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1.
基于多光谱数据对海岸线自动提取的问题研究已久。针对国内外岸线提取方法较为单一的现状,提出兼顾光谱特征与空间关系的海岸线自动提取方法:将2014年黄河三角洲Landsat8-OLI影像与实测地物反射率光谱对比,选择敏感波段建立提取模型,之后对研究岸段进行分类并自动提取,同时基于908专项山东省修测海岸线标准的目视解译方法对实验部分的海岸线进行提取,最后通过ROC曲线原则对提取结果分别进行0.5与1像元精度评价,实验证明该方法在1个像元精度(提取置信度均高于90%)范围内能快速、准确地提取黄河三角洲复杂地貌类型地区的海岸线,所得到的矢量岸线可直接用于地理信息系统(GIS)分析。 相似文献
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互花米草自1979年引进我国以来迅速增长,呈现外来物种入侵势态,严重影响了滨海湿地生态系统平衡。通过遥感手段监测可以获取互花米草的时空扩展规律,为互花米草治理提供参考和依据。本文选取长三角地区3个主要湿地区域为研究区,依托Google Earth Engine (GEE)平台选取了2014—2019年Landsat 8 OLI时间序列数据,提出了一种基于物候特征的互花米草提取方法。首先,通过归一化差异湿度指数(NDMI)、归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)和归一化差异水体指数(NDWI)提取互花米草生长的高湿度区域;然后,通过植被指数构建表征植被物候特征的时间序列曲线,确定互花米草与其他植被的物候特征差异时相;最后,基于物候特征差异时相数据构建决策树提取互花米草。通过与现有的互花米草决策树提取方法和支持向量机(SVM)方法对比发现,本文方法在3个研究区的提取结果均为最优提取结果,表明本文的方法对提取互花米草具有较好的适用性。 相似文献
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基于变分水平集方法的浒苔绿潮面积信息提取 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
绿潮面积信息提取是绿潮遥感监测中极其重要的环节,其结果将直接影响后续的统计分析和预测预警工作。目前科研人员一般基于传统阈值方法对绿潮面积信息进行提取,其提取结果具有不稳定、效率低、人为因素影响大等缺点。针对上述问题,本文基于变分水平集的对偶方法和分裂Bregman投影方法对绿潮面积信息进行了提取,并提出一种对上述两种方法提取出的绿潮面积信息结果进行量化的新方法。分别基于传统阈值方法、变分水平集的对偶方法和分裂Bregman投影方法进行了3幅影像的绿潮信息提取实验,对提取结果进行了比对分析。实验结果表明,对分辨率较高的卫星遥感数据,无论从运行效率还是从绿潮面积信息提取结果的精确性及稳定性上,基于变分水平集的对偶方法和分裂Bregman投影方法均优于基于传统阈值方法。 相似文献
4.
针对目前海冰信息解译时对海冰外缘线及面积信息提取不精确、业务化应用不强问题,提出一种基于分裂Bregman算法的海冰外缘线自动提取方法,并通过遥感影像预处理、算法程序化等工作步骤,将该算法应用到业务化海冰信息解译工作中。方法:分别选取五景中、高空间分辨率的可见光卫星遥感影像,将影像上待提取海冰区域首先进行不规则图像裁剪、图像增强等预处理工作,然后基于变分水平集及快速分裂Bregman投影方法进行了海冰外缘线信息的提取,并对提取出的海冰面积进行量化,最后与传统人工提取海冰信息进行了比较。实验结果表明,基于变分水平集及其快速分裂Bregman算法提取的海冰信息,具有提取的海冰边缘精确、自动化程度高、提取结果稳定可靠等优点。 相似文献
5.
A computational framework for hydrodynamic shape optimization of complex ship hull form is proposed and applied to improve the calm water performance of the KRISO Container Ship (KCS). The framework relies on three key features: a novel shape morphing method based on a combination of subdivision surfaces and free form deformations, a robust three dimensional viscous computational fluid dynamic solver based on the openFOAM open-source libraries and a Gaussian process-response surface method (GP-RSM) based on ordinary Kriging model which has been created to speed-up the evaluation of the quantity of interest (QoI) of the design process.The accuracy of the hydrodynamic solver is proven by comparing the obtained results against available experimental measurements. A preliminary sensitivity analysis on the mesh size has been carried out aiming at reducing the computational burden required by the CFD predictions. Three GP-RSMs have been trained relying on increasing number of hull designs. Each surrogate model has been cross-validated by both leave-one-out and k-fold techniques. The behaviours of these multi-dimensional surfaces have been analyzed in details by sampling the investigated design space with 107 points according to a Full-Factorial algorithm, highlighting the regions of maximum deviation with respect to the resistance of the reference hull. The three optimum designs provided by the corresponding GP-RSM models have been verified by using high-fidelity CFD simulations with a refined mesh configuration. Calm water resistance, wave patterns and pressure distributions over the selected hull surfaces have been discussed in the light of the generated shape variations. 相似文献
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分析海洋流场数据进行流场涡旋提取是流场可视化的重要方法。通常实际存在的涡旋具有不规则性,导致涡旋的提取通常需要复杂的计算。本文分析流场数据中涡旋的特点,提出一种基于角动量最大值模型提取涡旋的方法。建立角动量模型计算获得近似涡旋中心点,然后通过空间聚集分析和流场信息熵的计算来提取区域内涡旋。实验结果表明,与传统的提取方法相比,该方法不需要通过复杂计算即可提取涡旋区域并保证准确度,可以应用于不同空间分辨率的数据,同时解决了流场信息熵计算时鞍点对涡旋影响的问题,对于弱涡旋也有较好的提取效果。 相似文献
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本文对TOA萃取剂萃取钍适宜的操作条件及萃取溶剂进行了试验,提出了TOA/苯萃取234Th的最佳条件: 在 1cm3含 234Th的 6mol/dm3 HNO3 溶液中,用体积比为 0. 5的TOA/苯溶液 2cm3 萃取,然后用 2cm3 1. 0mol/dm3 H2SO4反萃取,最高萃取率达 94%.对TOA/苯、TBP/煤油和TTA/苯这 3种萃取体系的萃取效率及其影响因素、萃取机理、成本等做了比较,认为 3种体系各有利弊,但均可有效地应用于相关的海洋学研究中. 相似文献
9.
The abundance of carbonate minerals in rocks is an important element for petroleum geochemists, geologists and engineers to consider during hydrocarbon exploration and production. Carbonate minerals can be related to the depositional environments of the source rocks and hence the type of organic matter that can be subsequently modified through diagenetic processes. The total carbonate content in shales can also be used to deduce their fracability as reservoir rock for shale gas/oil extraction. At present, mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) is the most widely used technique in the oil and gas-related petrophysical and geochemical laboratories for identifying and quantifying carbonate minerals in rock samples. In contrast, the use of the total mineral carbon content parameter MinC (%) from Rock-Eval analysis has been limited despite (1) the parameter's effectiveness as demonstrated through instrument and methodology development; and (2) the presence of a large volume of Rock-Eval results due to its widespread use in the oil and gas industry.In this study, we acquired XRD and Rock-Eval analytical results on over nine hundred rock samples ranging from Ordovician to Cretaceous age from four petroleum sedimentary basins in Canada. Least-squares regression analyses produce empirical equations with R2 values greater than 0.92 for the correlations between XRD total carbonate contents and the Rock-Eval MinC (%) values of six different suites of samples. This indicates that the MinC (%) values generated by Rock-Eval 6 and other instruments of similar capability can be used with confidence for estimating the amounts of total carbonates in sedimentary rock samples. While the correlation between the two types of carbonate content measurements is geology-specific, a global linear regression model (R2 of 0.97) based on the large combined data set has been proposed for approximating the total carbonate abundances based on Rock-Eval MinC (%) values. 相似文献
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基于密度峰值聚类的中尺度涡轨迹自动追踪方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
中尺度涡信息的提取包括涡旋的识别和轨迹追踪，其自动识别与追踪对于基于海量数据的中尺度涡分析十分重要。传统涡旋轨迹自动追踪方法一般需要预先设定搜索半径的阈值，存在一定的主观性。针对传统中尺度涡轨迹追踪方法存在的问题，论文从聚类的角度出发，提出基于密度峰值聚类算法实现对涡旋轨迹的自动追踪，并以南海中尺度涡追踪为例，将基于聚类的追踪算法与传统的相似度追踪算法进行比较分析。结果表明:（1）基于密度峰值聚类算法，可实现对海洋中尺度涡的自动追踪，该算法涡旋追踪准确率优于传统相似度算法；（2）该涡旋追踪算法对资料的完整性依赖度较低，特别是对于存在部分缺损数据的情况仍能较准确追踪；（3）该追踪算法克服了传统涡旋追踪算法需要预先设定搜索半径阈值的问题，自适应性更强。 相似文献
11.
A mathematical model is suggested for calculating current, density, and pressure fields in the area of a solitary bottom rise
(seamount). The model is based on a set of non-linear differential equations governing the motion of an inviscid continuously
stratified fluid. The algorithm for solving the equations is based on the splitting technique. The model has been used to
compute non-linear baroclinic waves generated by a barotropic tide in the seamount area.
Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin. 相似文献
12.
Aureococcus anophagefferens, a small pelagophyte algae, has caused brown tide blooms in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao in recent years, presenting significant negative impacts on the shellfish mariculture industry. Under standard light microscopy, it is visually indistinguishable from other small algae in field samples due to its extremely small size. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR) based on 18 S r DNA sequences was developed and used to detect and enumerate A. anophagefferens. A linear regression(R2 = 0.91) was generated based on cycle thresholds value(Ct) versus known concentrations of A. anophagefferens. Twenty-two field samples collected in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao were subjected to DNA extraction and then analyzed using q PCR. Results showed that A. anophagefferens had a wide distribution in coastal waters along Qinhuangdao. Elevated A. anophagefferens abundance, category 3 brown tide blooms(200 000 cells/m L) occurred at Dongshan Beach and Tiger-stone Beach in August in 2013. In shellfish mariculture areas along coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, 4 stations had category 3 blooms, and 6 stations had category 2 blooms(35 000–200 000 cells/m L) in August and all stations had category 1 blooms(0 to ≤35 000 cells/m L) in October. Quantitative PCR allows for detection of A. anophagefferens cells at low levels in filed samples, which is essential to effective management and prediction of brown tide blooms. 相似文献
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海岸线是海岛海岸带研究的基础要素,对于海岸带资源开发利用具有重要意义。遥感技术凭借其宏观、多光谱且周期短等特点成为快速提取海岸线的重要技术手段。本文采用高分辨率遥感数据WorldView-2对海岸线两侧地物的表观反射率进行分析,并开展特征分析,构建了海岸线提取指数。在此基础上,进一步结合纹理特征提取方法,成功提取了马来西亚棉花岛的海岸线。基于线目标匹配法对提取结果进行精度评价,其中长度误差为-1.38%,在缓冲半径为6个像素单位时,完整度为96.96%,正确度为95.37%。结果表明,用该方法提取的海岸线精度较高,可满足遥感调查的需要。 相似文献
14.
A pile-supported OWC breakwater is a novel marine structure in which an oscillating water column (OWC) is integrated into a pile-supported breakwater, with a dual function: generating carbon-free energy and providing shelter for port activities by limiting wave transmission. In this work we investigate the hydrodynamics of this novel structure by means of an analytical model based on linear wave theory and matched eigenfunction expansion method. A local increase in the back-wall draft is adopted as an effective strategy to enhance wave power extraction and reduce wave transmission. The effects of chamber breadth, wall draft and air chamber volume on the hydrodynamic performance are examined in detail. We find that optimizing power take-off (PTO) damping for maximum power leads to both satisfactory power extraction and wave transmission, whereas optimizing for minimum wave transmission penalizes power extraction excessively; the former is, therefore, preferable. An appropriate large enough air chamber volume can enhance the bandwidth of high extraction efficiency through the air compressibility effect, with minimum repercussions for wave transmission. Meanwhile, the air chamber volume is found to be not large enough for the air compressibility effect to be relevant at engineering scales. Finally, a two-level practical optimization strategy on PTO damping is adopted. We prove that this strategy yields similar wave power extraction and wave transmission as the ideal optimization approach. 相似文献
15.
A method has been developed for the determination of ammonium concentration and isotopic enrichment in seawater samples at the low nanomolar range (10–100 nmol/kg). It is based on the reaction of phenol/hypochlorite with ammonium to form indophenol, with subsequent solid phase extraction, derivatisation and analysis by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. The precision of the method was maximised by incorporating a deuterated indophenol internal standard. A system was developed which generated seawater with extremely low ammonium concentrations thus matching sample and standard matrices for quantitative analysis. Data are presented from a study of ammonium regeneration rates at three stations in the oligotrophic North–East Atlantic where ambient ammonium concentrations were < 21 nmol/kg. Results suggested that ammonium availability for phytoplankton was limited by the rate of ammonium regeneration. Efficient ammonium assimilation contributed to the very low ambient ammonium concentrations measured at these stations. The study highlights the need for the accurate determination of ammonium regeneration rates in studies of new production, particularly in extreme oligotrophic conditions. If not corrected for isotope dilution, f-ratio estimates may be overestimated by 10.7–13.7%. 相似文献
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利用代谢物组学技术有助于更为深入地了解不分枝丝状微藻黄丝藻细胞的生物学特性。本研究比较了3种黄丝藻细胞破碎方法(冻融法、超声破碎法、液氮研磨法)以及基于气相色谱-质谱联用技术的3种黄丝藻代谢物提取系统(冷甲醇、热乙醇、甲醇/氯仿法),以期为黄丝藻细胞的代谢组学分析奠定基础。结果显示:液氮研磨法处理下的黄丝藻细胞破碎效果最佳;根据提取到的代谢物的种类角度出发,冷甲醇法的提取效果要明显优于其他2种提取方法。在黄丝藻细胞中共检测到40种代谢物,包括9种氨基酸、17种有机酸、12种糖类和2种醇类物质。 相似文献
18.
气相色谱测定沉积物中多氯联苯的样品处理方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过比较密闭微波萃取、超声波萃取、索氏提取3种方法对沉积物中多氯联苯(PCBs)提取效率,对比浓硫酸和Florisil小柱两种净化方式的净化效果,在实验基础上建立了密闭微波萃取-Florisil小柱净化-气相色谱(ECD)测定沉积物中多氯联苯的分析方法,加标质量比为0.2ng/g时,其相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.19%～8.71%,回收率为77.3%～94.6%,检出限为0.027～0.064ng/g。采用该方法对威海湾养殖区沉积物中PCBs进行了监测,结果表明本方法适用于海洋沉积物样品中PCBs的测定。 相似文献
19.
Experimental investigation of the harmonic generation by waves over a submerged plate 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Experiments in a wave flume have been performed to analyse the nonlinear interaction between regular gravity waves and a submerged horizontal plate used as breakwater. A new method, based on the Doppler shift generated by a moving probes, has been used to discriminate the incident fundamental mode and the reflected fundamental mode. The relationships of the reflection and transmission coefficients to the wave number at different submergence depth ratios are presented. The accurate discrimination, by this method, of the phase-locked and free modes allows the quantification of the higher harmonics generated by the breakwater and the analysis of the nonlinear interaction between the waves and the submerged plate. The transfer of energy from the fundamental mode to higher harmonics is very large in the cases of small submergence depth ratios. The vortices produced at the edges take part in the production of higher harmonics by interaction with the free surface but involve, at the same time, a dissipation process that increases the efficiency of the breakwater. 相似文献
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利用高效液相色谱技术对江蓠(Gracilariaceae)中类菌孢素氨基酸(MAAs)进行了分析,并采用响应面分析法对MAAs物质的提取工艺进行优化研究。根据正交旋转组合试验设计原理,采用四因素五水平的响应面分析法,依据回归分析确定各因素的显著程度及最优工艺条件。结果表明,江蓠中MAAs的主要成分为porphyra-334;提取温度、浸提时间、甲醇浓度及液固比为影响MAAs物质提取的显著因素。通过多元二次回归拟合模型响应面分析,得到最优工艺条件:提取温度48.12℃,液固比34∶1,甲醇浓度25%,浸提时间1.85 h,优化条件下预测提取率为4.943 mg/g;试验值为4.893 mg/g,试验值与预测值吻合较好,响应面回归模型的准确性得到验证。 相似文献