共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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近几十年,随着卫星测高技术和相关数据精密处理技术发展,依托卫星测高技术业已成为快速获取全球海底地形数据的可靠手段,国内外相关组织机构已发布了一系列全球海底地形模型。整理评述了多款全球海底地形的基本情况,以及相互间的内在联系,包括DBDB系列模型、ETOPO系列模型、Sandwell系列模型、GEBCO系列模型、SRTM+系列模型、EARTH地形球谐系数模型、BAT_VGG模型、BAT_WHU2020模型、STO_IEU2020模型等。通过对全球海底地形模型的认识和梳理,以期为下一步全球海底地形模型高效、低成本构建提供方法参考。 相似文献
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随着测高技术的不断发展,测高海洋重力场的精度不断提高,由其反演计算的海底地形精度也相应提高。利用Sandwell 2014年最新发布主要由Jason-1末期大地测量任务和Cryosat-2观测资料反演的测高重力场V23.1,采用重力地质法(GGM)反演了中国南海海域海底地形模型,并对结果进行了精度评价。该过程中首先直接计算一系列密度差下的反演结果,并通过船测数据检核选定优化的密度差范围,然后利用向下延拓的方法确定了最优密度差异常数为7g/cm3。与船测水深数据相比,反演得到的GGM模型与检核点船测水深数据差值的标准差达到了±70.32m;此外,还计算了由测高重力异常V15.2反演的海底模型,比较这两个模型发现:测高重力场短波部分的改善对海底地形反演精度的提升作用有限,为得到更高精度的海底地形模型,需引入短波更为敏感的重力梯度资料。 相似文献
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海底三维可视化技术及应用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
海底地形地貌能表现海洋世界重要的空间信息,也是常规光学和电磁手段难以探测的水下区域。应用侧扫声纳技术可以反演海底地貌,同时多波束测深技术得到的水深数据重建数字水深模型,二者结合创建三维海底空间景观。利用海洋探测技术和三维可视化技术进行海底地形地貌三维仿真和分析,并对其应用进行探讨。 相似文献
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W. S. D. Wilcock D. R. Toomey G. M. Purdy S. C. Solomon 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1993,15(1):1-12
We present a gridded Sea Beam bathymetric map of a 5100 km2 area between 9° and 10° N on the East Pacific Rise (included as a color separate accompanying this issue). The raw bathymetric data are renavigated using a technique for calculating smooth adjustments to navigation that incorporates absolute constraints from satellite fixes and acoustically-located explosive shots, and relative constraints from the misfit of bathymetric data at ship track crossovers. We describe a back-projection technique for gridding the bathymetric data that incorporates an approximation for the power distribution within a narrow-beam echo sounding system and accounts for the variable uncertainties associated with multi-beam data. The nodal separation of the resulting map is ~ 80 m in both latitude and longitude, and the sampling of grid points within a 60 × 85 km2 region is in excess of 99%. A formal analysis of variance is applied to the gridded bathymetric data. For each grid point, the difference between the variance of data from within a track versus data from between tracks provides an upper bound on the magnitude of bathymetric misfits arising from navigational errors. The renavigation results in an 88% reduction in this quantity. We also examine the effects of renavigation on the misfit of magnetic and gravity data at crossovers and compare our results with other bathymetric surveys. A striking feature of the final bathymetric map is the sinuous regional shape of the rise axis. In plan view, the local trend of morphology sometimes varies by up to 15° and the distances separating changes in morphological trend are about 10–20 km. In cross section the slopes of the rise flanks are notably asymmetric and show some correlation with the offset of the axial magmatic system as detected by seismic methods. 相似文献
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Capabilities of the bathymetric Hawk Eye LiDAR for coastal habitat mapping: A case study within a Basque estuary 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Guillem Chust Maitane Grande Ibon Galparsoro Adolfo Uriarte Ángel Borja 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
The bathymetric LiDAR system is an airborne laser that detects sea bottom at high vertical and horizontal resolutions in shallow coastal waters. This study assesses the capabilities of the airborne bathymetric LiDAR sensor (Hawk Eye system) for coastal habitat mapping in the Oka estuary (within the Biosphere Reserve of Urdaibai, SE Bay of Biscay, northern Spain), where water conditions are moderately turbid. Three specific objectives were addressed: 1) to assess the data quality of the Hawk Eye LiDAR, both for terrestrial and subtidal zones, in terms of height measurement density, coverage, and vertical accuracy; 2) to compare bathymetric LiDAR with a ship-borne multibeam echosounder (MBES) for different bottom types and depth ranges; and 3) to test the discrimination potential of LiDAR height and reflectance information, together with multi-spectral imagery (three visible and near infrared bands), for the classification of 22 salt marsh and rocky shore habitats, covering supralittoral, intertidal and subtidal zones. The bathymetric LiDAR Hawk Eye data enabled the generation of a digital elevation model (DEM) of the Oka estuary, at 2 m of horizontal spatial resolution in the terrestrial zone (with a vertical accuracy of 0.15 m) and at 4 m within the subtidal, extending a water depth of 21 m. Data gaps occurred in 14.4% of the area surveyed with the LiDAR (13.69 km2). Comparison of the LiDAR system and the MBES showed no significant mean difference in depth. However, the Root Mean Square error of the former was high (0.84 m), especially concentrated upon rocky (0.55–1.77 m) rather than in sediment bottoms (0.38–0.62 m). The potential of LiDAR topographic variables and reflectance alone for discriminating 15 intertidal and submerged habitats was low (with overall classification accuracy between 52.4 and 65.4%). In particular, reflectance retrieved for this case study has been found to be not particularly useful for classification purposes. The combination of the LiDAR-based DEM and derived topographical features with the near infrared and visible bands has permitted the mapping of 22 supralittoral, intertidal and subtidal habitats of the Oka estuary, with high overall classification accuracies of between 84.5% and 92.1%, using the maximum likelihood algorithm. The airborne bathymetric Hawk Eye LiDAR, although somewhat limited by water turbidity and wave breaking, provides unique height information obscured from topographic LiDAR and acoustic systems, together with an improvement of the habitat mapping reliability in the complex and dynamic coastal fringe. 相似文献
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DGPS(DifferentialGlobalPositioningSystem)测量技术即差分定位技术,包括实时差分和后处理差分定位技术,正在远海和近海测量中得到广泛应用。后处理差分定位与微波定位及GPS实时差分定位相比,具有作用距离远,不受基准台与船台之问的障碍物影响以及减少基准台等优点。对于近海大比例尺(大于1:1万)测量,可采用实时差分定位的方法,而小于1:1万中小比例尺海底地形图测绘及海上其他工程测量,采用后处理差分定位,既能满足精度要求,又能提高工作效率。本文主要介绍利用DGPS后处理定位方法,在测绘广西沿海1:5万海底地形图中的应用情况。 相似文献
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洋中脊是板块扩张和洋壳增生的主要区域,除了发育沿洋脊走向的裂隙式喷发火山脊,还分布有众多零星的中心式喷发火山锥。这些火山锥的形态和分布对了解洋中脊构造和岩浆活动具有重要的指示意义。基于海底多波束地形数据,采用人工或机器解译方法可以识别这些火山锥。本文利用大洋24航次船载多波束测深获得的卡尔斯伯格脊DEM(数字高程模型)数据,以非监督分类为手段,开展洋中脊火山锥的自动提取方法研究。基于原始DEM计算地形坡度、地表粗糙度、正负地形等衍生参数,进行特征变换,提取火山锥的特征信息。使用ISO(迭代自组织)聚类方法对特征变换后的图像进行聚类分析,并利用景观形状指数进行几何筛选,完成火山锥的自动提取。所使用的海底火山锥自动识别方法,正确率达0.8,重叠率约0.7,识别效果较好,效率高,能够在海底大范围的火山锥解译中发挥重要作用。 相似文献