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1.
环境磁学是近十几个来在古地磁学，地质学与环境科学综合研究的基础上发展起来的一门新兴边缘学科，主要研究沉积物关磁性矿物特征，矿物磁学参数及其与环境的关系，地层对比，沉积物源变化，地磁场变化及与气候的关系，磁性太物的形成与转变等。 相似文献
2.
环境磁学是一门介于地球科学、环境科学和磁学之间的新兴边缘学科。在环境系统中,土壤、岩石、沉积物、大气尘埃等自然物质以及人类活动所产生的次生物质往往表现出不同的磁性特征,它们与物质内含矿物的磁性类型、铁磁晶粒含量、大小构成及配比组合有关,在一定程度上反映了其来源母质、生成环境、搬运过程和沉积作用等综合信息。环境磁学旨在分析物质的磁性矿物组合和特征,探索其在不同环境条件下的转化规律,利用环境系统中的物质在磁性特征上的差异和联系及其所指示的环境内涵,研究不同时空尺度的环境过程、环境作用和环境问题,进而… 相似文献
3.
冲绳海槽北部CSH1孔岩石磁学特征及其早期成岩作用的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以2~4 cm为间隔,对冲绳海槽北部的CSH1孔岩心(17.36 m)进行了岩石磁学研究.根据岩心上部的两个特征火山灰层和浮游有孔虫组合分析建立了钻孔的时间框架,沉积物底部年龄可能为50 ka.除了在三个火山灰层和近表层向下的快速降低外,整个钻孔磁学参数的变化甚小,未能反映出50 ka来的气候变化.与大多数沉积物不同,该钻孔大多数层位的S值(S=-IRM-0.3T/SIRM,它代表了低矫顽力磁性矿物的含量)小于0.9,指示钻孔沉积物中存在相当比例的高矫顽力磁性矿物.代表性沉积物样品的磁化率-温度(K-T)曲线除了存在580℃磁铁矿的居里温度之外,还显示200~350℃的居里温度,指示样品中存在铁硫化物(胶黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿).这与加热过程中有刺鼻的臭味、加热后的沉积物变黑对铁硫化物的指示相吻合.自生成因的铁硫化物的存在以及表层磁性参数的快速降低,都明确表明沉积物遭受了早期成岩作用.除了三个火山灰层以外钻孔的其他层位无特征磁学变化,表明沉积物后来受到的改造作用强烈,磁学参数所蕴含的原始气候信号被破坏.在这一系列氧化-还原过程中消耗了沉积物中的有机质和水溶液中的硫酸盐,造成了沉积物中铁、锰元素的重新溶解和沉淀等. 相似文献
4.
冲绳海槽北部CS1孔岩石磁学特征及其早期成岩作用的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以2～4cm为间隔，对冲绳海槽北部的CSH1孔岩心（17．36m）进行了岩石磁学研究．根据岩心上部的两个特征火山灰层和浮游有孔虫组合分析建立了钻孔的时间框架，沉积物底部年龄可能为50ka．除了在三个火山灰层和近表层向下的快速降低外，整个钻孔磁学参数的变化甚小，未能反映出50ka来的气候变化．与大多数沉积物不同，该钻孔大多数层位的S值（S=-IRM-0.3T/SIRM，它代表了低矫顽力磁性矿物的含量）小于0.9，指示钻孔沉积物中存在相当比例的高矫顽力磁性矿物．代表性沉积物样品的磁化率-温度（K-T）曲线除了存在580℃磁铁矿的居里温度之外，还显示200-350℃的居里温度，指示样品中存在铁硫化物（胶黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿）．这与加热过程中有刺鼻的臭味、加热后的沉积物变黑对铁硫化物的指示相吻合．自生成因的铁硫化物的存在以及表层磁性参数的快速降低，都明确表明沉积物遭受了早期成岩作用．除了三个火山灰层以外钻孔的其他层位无特征磁学变化，表明沉积物后来受到的改造作用强烈，磁学参数所蕴含的原始气候信号被破坏．在这一系列氧化-还原过程中消耗了沉积物中的有机质和水溶液中的硫酸盐，造成了沉积物中铁、锰元素的重新溶解和沉淀等． 相似文献
5.
环境磁学某些研究进展评述 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19
环境磁学是应用岩石磁学和矿物磁学技术去恢复环境过程、重塑环境演化历史的一门边缘科学。沉积环境中磁性矿物的形成、搬运、沉积和演化受气候变化和环境过程的控制,因此,岩石和矿物磁学性质可作为环境变化和气候过程的代用指标。环境磁学能为全球环境变化、气候过程研究提供有价值的资料。鉴于环境磁学方法在古环境和古气候研究中的重要作用。本文对当前黄土、湖泊沉积物和海洋喾物环境磁学研究的一些进展作简要评述。 相似文献
6.
磁性矿物的早期成岩作用是沉积物埋藏后的重要过程,辨别早期成岩作用,才能更好地解释地层的矿物磁性变化。本研究对珠江三角洲顺德平原全新世钻孔MZ孔进行沉积相和室温磁性分析,并辅以热磁分析鉴定磁性矿物,以探讨钻孔不同深度和沉积相的早期成岩作用阶段。结果表明,MZ孔全新世地层自下而上包括感潮河道、河口湾和三角洲相。室温磁性特征与沉积相缺乏明显关联,表现出强烈的早期成岩作用。此外,全新世晚期岩芯磁性特征还受人类活动影响。该孔早期成岩作用以磁性矿物溶解和形成自生黄铁矿为主。在三角洲前缘相的上部和河口湾相底部保存了硫复铁矿。根据矿物组合推测以4.51～4.56 m和30.4～30.5 m两个深度为代表的硫复铁矿形成机制不同,即三角洲前缘相中硫复铁矿可能形成于早期成岩作用的硫酸盐还原阶段,而河口湾相的硫复铁矿形成于甲烷厌氧氧化阶段,后者的含量随着深度增加逐渐增多。上述现象说明,沉积环境可以通过影响有机质和硫酸根离子的供应量,决定磁性矿物所达到的早期成岩作用阶段。 相似文献
7.
对采自长江现行主河道和黄河入海口处的表层沉积样品进行了环境磁学参数的测量和对比研究.结果表明:长江和黄河河口沉积物的磁性载体主要是亚铁磁性物质,亚铁磁性矿物晶粒以假单畴-多畴为主,同时亦有超顺磁晶粒的存在;长江河口沉积物的磁性明显强于黄河河口沉积物,特别是质量磁化率、非磁滞剩磁及饱和等温剩磁,两者相对偏差在40%以上;在粗粒级沉积物(>0.063 mm)中,长江河口沉积物的磁化率与全样磁化率平均值差别较小,在4%左右;黄河河口沉积物差别很大,可达34%.两者的差别反映了长江和黄河沉积物中磁性矿物赋存方式的差异;长江和黄河河口沉积物磁性特征的差异与两者粒度特征对比明显.长江和黄河河口沉积物的这些磁学方面的差别是源岩特征和气候环境差异上的反映,可以作为判别两者物源的有效示踪剂. 相似文献
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9.
东海陆架沉积物环境磁学特征及其物源指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对东海陆架69个表层沉积物样品进行了环境磁学测试,并结合重矿物鉴定和粒度分析数据讨论了其磁学特征、影响因素和物源指示意义。结果表明研究区表层沉积物中磁性矿物以磁铁矿为主,同时含有少量的磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿。这一结果与碎屑矿物镜下鉴定结果一致。根据磁学参数S–300(-300m T磁场下饱和等温剩磁的矫顽参数)、SIRM/χ(饱和等温剩磁与磁化率之比)及SIRM(饱和等温剩磁),将东海陆架表层沉积物分为三类。第一类沉积物主要分布在西部内陆架及研究区东北部的细粒沉积区,磁性矿物含量较高,亚铁磁性矿物所占比例较小,磁性矿物颗粒细;第二类分布在中外陆架,磁性矿物含量低,亚铁磁性矿物比例相对较高,磁性矿物颗粒粗;第三类沉积物分布在研究区东部部分站位,磁性矿物含量高,亚铁磁性矿物含量也高,磁性矿物颗粒粗。沉积物整体的粒度粗细控制了磁性矿物颗粒的大小,且在以现代细粒沉积物为主的第一类沉积物中,磁性矿物含量与粉砂、黏土含量成正相关关系。S–100-SIRM(-100m T磁场下饱和等温剩磁的矫顽参数-饱和等温剩磁)散点图显示,东海陆架大部分区域沉积物磁学特征与长江沉积物一致,表明物质来源于长江;研究区东北部受到黄海沿岸流搬运来的黄河物质的影响磁学性质呈现出黄河物质特征;闽浙沿岸部分站位受到人类活动及瓯江物质的影响。 相似文献
10.
朱而勤 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1986,(2)
自生形成物是指形成在沉积物(或沉积岩)堆积场所的化学成因的物质。自生物质既可生成在沉积阶段,也可生成在成岩阶段。从其生成时期看来,本节所讨论的自生物质均系早期成岩阶段形成,它们对于查明所赋存沉积物的成岩环境、特征及演化历史等方面有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
《Marine Geology》1999,153(1-4):103-116
Diagenetic dissolution of magnetic minerals has been widely observed in organic-rich sediments from many environments. Organic-rich sediments from the eastern Mediterranean Sea (sapropels), recovered during Leg 160 of the Ocean Drilling Program, reveal a surprising catalogue of magnetic properties. Sapropels, from all sites studied across the eastern Mediterranean Sea, are strongly magnetic and the magnetization is directly proportional to the organic carbon content. The magnetization of the sapropels is dominated by a low-coercivity, probably single domain magnetic mineral (with an inverse magnetic fabric) that exhibits a clear decay in magnetic properties when exposed to air. During heating, the magnetic particles irreversibly break down between 360 and 400°C. The contrast between the magnetic properties of sapropels and surrounding sediments is marked, with remanence intensities of sapropels often being more than three orders of magnitude higher than those of underlying sediments. The contrast between the magnetic properties of sapropels and the surrounding sediments is apparently controlled by non-steady-state diagenesis: sulphate-reducing conditions dominated during sapropel deposition, while overlying sediments were deposited under oxic conditions. The mineral responsible for the magnetic properties of sapropels is most likely to have formed under sulphate-reducing conditions that existed during times of sapropel formation. Attempts to identify this mineral have been unsuccessful, but several lines of evidence point toward an unknown ferrimagnetic iron sulphide phase. The influence of diagenesis on the magnetic properties of cyclically-deposited eastern Mediterranean sedimentary sequences suggests that magnetic parameters may be a useful proxy for diagenesis in these sediments. 相似文献
12.
《Marine Geology》2005,216(4):265-274
Magnetic susceptibility measurements on near-surface sediment cores from the North Cascadia accretionary sedimentary prism show that seismic blanking or wipe-out zones in the upper few hundred metres of sediments are associated with a prominent low magnetic susceptibility signature. Seismic blanking and low magnetization are both attributed to high upward methane flux within a vent zone, as evidenced by the presence of massive gas hydrate within the cores. Sedimentological analysis of these cores also reveals the presence of authigenic pyrite within the areas of magnetic susceptibility lows. This phenomenon is suspected to be produced by the reducing environment associated with the high upward methane flux and increased bacterial activity within the topmost sediments, resulting in diagenesis of highly magnetic detrital minerals such as magnetite into nearly non-magnetic pyrite. These low magnetic susceptibility zones may produce magnetic anomalies with a magnitude of 10–35 nT near the seafloor. Such anomalies might be detected using high-resolution near-bottom magnetometers to provide a means of mapping zones of methane venting. 相似文献
13.
为了准确解释环境磁学参数记录的极地古气候环境变化信息,本研究对白令海和西北冰洋61个站位的表层沉积物进行了高、低频质量磁化率(χ)、非磁滞磁化率(χARM)和磁化率-温度(k-T)分析,以探明该区沉积物中磁性矿物的种类、来源与搬运路径。结果显示,样品的χ具有明显的地域分布特征。白令海的χ值整体高于楚科奇海,并在育空河口外侧和圣劳伦斯岛南侧较高,向北和向西南方向逐渐减小。楚科奇海中东部陆架上表层沉积χ值高于阿拉斯加沿岸,而西北冰洋深海平原和洋脊区的χ值最低。χARM的变化趋势与质量磁化率相似,但频率磁化率的变化趋势与质量磁化率正好相反。k-T分析结果显示阿留申海盆沉积物中的铁磁性矿物以磁赤铁矿占主导,白令海陆架育空河口外侧和圣劳伦斯岛南北两侧为磁铁矿,白令海陆架西部和楚科奇海陆架中东部为磁赤铁矿和磁铁矿,楚科奇海阿拉斯加沿岸为黄铁矿,而西北冰洋陆坡、深海平原和洋脊区为胶黄铁矿和黄铁矿,但高纬度区沉积物中的胶黄铁矿含量更高。沉积物中磁性矿物的区域性分布受沉积物来源、洋流和底质环境等因素的控制。白令海和楚科奇海陆架磁赤铁矿来源于亚洲大陆,白令海陆架东部的磁铁矿来自育空河流域,阿拉斯加沿岸沉积物中的黄铁矿,应为阿拉斯加西北部陆源侵蚀来源的或早期成岩作用形成的,西北冰洋深海盆区的胶黄铁矿,为自生成因的。 相似文献
14.
Detailed rock magnetic investigations were undertaken at 2~4 cm interval for the gravity core CSH1(with a length of 17.36 m) from the northern Okinawa Trough.Time-scale of the core was constructed by two characteristic tephras and foraminferal assemblages,indicating an age of 50 ka for the bottom of the core.Except for three tephras and abrupt decrease in surface,there are little changes in all kinds of rock magnetic parameters that can be correlated to the climate change for the last 50 ka.Different from the common sediments,most S-ratios(S equals the negative ratio of IRM-0.3T to SIRM,which is an indicator of low coercivity content)of the sediments are smaller than 0.9,which implies a substantial amount of magnetic minerals with high coercivity.The existence of iron sulphide(greigite or pyrrhotite) is revealed by representative susceptibility-temperature curves showing 200~350 ℃ Curie temperature in addition to 580 ℃ of magnetite,and also by awful smell during heating and dark heating products.Both the occurrence of authigenic iron sulphide and quick decrease of magnetic parameters near the surface clearly show that sediments from Core CSH1 have undergone early diagenesis.The featureless magnetic changes of the whole core except for three tephras mean that the post-depositonal alteration is so strong that most original signals have been destroyed.For the same reason,the organic matter in sediment and sulphate in pore water must have been consumed along with dissolution,precipitation of iron and manganese happening sequencially during the redox reaction series.Great caution must be taken when using these altered chemical parameters for the interpretation of climatic changes. 相似文献
15.
利用2010年1月与2010年8月采集的钱塘江中下游河床沉积物粒度和磁性测量数据以及2010年8月测量的流速数据,分析了沉积物粒度和磁性的时空分布特征,探讨了粒度和磁性参数对沉积动力环境的指示意义。结果表明:(1)冬季河床沉积物以粉砂和黏土为主,夏季以粉砂和砂为主,沉积物粒度呈现从中游到富春江水库逐渐变细、近口段到河口段逐渐变粗的规律,并且冬季粒度总体上细于夏季,指示夏季以及河口段较强的水动力环境。(2)磁性矿物含量从中游到下游呈现逐渐减少的趋势,夏季磁性矿物含量比冬季高。磁性矿物中亚铁磁性矿物占主导地位,夏季亚铁磁性矿物的含量高于冬季。(3)χfd%、χARM、χARM/SIRM和χARM/χ可以作为这个区域冬季<16μm的细颗粒沉积物的代用指标,χfd%和χARM/χ可以作为夏季<32μm细颗粒沉积物的代用指标。(4)沉积物磁性参数χfd%、χARM、χARM/χ和χARM/SIRM同样呈现出从中游到富春江水库逐渐变大、而从近口段到河口段逐渐变小的趋势,这与沉积物磁性矿物晶粒对沉积动力环境的响应是密切相关的,其中参数χfd%与χARM更能有效地反映沉积动力环境。 相似文献
16.
近13万年来南沙沉积物中的剩磁记录 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对长355 cm的南沙NS93-5钻孔连续取古地磁样品281块,进行沉积物磁性特征的研究。详细的岩石磁学结果表明,沉积物中以低矫顽磁力的磁性矿物为主,剩磁携带者主要是磁铁矿类矿物,但同时存在少量赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿等。钻孔191~206、232~248和292~308 cm记录的剩磁磁倾角出现较小的负值,根据氧同位素地层学和14C测年、火山灰层年龄,计算其对应的沉积年龄分别为65.87~68.7、73.4~80.8和108.4~113.6 kaBP。其中108.4~113.6 kaBP的剩磁异常可能是布莱克(Blake)事件在南沙沉积物中的记录。 相似文献
17.
Rock magnetic properties of unconsolidated sediments from the Korea Deep Ocean Study area of the northeastern equatorial Pacific were analyzed to trace the time-dependent variations of sedimentary environments. For upper Pleistocene sediments, light-brown sediments predominate, whereas the lower sediments deposited in the late Pliocene are dark brown. Rock magnetic properties also clearly differ among the two distinct color environments. Values of anhysteretic remanent magnetization and low-field magnetic susceptibility are highly responsive to changes in the color of the sediment. For example, comparatively low values denote a dominance of coarse-grained magnetic minerals as observed in the lower dark-brown layers. With respect to the content of magnetic minerals, coarse magnetic grains are highly concentrated in the darker-colored sediment layers. However, both the magnetic mineral dependent parameter (S ratio) and results of the scanning electron microscope observation indicate that magnetic mineral changes did not occur along the core depth, which means that there was no apparent source change. Without distinctive source changes, the variations in the rock magnetic properties likely reflect a process by which the magnetic grains were primarily transported by enhanced wind and bottom currents and affected by diagenetic dissolution as a function of both the time from burial and the extremely low sedimentation rates after deposition. 相似文献
18.
Two cores from an anoxic basin of the southeastern Mediterranean Ridge were investigated to compare the clay mineralogy of pelagic sediments and of the interbedded sapropels. The sediments of Core BAN 84-02, raised from the basin floor, and those of Core BAN 84-08, from the eastern plateau of the Bannock Basin, provide evidence for different sedimentary environments. The anoxic conditions, which are still present near the bottom, produce an important decrease in smectite crystallinity (Core 02), whereas well-organized smectite persists in the normally oxygenated sediments (Core 08). Detrital clay minerals from various sources were deposited in the basin and no appreciable diagenesis was recognized downcore.
The clay mineralogy of the sapropels shows remarkable differences compared to the pelagic sediments. The changes observed are dependent on aggressive chemical reaction and on the sudden input of detrital crystalline sediments into the stagnant environment. A climatic curve registers the variable degree of clay mineral hydrolysis in continental areas and exhibits good correspondence with an already published oxygen isotope curve for the area. 相似文献