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1.
During 1995–2011, annual production of winter-spring cohort of Ommastrephes bartramii for Chinese squidjigging fishery has greatly fluctuated, which is closely related to the environmental conditions on the spawning and fishing grounds. To better understand how squid recruitment and abundance were influenced by ocean environmental conditions, biological and physical environmental variables including sea surface temperature(SST), SST anomaly(SSTA), chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration and the Kuroshio Current were examined during years with the highest(1999), intermediate(2005), and lowest(2009) catches. Catch per unit effort(CPUE) of the squid-jigging vessels was used as an indicator of squid abundance. The results indicated that high SST and Chl a concentration on the spawning ground in 1999 resulted in favorable incubation and feeding conditions for squid recruitment. Whereas the suitable spawning zone(SSZ) in 2009 shifted southward and coincided with low SST and Chl a concentration, resulting in a reduction in the squid recruitment. The small difference of SSZ area in the three years suggested the SSZ provided limited influences on the variability in squid recruitment. Furthermore,high squid abundance in 1999 and 2005 was associated with warm SSTA on the fishing ground. While the cool SSTA on the fishing ground in 2009 contributed to adverse habitat for the squid, leading to extremely low abundance. It was inferred that strengthened intensity of the Kuroshio force generally yielded favorable environmental conditions for O. bartramii. Future research are suggested to focus on the fundamental research on the early life stage of O. bartramii and mechanism of how the ocean-climate variability affects the squid abundance and spatial distribution by coupling physical model with squid biological process to explore transport path and abundance distribution.  相似文献   

2.
Unusual and distinct hydroacoustic targets were observed in November 1996, May 1998 and November 1998 during routine pelagic biomass surveys off the south coast of South Africa. During the November 1996 survey, seven such targets were observed near the bottom at depths of 115–125 m, directly south of the traditional inshore spawning grounds of chokka squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii at Cape St Francis. The targets were close to prominent seabed ridges and extended 30–40 m off the bottom. In May 1998, three similar targets were observed at depths 55–80 m off Plettenberg Bay, another well-known squid spawning site. The shallowest target was identified, by means of a midwater trawl, as a mixture of mature male and female chokka. During the November 1998 survey, nine similar targets were again observed on the squid spawning grounds at Cape St Francis, also adjacent to seabed ridges. Drawing on fisheries hydroacoustic experience and knowledge of chokka squid spawning behaviour, the targets are believed to be aggregations of spawning squid.  相似文献   

3.
东南太平洋茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)是短生命周期大洋性经济鱼类,其资源量受环境因素变化的影响较大。根据我国鱿钓船队2013~2017年在东南太平洋的生产统计数据,结合海洋环境数据包括海表面温度(SST)、海表面盐度(SSS)、叶绿素a浓度(chl a),运用BP神经网络(back propagation network)模型来标准化单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort, CPUE,也称名义CPUE)。以均方误差(mean square errors, MSE)和平均相对变动值(average relative variances, ARV)为最优模型判断依据,比较隐含层节点3-10的神经网络模型,发现6-9-1结构为最优模型。用Garson算法解释模型结果,发现各输入层因子对东南太平洋茎柔鱼资源丰度影响重要度排序为chl a、SST、经度(Lon)、SSS、纬度(Lat)、月份(Month)。并作名义CPUE和标准化CPUE资源丰度对比分布图,结果显示CPUE与标准化CPUE总体分布状况基本一致,但局部区域存在明显差异, 80°~85°W及10°~20°S海域适宜鱿钓生产,表明BP神经网络模型可以适用于东南太平洋茎柔鱼的CPUE标准化,从而为鱿钓渔业生产提供一定参考依据。  相似文献   

4.
The California market squid is ecologically and economically important to the California Current Ecosystem and coastal communities. However, the population undergoes periodic and large-scale fluctuations on the order of magnitudes, largely as a result of warm ocean temperature and reduced ocean productivity related to cycles in El Niño Southern Oscillation. These fluctuations can lead to cascading trophic effects on the ecosystem, market uncertainty, and substantial revenue losses for fishing communities. In order to investigate the role that spawning behavior may play in mitigating the detrimental environmental effects on the population as well as allowing the species to capitalize during favorable ocean conditions, surveys for market squid paralarvae were conducted three times per hatching season from 2012 to 2019. The specific objectives were to (a) assess whether there was a large-scale synchronous peak in paralarval abundance each season, (b) investigate whether market squid paralarvae were found at certain locations in similar abundances throughout the duration of a hatching season, and (c) to understand the influence of oceanographic parameters, such as zooplankton availability, sea surface temperature, and chl-a on paralarvae abundance during each hatching season. Adaptable spawning strategies that varied over time were observed. Market squid displayed large-scale synchronous spawning during cool and productive oceanographic conditions; protracted spawning was observed during warm and oligotrophic conditions. No overall site fidelity was observed across all effort, but during two seasons where habitat compression was possible, market squid consistently spawned in certain areas. Generalized additive models were used to explore the effects of a small set of oceanographic variables on paralarval density on a seasonal basis. Sea surface temperature and geographic variables were generally the most important variables. These findings indicate that market squid spawning behaviors and habitat are adaptable and dependent on oceanography and population density.  相似文献   

5.
本文分析了2009、2010和2013年期间采集于哥斯达黎加、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和智利外海的茎柔鱼的角质颚下颚的δ13C和δ15N含量。各海区的稳定同位素含量反应了不同海区背景值的不同，海区间稳定同位素含量差异显著，其中厄瓜多尔外海最低，智利外海最高。δ13C和δ15N散点图显示，尽管秘鲁海区的同位素值与哥斯达黎加和智利的存在一定的重叠，但是δ13C和δ15N值可明显将各海区的样本明显分开。哥斯达黎加、厄瓜多尔和智利外海样本的δ13C和δ15N值分布相对集中以及三海区之间的δ13C和δ15N值差异显著说明，采自哥斯达黎加、厄瓜多尔和智利外海的茎柔鱼样本属于不同地理群体，它们的产卵起源不同，各自在相对狭小的地理区域内移动，相互之间没有种群交流。与之相比，δ13C和δ15N值变化范围广说明，秘鲁外海茎柔鱼样本的幼体是来自不同海区，经理不同的移动路线和索饵场。秘鲁和智利外海茎柔鱼样本的同位素值存在一定的重叠可能是由于两者之间存在一定的种群交流所致。总体来说，通过分析茎柔鱼角质颚稳定同位素的空间差异有助于我们了解其不同地理种群的迁徙策略以及相互之间的连通性。  相似文献   

6.
Recruitment of the short-finned squid Illex illecebrosus to adult feeding grounds on the shelf off eastern Canada constitutes an important transition from warm food-limited Gulf Stream waters to cold and productive slope and coastal waters. The impact of such gradients was addressed by analysing the gladius growth of 1585 juvenile squid collected across the Gulf Stream and shelf/slope fronts during research cruises conducted between 1979 and 1989. Temperature- and size-specific growth potential, as estimated by a bioenergetics model, were compared to measured gladius growth rates and revealed that young Illex were energetically expensive and food-limited in Gulf Stream waters (their hatching environment). Growth condition improved inshore, where metabolic costs decreased and more food became available. Similar patterns were observed when size-specific growth rates of squid caught across the temperature and food gradients were directly compared. In addition, transport processes in the Gulf Stream and slope water played an important role in providing access and retention in favourable areas. Juvenile onshore migration seems to be driven by elevated food requirements and involves physiological adaptations to compensate for decreasing temperatures. The individual "success" in terms of growth and survival may depend, however, on access to concentrated patches of food which, in turn, will be determined by timing and the transport dynamics of the main water masses.  相似文献   

7.
The results of ichthyoplankton surveys carried out by the Instituto Nacional de Pesca (INAPE) in the Argentine–Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone (AUCFZ) in summer 1980 and the winters of 1980–1982 are presented. In addition, the results of joint research with INIDEP, the Argentine and Japan Fisheries Agency, on larvae, juveniles and adults of the short-finned squid Illex argentinus carried out in winter 1989 are given, as are data obtained during the joint sardine and anchovy recruitment project carried out by R.V. Meteor in November/December 1989. The short-finned squid Illex argentinus is the most important cephalopod resource of the area, and an extended fishery is carried out on the Patagonian shelf and in the proximity of the Falkland Islands. The fishing season in the AUCFZ, for pre-spawning and spawning animals, extends from early autumn to winter (March–August). Abundance of rhynchoteuthion larvae (417–485 larvae·10 m?2) was greatest in winter in surface temperatures of 12,1–16,9°C and surface salinities of 34,8 – 35,2 × 10?3. The distribution of the larvae is related to the western boundary of the Brazil Current and the convergence front.  相似文献   

8.
Market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens) are ecologically and economically important to the California Current Ecosystem, but populations undergo dramatic fluctuations that greatly affect food web dynamics and fishing communities. These population fluctuations are broadly attributed to 5–7‐years trends that can affect the oceanography across 1,000 km areas; however, monthly patterns over kilometer scales remain elusive. To investigate the population dynamics of market squid, we analysed the density and distribution of paralarvae in coastal waters from San Diego to Half Moon Bay, California, from 2011 to 2016. Warming local ocean conditions and a strong El Niño event drove a dramatic decline in relative paralarval abundance during the study period. Paralarval abundance was high during cool and productive La Niña conditions from 2011 to 2013, and extraordinarily low during warm and eutrophic El Niño conditions from 2015 to 2016 over the traditional spawning grounds in Southern and Central California. Market squid spawned earlier in the season and shifted northward during the transition from cool to warm ocean conditions. We used a general additive model to assess the variability in paralarval density and found that sea surface temperature (SST), zooplankton displacement volume, the log of surface chlorophyll‐a, and spatial and temporal predictor variables explained >40% of the deviance (adjusted r2 of .29). Greatest paralarval densities were associated with cool SST, moderate zooplankton concentrations and low chlorophyll‐a concentrations. In this paper we explore yearly and monthly trends in nearshore spawning for an economically important squid species and identify the major environmental influences that control their population variability.  相似文献   

9.
The neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii is an economically important species in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The life cycle of O. bartramii is highly susceptible to climatic and oceanic factors. In this study, we have examined the impacts of climate variability and local biophysical environments on the interannual variability of the abundance of the western winter-spring cohort of O. bartramii over the period of 1995–2011. The results showed that the squid had experienced alternant positive and negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) over the past 17 years during which five El Ni?o and eight La Ni?a events occurred. The catch per unit effort(CPUE) was positively correlated with the PDO index(PDOI) at a one-year time lag. An abnormally warm temperature during the La Ni?a years over the positive PDO phase provided favorable oceanographic conditions for the habitats of O.bartramii, whereas a lower temperature on the fishing ground during the El Ni?o years over the negative PDO phase generally corresponded to a low CPUE. The same correlation was also found between CPUE and Chl a concentration anomaly. A possible explanation was proposed that the CPUE was likely related to the climateinduced variability of the large-scale circulation in the Northwest Pacific Ocean: high squid abundance often occurred in a year with a significant northward meander of the Kuroshio Current. The Kuroshio Current advected the warmer and food-rich waters into the fishing ground, and multiple meso-scale eddies arising from current instability enhanced the food retention on the fishing ground, all of which were favorable for the life stage development of the western squid stocks. Our results help better understand the potential process that the climatic and oceanographic factors affect the abundance of the winter-spring cohort of O. bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.  相似文献   

10.
茎柔鱼主要分布于东太平洋，是我国鱿钓渔船的主要捕捞对象，气候变化对其栖息地有较大影响。本研究依据1950?2015年海表温度(SST)、海表高度距平(SSHA)以及尼诺指数(Ni?o3.4指数)，计算秘鲁外海茎柔鱼栖息地适宜性指数(HSI)，分析在厄尔尼诺(El Ni?o)、正常气候和拉尼娜(La Ni?a)条件下适宜栖息地的时空变动。分析表明，海表温度距平(SSTA)和SSHA与Ni?o3.4指数的变化趋势基本相同，Ni?o3.4指数与SSTA和SSHA均呈显著正相关，但与HSI值呈显著负相关。依据气候事件的定义，将研究年份划分为El Ni?o年，正常年和La Ni?a年。研究发现，在El Ni?o年，茎柔鱼渔场水温变暖，海面高度上升，适宜的SST和SSHA范围缩小，导致适宜的栖息地面积范围缩减；而在正常气候和La Ni?a年份，茎柔鱼渔场水温变冷，海面高度下降，适宜的SST和SSHA范围增大，因此适宜的栖息地面积范围增加。此外，Ni?o3.4指数和茎柔鱼渔场HSI纬度重心呈显著正相关，在El Ni?o事件下适宜的栖息地纬度重心向南偏移。研究认为，不同ENSO事件下茎柔鱼渔场环境变化显著，进而影响茎柔鱼适宜的栖息地范围及其空间分布。  相似文献   

11.
大洋性鱿鱼的洄游路径能够给我们重要的信息，帮助我们了解其时空分布的变化。标记-重捕和电子标记方法在施行过程中仍存在一些问题。头足类的硬组织，如角质颚，有着稳定的形态特征和类似耳石的连续生长纹，同时包含丰富的生态信息，可以为我们研究物种的时空分布提供相关信息。本研究中，我们以北太平洋柔鱼为研究对象，基于不同角质颚生长阶段进行取样来重建鱿鱼的洄游路径。研究结果认为，通过电感耦合等离子质谱仪（LA-ICP-MS）取样，发现角质颚的喙端矢状平面（RSS）检测到9种微量元素。针对上述几种元素，发现不同生长阶段的磷（P）、铜（Cu）和锌（Zn）存在显著差异。利用钠（Na）、磷和锌与海表面温度（SST）建立线性回归模型。基于贝叶斯模型，计算出不同时期柔鱼出现的较高概率的海域。结合不同时期的高概率分布海域，建立起柔鱼的洄游路径，该结果与前人研究结果一致。本研究也证实了角质颚可以为研究大洋性柔鱼的洄游路径提供有效的信息。  相似文献   

12.
In the Northwest Pacific Ocean, the squid jigging fisheries from China, Japan and other countries and regions have targeted the west winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii) from August to November since the 1970 s. This squid is a short-lived ecological opportunist with a life-span of about one year,and its population is labile and recruitment variability is driven by the environment or climate change. This variability provides a challenge for ones to forecast the key habitats affected by climate change. The catch data of O. bartramii from Chinese squid jigging fishery and the satellite-derived sea surface temperature(SST) data are used in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from August to November of 1998 to 2004, the SST preferences of O.bartramii corresponding to high values of catch per fishing day(CPUE) are determined and monthly potential habitats are predicted using a histogram analysis of the SST data. The possible changes in the potential habitats of O. bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean are estimated under four climate change scenarios based on the Fourth Assessment Report(AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, i.e., 0.5, 1, 2 and 4°C increases in the SST because of the climate change. The results reveal an obvious poleward shift of the potential habitats of O. bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.  相似文献   

13.
为探讨不同气候条件对鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthisoualaniensis)渔业生物学影响,根据2015年8月(厄尔尼诺年)、2016年8月(拉尼娜发生期)和2017年8月(正常时期)我国灯光罩网船在南海采集的1 970尾鸢乌贼样本,对其胴长、体重、性腺成熟度、胃饱满度、初次性成熟胴长进行了比较研究。结果表明:不同年间鸢乌贼雌雄比例不同, 2017年最高, 2015年次之, 2016年最低;优势胴长组不同,2015年最大, 2017年次之, 2016年最小;优势体重组也不同, 2015年最大, 2017年次之, 2016年最小。协方差分析表明不同年间胴长与体重的关系均不存在性别间显著性差异, 2015、2016和2017年分别最适用线性、幂和指数函数表示;不同年间样本性成熟组成存在差异,雌雄样本性成熟样本分别占对应总数的30.96%和25.40%、46.41%和11.15%、7.35%和28.46%;胃饱满度组成也不同。不同年间初次性成熟胴长不同, 2015、2016和2017年雄性初次性成熟胴长分别为184.12、144.41、132.70 mm;雌性分别为192.66、143.68、188.52 mm。结果表明,不同气候变化引起的海洋环境的变化对鸢乌贼渔业生物学产生影响:温度升高导致鸢乌贼个体减小,性成熟胴长减小,雌雄间的个体差异变大。  相似文献   

14.
西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼，Illex argentinus，巴塔哥尼亚南部群体是重要的经济种类。海洋环境因子在柔鱼资源分布中起着重要的作用。本研究利用基于环境因子的动态产量模型评估2000-2010年的滑柔鱼的资源量。假设海洋环境因子（滑柔鱼产卵场最适宜海表温度占比）影响动态产量模型的参数K，DIC值表明在正态分布和均匀分布下均是基于环境因子的评估模型优于基本的动态产量模型。阿根廷滑柔鱼的最大可持续产量（MSY）在351600吨到685 100吨之间，资源生物量在1322400吨到1 803 000吨之间，其捕捞死亡系数均小于F0.1和FMSY，资源处在良好状态，没有遭受过度捕捞。本研究为应用环境因子在柔鱼类的资源评估与管理提中供了科学的参考方法。  相似文献   

15.
Reproductive features of the poorly known oceanic squid Octopoteuthis sicula are described and quantified to gain insight into the reproductive biology of the species. The data are based on 39 complete and partial specimens from southern African waters, collected between 1975 and 2005. The specimens ranged in mantle length from 38 mm to 290 mm and included juveniles and mature females and males. The species shows female-biased sexual size dimorphism. Ovulation is asynchronous, indicating a repeated spawning strategy. Males transfer spermatophores presumably by using their long terminal organ. Spermatangia (discharged spermatophores) were found implanted in several parts of the body in both females and males, including in the anterior dorsal and ventral rugose, semi-gelatinous mantle tissue of maturing and mature females. This modified mantle tissue was only well developed in females. The morphologies of the spermatophore and the spermatangium of O. sicula are described. The spermatophoric reaction is reconstructed, using various stages of discharge, to provide insight into the process of intradermal implantation of spermatangia of this species.  相似文献   

16.
Grubby (Myoxocephalus aenaeus, Cottidae) is a common benthic fish of inshore waters and estuaries of eastern Long Island Sound; however, little information exists on their life history or population demographics. This study utilised a long-term data series (1976–2002) to assess grubby life history and population demographics and explores trends in the Niantic River and Niantic Bay populations. In addition, we examined the age, size, and fecundity of adult grubby in 2001–02 to determine the population characteristics in the region. Mean grubby catch per unit effort (CPUE) in Niantic Bay ranged from 0.4 per trawl in 1976 to 2.9 per trawl in 1984 while river CPUE ranged from 0.4 per trawl in 1977 to 7.6 per trawl in 1989. Catch of grubby in bottom trawls varied seasonally with highest CPUE occurring in winter. Highest entrainment of grubby larvae occurred in 2001 while the lowest entrainment observed was in 1991. Four age classes, 0+ through III+, were derived from otolith analysis (N = 51) although length frequency analysis suggested the possibility of older fish in the population. The total number of eggs in ovaries ranged from 286 to 16 451 for grubby (N = 64) between 52 mm and 155 mm TL. Results of this study indicated a decline in abundance of adult grubby over the 26-year period, possibly related to concurrent declines in eelgrass (Zostera marina) abundance and/or increased water temperature.  相似文献   

17.
Change of colour, consistency and pH in contents of the caecum and the stomach of laboratory-maintained long-finned squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii were determined. There was relatively little variability in any of these parameters of the specimens investigated. Colour and consistency of food or emulsion were used as a basis of analysis of stomach-caecum contents of wild squid. Most squid fed late during the night and/or during the early morning, and the frequency of caecum colour categories did not change much between trawls. Wild squid preyed upon different organisms according to their size. Squid of 69–125 mm dorsal mantle length fed mainly on euphausiids (95% by frequency of occurrence, 87,5% by mass) and those of 126–240 mm mainly on fish (78 and 74,3% respectively) with Bregmaceros ?macclellandii and hake as important components. Unidentified fish in the stomachs (i.e. those from which no otoliths were available) probably also belonged to these two species.  相似文献   

18.
余为  陈新军  易倩 《海洋学报》2016,38(2):64-72
海洋初级生产力在海洋生态中扮演重要角色,其变化影响了海洋渔业的潜在产量。本文根据2004-2013年中国鱿钓组提供的西北太平洋柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)捕捞数据和海洋遥感净初级生产力数据,研究了柔鱼冬春生西部群体资源量变动与净初级生产力的关系。结果发现,柔鱼渔场范围内净初级生产力在经度方向上呈明显的季节性变化,冬春季低,夏秋季高。捕捞月份7-11月对应的适宜净初级生产力范围分别为500~700 mg/(m2·d)(以碳计),500~800 mg/(m2·d),500~1000 mg/(m2·d),500~800 mg/(m2·d)和300~500 mg/(m2·d),最适净初级生产力分别为700 mg/(m2·d),600 mg/(m2·d),700 mg/(m2·d),600 mg/(m2·d)和400 mg/(m2·d)。7-11各月最适净初级生产力平均纬度与捕捞努力量纬度重心呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),说明了捕捞努力量位置在渔场中不是随机分布,可能受最适净初级生产力的纬度分布的影响。柔鱼年间资源丰度与各年3月份净初级生产力以及7-11月份平均净初级生产力大小显著正相关(P<0.05)。推测每年柔鱼资源量大小可能是由3月份产卵场海域和7-11月捕捞月份渔场净初级生产力水平交互作用的结果。研究表明,异常环境条件(厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件)对柔鱼产卵场和渔场的净初级生产力具有显著影响,但调控机制不同。  相似文献   

19.
秦松  林光恒 《海洋与湖沼》1993,24(5):542-546
于１９８９年３月－１９８９年９月，利用极谱测定法研究了无机诱变剂Ｃｄ在３级实验食物（链从褐指藻经中国对虾至欧氏六线鱼）中的传递，并对积累Ｃｄ的中国对虾和欧氏六线鱼肌肉和内脏灰样进行了紫露草微核测定。结果表明，Ｃｄ浓度在传递中依次减少；经过６ｄ喂食，Ｃｄ从褐指藻到中国对虾的传递比例为６６．６％；经过７ｄ喂食，Ｃｄ从中国对虾到欧氏六线鱼的传递比例为２９．９％。ｔ测验发现，处理组对虾内脏灰样与肌肉灰样之  相似文献   

20.
余为  陈新军 《海洋学报》2017,39(11):97-105
光合有效辐射（PAR）是海洋初级生产力的重要驱动因素之一,因此对海洋鱼类的资源丰度和空间分布产生潜在影响。本文根据2006-2015年1-12月中国鱿钓科学技术组提供的秘鲁外海茎柔鱼捕捞数据和光合有效辐射卫星遥感数据,以单位捕捞努力量渔获量（CPUE）表征资源丰度,以CPUE的纬度重心表征渔场空间分布,评估了东南太平洋秘鲁海域光合有效辐射对茎柔鱼资源变动的影响。结果发现,茎柔鱼渔场的产量、捕捞努力量、CPUE和PAR呈现明显的月间变化,其中CPUE和PAR月间变化规律表现为1-6月降低,7-12月增加的趋势。相关分析法表明,CPUE与PAR呈正相关关系,7月和8月相关性显著,而其余月份相关性不显著。依据频率分布法估算了各月适宜和最适PAR范围,各月最适PAR范围占渔场总面积比例与CPUE呈显著正相关关系,推测茎柔鱼资源丰度可能由各月适宜PAR面积大小决定;同时,最适PAR纬度与CPUE纬度重心呈显著正相关,说明茎柔鱼渔场的空间分布受最适PAR纬度的显著影响。此外,拉尼娜年份茎柔鱼适宜PAR面积要显著高于厄尔尼诺年份。研究表明,茎柔鱼资源丰度和空间分布受光合有效辐射的显著影响,其调控作用在不同气候条件下呈现不同的变化规律。  相似文献   

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