区可能有胡敏酸的絮凝沉降。厦门周边海域CDOM荧光强度以西海域北部最高,西海域南部和同安湾次之,厦门东侧水道最低。各水域表层CDOM荧光强度与盐度均呈反相关关系,但不同水域回归曲线的斜率有差异,九龙江口、厦门西海域南部及厦门东侧水道三个海域具有同一相关趋势线,表明西海域南部和东侧水道主要受九龙江水输入控制,而西海域北部有不同的趋势线,这主要受污水输入的影响,由此很好地证卖了CDOM的水团示踪作用。 相似文献
6.
2014年夏季长江口有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的分布、光学特性及其来源探究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过测定有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的吸收光谱、荧光光谱、溶解有机碳(DOC)浓度,探究了2014年夏季长江口CDOM的来源及河口混合行为。结合吸收系数a(355)、光谱斜率S275-295、比紫外吸光度SUVA254与盐度的关系,结果表明南港水道受黄浦江输入影响显著,北港水道由长江径流控制呈保守性混合行为,二者CDOM的物质结构性质较为相似。DOC的浓度可通过a(275)与a(295)模拟估算:ln[DOC]=4.94–0.87ln[a(275)]+0.90ln[a(295)],a(275)8.0 m–1;ln[DOC]=4.77–6.79ln[a(275)]+8.05ln[a(295)],a(275)≥8.0 m–1。模拟结果表明,在长江口及邻近海域,CDOM对DOC具有示踪意义。利用三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析(EEMs-PARAFAC)技术,可得到夏季长江口FDOM含有3个类腐殖质组分(C2,C4和C5)和3个类蛋白质组分(C1,C3和C6)。类腐殖质组分具有相似的来源及地球化学行为,且与a(355)及盐度存在显著相关性;类蛋白质组分则与a(355)及盐度之间无显著相关性,揭示其与区域内微生物的活动有关。 相似文献
7.
长江口盐度梯度下有色溶解有机物的分布、来源与季节变化 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过测定有色溶解有机物（CDOM）的吸收光谱和荧光光谱研究了2015年3月和7月长江口盐度梯度下CDOM的分布、组成、来源及河口混合行为等。利用激发发射矩阵荧光光谱（EEMs）并结合平行因子分析（PARAFAC）,研究了CDOM的荧光组分特征,共识别出两类4个荧光组分组成,即类腐殖质荧光组分C1（260,375/490 nm）、C2（365/440 nm）、C3（330/400 nm）及类蛋白质荧光组分C4（295/345 nm）。结果表明,3月和7月,4种荧光组分的分布模式与总荧光强度都基本一致:从口内到口外,先升高后降低,且4种组分都在河口呈现不保守混合行为,在最大浑浊带处存在添加过程,达到峰值,在口外有去除过程。3月腐殖化指数HIX范围在1.12~7.19,而7月HIX的范围在0.87~6.71;生物指数BIX在3月范围在0.76~1.11,7月为0.62~1.15,表明3月CDOM的腐殖化程度较7月高,而自生贡献比例较7月略低。3月吸收系数α（355）的平均值为0.55 m-1 ,7月的略高,为0.61 m-1,表明7月长江口CDOM的含量略高。光谱斜率比值SR的季节性变化不大,都是近岸低,远岸高,表明CDOM的平均分子质量从口内到口外在逐渐增加。 相似文献
8.
渤海有色溶解有机物的三维荧光光谱特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用三维荧光光谱(FEEMs)技术, 结合FEEMs特定光谱区荧光区域积分(FRI)法, 测定了2010年9月中旬渤海23个站位不同层次的有色溶解有机物(CDOM)样品, 以探讨渤海CDOM组分的水平和垂直分布特征以及控制因素。FEEMs的总累计积分和各荧光团的荧光区域积分比例可作为表征海域CDOM分布特征的一个良好指标, 且优于常规的单点荧光法。结果表明, 渤海CDOM中含有类腐殖质荧光团A、B、C, 类色氨酸荧光团M, 以及类酪氨酸荧光团N。从沿海至外海, CDOM总累计积分值不断减小。其中紫外区类腐殖质A的荧光区域积分比例无显著变化; 可见区陆源类腐殖质B的荧光区域积分比例也不断减小, 表明陆源输入为沿海区域CDOM的主要来源; 而可见区海源类腐殖质C、类蛋白质荧光团M、N的荧光区域积分比例和叶绿素浓度不断升高, 显示了生物活动的贡献。从层次来看, 沿海CDOM的总累计积分为: 表层>底层>中层; 而外海CDOM的总累计积分呈相反趋势。其中, 紫外区类腐殖质A的荧光区域积分比例在整个海域最小, 垂直分布无明显变化; 可见区陆源类腐殖质B的荧光区域积分比例与沿海CDOM总累计积分相一致; 可见区海源类腐殖质C、类蛋白质M和N的荧光区域积分比例与外海CDOM总累计积分相一致, 这反映了CDOM的垂直分布是由光化学反应、生物作用和沉积物再悬浮共同控制的特性。 相似文献
9.
长江口外海水中有色溶解有机物（CDOM）的光吸收特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于2008年5、11月2次调查数据,研究了长江口邻近海域水体有色溶解有机物（CDOM）的光吸收特性及其时空分布特征,探讨了CDOM含量、光谱斜率Sg值及其与特征波长下吸收系数a（440）的关系.结果表明,春季该海域有色溶解有机物的吸收系数a（440）的范围为2.232~8.671 m-1,平均值为4.523 m-1;秋季其吸收系数a（440）的变化范围为0.390~6.135 m-1,平均值为2.209 m-1.该水体CDOM吸收曲线基本呈指数衰减趋势.在400~440 nm波段内,春季其光谱斜率Sg值范围为0.002 0~0.014 2 nm-1,平均值为0.008 7 nm-1秋季的介于0.020 8~0.052 6 nm-1之间.平均值为0.037 5 nm-1.同时有色溶解有机物吸收系数a（440）与Sg值存在着较显著的负相关关系. 相似文献
10.
秋季胶州湾有色溶解有机物荧光特性研究及其来源分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用三维荧光光谱(EEMs)-平行因子分析(PARAFAC)技术研究了秋季胶州湾有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的荧光成分组成、分布特征及来源。PARAFAC模型解析出胶州湾CDOM由2类5个荧光组分组成,即类腐殖质成分C1(355nm/430nm)、C2(320nm/390nm)、C3(380nm/465nm)、C4(420(330)nm/505nm)及类蛋白质成分C5(280/325nm)。类腐殖质成分C1、C2、C3和C4的平面分布模式基本一致,呈现由近岸海域向湾中心海域逐渐减小的趋势,而类蛋白质成分C5则是由湾东北部近岸海域向西南部海域呈逐渐减小的趋势。分析表明,秋季胶州湾CDOM类腐殖质成分C1、C2、C3和C4的主要来源为陆源输入,而类蛋白质成分C5主要受城市排污的影响。系统聚类分析表明,以团岛南端和红岛西侧连线为界,所有采样站位被分为两类,分界线西部区域站位CDOM各荧光成分相对含量分别为C1:31.8%~35.5%,C2:30.3%~33.7%,C3:17.1%~20.2%,C4:4.5%~5.2%,C5:9.6%~12.5%;分界线东部区域站位CDOM各荧光成分相对含量分别为C1:30.6%~34.6%,C2:28.8%~32.7%,C3:17.0%~19.1%,C4:3.3%~4.8%,C5:12.1%~18.2%。西部区域CDOM具有较高的C4含量和较低的C5含量,大沽河等河流的陆源输入特征明显,而东部区域CDOM则具有较高的C5含量和较低的C4含量,反映该区域受城市排污影响显著。另外,秋季胶州湾CDOM的HIX范围为1.8~3.2之间,较小的腐殖化因子值反映了秋季胶州湾CDOM的腐殖化程度高较低,在环境中存在时间较短。 相似文献
11.
Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Baltic Sea by excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Piotr Kowalczuk Joanna Sto&#x;-Egiert William J. Cooper Robert F. Whitehead Michael J. Durako 《Marine Chemistry》2005,96(3-4):273-292
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is the major light absorber in the Baltic Sea. In this study, excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and UV–visible absorption spectra of CDOM are reported as a function of salinity. Samples from different locations and over different seasons were collected during four cruises in 2002 and 2003 in the Baltic Sea in both Pomeranian Bay and the Gulf of Gdansk. Absorption by CDOM decreased with increased distance from the riverine source and reached a relatively stable absorption background in the open sea. Regression analysis showed that fluorescence intensity was linearly related to absorption by CDOM at 375 nm and aCDOM(375) absorption coefficients were inversely related to salinity. Analysis of CDOM-EEM spectra indicated that a change in composition of CDOM occurred along the salinity gradient in the Baltic Sea. Analysis of percent contribution of respective fluorophore groups to the total intensity of EEM spectra indicated that the fluorescence peaks associated with terrestrial humic components of the CDOM and total integrated fluorescence decreased with decreasing CDOM absorption. In contrast, the protein-like fraction of CDOM decreased to a lesser degree than the others. Analysis of the percent contribution of fluorescence peak intensities to the total fluorescence along the salinity gradient showed that the contribution of protein-like fluorophores increased from 2.6% to 5.1% in the high-salinity region of the transect. Fluorescence and absorption changes observed in the Baltic Sea were similar to those observed in similar transects that have been sampled elsewhere, e.g. in European estuaries, Gulf of Mexico, Mid-Atlantic Bight and the Cape Fear River plume in the South Atlantic Bight, although the changes in the Baltic Sea occurred over a much smaller salinity gradient. 相似文献
12.
Onega Bay waters are characterized by a high content of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The absorbance spectra and fluorescence intensity (excitation wavelength 455 nm, emission wavelength >680 nm) were used to assess the distribution of CDOM content in water filtered through a GF/F filter. The CDOM content at different points in Onega Bay showed more than a fourfold difference, as inferred from the measured values. The CDOM content in surface waters was, as a rule, higher than in the deeper horizons. A higher CDOM content was measured near the Onega River, near the middle part of the Onega shore, and near the Pomor shore opposite the town of Belomorsk. River runoff is the major source of CDOM in Onega Bay water. The CDOM chemical composition in Onega Bay waters was heterogeneous. The ratio of the fluorescence intensity to the absorbance value was higher near the mouths of rivers and in intensive mixing zones than in water characterized by high salinity. A highly significant linear correlation (R2 = 0.7825) between water salinity and CDOM fluorescence intensity was demonstrated. The contribution of fluorescent compounds to river runoff CDOM is substantially higher than the contribution to the composition marine CDOM. 相似文献
13.
The spectral absorption properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and their distributions in two Chinese estuaries, the Yangtze River Estuary and the Jiulong River Estuary, were studied during August 2003 (wet season) and during different seasons between 2003−2005, respectively. The CDOM concentrations (a355) of fresh end members in the Jiulong River Estuary varied seasonally, while its quality remained relatively stable. However, the a355 of the marine end members exhibited less variability. Application of a conservative mixing model indicated that CDOM behaved conservatively in the Yangtze River Estuary. No photobleaching removal was observed at high salinity region of this estuary. Although CDOM showed conservative behavior for many cruises in the Jiulong River Estuary, there was evidence for removal in the low salinity regions during some cruises. Laboratory mixing experiments and a salt addition experiment suggested that particle sorption of CDOM maybe the possible reason for the removal. These results showed that absorption properties of CDOM can be used as a tool to observe the quantitative and qualitative dynamics of DOM during estuarine mixing. 相似文献
14.
海水中的一氧化碳(CO)主要由溶解有色有机物(CDOM)光降解产生,且CO的光致生成量受到环境因素的影响。采集了胶州湾及其河口表层水样,通过实验室模拟实验开展了不同的环境条件(辐射强度、光照时间、温度、pH和盐度)以及水体中CDOM的来源对CO光致生成的影响研究。结果表明胶州湾海水中CO的光致生成速率随辐射强度的增强、水温的升高和水体pH的增大而增大;随着光照时间的延长、水体盐度的增大而逐渐减小;不同来源的CDOM对水体中CO的光致生成速率产生了不同的影响。 相似文献
15.
基于GOCI影像的长江口及其邻近海域CDOM遥感反演及其日内变化研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用静止轨道海洋水色卫星（GOCI）数据对长江口及其邻近海域有色溶解有机物（CDOM）反演。以QAA-CDOM算法为基础,根据实测数据,利用BP神经网络模型来拟合QAA-CDOM算法中需要针对长江口水体进行优化的悬浮颗粒后向散射系数bbp与吸收系数ap的关系,从而准确估算CDOM的浓度。结果表明,反演结果准确度较高,平均相对误差为0.35。基于GOCI日内连续成像的优势,选取2014年3月15日8景GOCI影像,利用优化后的QAA-CDOM-BP算法,对长江口及其邻近海域CDOM的日内变化进行反演和分析,得到的变化规律如下:长江口及其邻近海域的CDOM日变化主要受潮流、长江径流等共同影响。长江口内CDOM浓度在涨潮期高于退潮期,由于受长江冲淡水的作用,CDOM从口外往外海区呈现逐渐递减趋势。 相似文献
16.
胶州湾海水中一氧化碳光致生成影响因素的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
海水中的一氧化碳(CO)主要由溶解有色有机物(CDOM)光降解产生,且CO的光致生成量受到环境因素的影响。采集了胶州湾及其河口表层水样,通过实验室模拟实验开展了不同的环境条件(辐射强度、光照时间、温度、pH和盐度)以及水体中CDOM的来源对CO光致生成的影响研究。结果表明胶州湾海水中CO的光致生成速率随辐射强度的增强、水温的升高和水体pH的增大而增大;随着光照时间的延长、水体盐度的增大而逐渐减小;不同来源的CDOM对水体中CO的光致生成速率产生了不同的影响。 相似文献
17.
《Marine Chemistry》2002,77(1):23-41
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is the light absorbing fraction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The optical properties of CDOM potentially permit remote sensing of DOC and CDOM, and correction for CDOM absorption is essential for remote sensing of chlorophyll a (chl a) in coastal and estuarine waters. To provide data for this purpose, we report the distributions of CDOM, DOC, and chl a from seven cruises in Chesapeake Bay in 1994–1997. We observed non-conservative distributions of chl a and DOC in half of the cruises, indicating net accumulations within the estuary; however, there were no net accumulations or losses of CDOM, measured as absorption at 355 nm or as fluorescence. Freshwater end member CDOM absorption varied from 2.2 to 4.1 m−1. Coastal end member CDOM absorption was considerably lower, ranging over 0.4–1.1 m−1. The fluorescence/absorption ratio was similar to those reported elsewhere for estuarine and coastal waters; however, in the lower salinity/high CDOM region of the Bay, the relationship was not constant, suggestive of the mixing of two or more CDOM sources. Chl a was not correlated with the absorption for most of the cruises nor for the data set as a whole; however, CDOM and DOC were significantly correlated, with two groups evident in the data. The first group had high CDOM concentrations per unit DOC and corresponded to the conservative DOC values observed in the transects. The second group had lower CDOM concentrations per unit DOC and corresponded to the non-conservative DOC values associated with net DOC accumulation near the chl a maximum on the salinity gradient. This indicates the production of non-chromophoric DOC in the region of the chl a maximum of Chesapeake Bay. In terms of remote sensing, these data show that (1) the retrieval of the absorption coefficient of CDOM from fluorescence measurements in the Bay must consider the variability of the fluorescence/absorption relationship, and (2) estimates of DOC acquired from CDOM absorption will underestimate DOC in regions with recent, net accumulations of DOC. 相似文献
18.
Characterization of dissolved organic matter fluorescence in the South Atlantic Bight with use of PARAFAC model: Interannual variability 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Piotr Kowalczuk Michael J. Durako Heather Young Amanda E. Kahn William J. Cooper Michael Gonsior 《Marine Chemistry》2009,113(3-4):182-196
Systematic water sampling for characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the coastal South Atlantic Bight, was conducted as part of the long term Coastal Ocean Research and Monitoring Program (CORMP). Water samples were collected during a 3.5 year period, from October 2001 until March 2005, in the vicinity of the Cape Fear River (CFR) outlet and in adjacent Onslow Bay (OB). During this study there were two divergent hydrological and meteorological conditions in the CFR drainage area: a severe drought in 2002, followed by the very wet year of 2003. CDOM was characterized optically by the absorption coefficient at 350 nm, the spectral slope coefficient (S), and by Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) fluorescence. Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) was used to assess CDOM composition from EEM spectra and six components were identified: three terrestrial humic-like components, one marine humic-like component and two protein-like components. Terrestrial humic-like components contributed most to dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence in the low salinity plume of the CFR. The contribution of terrestrial humic-like components to DOM fluorescence in OB was much smaller than in the CFR plume area. Protein-like components contributed significantly to DOM fluorescence in the coastal ocean of OB and they dominated DOM fluorescence in the Gulf Stream waters. Hydrological conditions during the observation period significantly impacted both concentration and composition of CDOM found in the estuary and coastal ocean. In the CFR plume, there was an order of magnitude difference in CDOM absorption and fluorescence intensity between samples collected during the drought compared to the wet period. During the drought, CDOM in the CFR plume was composed of equal proportions of terrestrial humic-like components (ca. 60% of the total fluorescence intensity) with a significant contribution of proteinaceous substances (ca. 20% of the total fluorescence). During high river flow, CDOM was composed mostly of humic substances (nearly 75% of total fluorescence) with minor contributions by proteinaceous substances. The impact of changes in fresh water discharge patterns on CDOM concentration and composition was also observed in OB, though to a lesser degree. 相似文献