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1.
产低温纤维素酶海洋嗜冷菌的筛选及研究   总被引:18,自引:2,他引:16       下载免费PDF全文
从黄海的深海海底泥样中筛选出一株产纤维素酶的海洋细菌,初步鉴定为革兰氏阴性杆菌。该菌既能产生羧甲基纤维素酶,又能降解微晶纤维素,互有淀粉酶活。对该菌生长特征及所产纤维素酶的性质进行了初步研究。此菌最适生长温度为20℃,最高生长温度为40℃,在0℃也能生长,是典型的嗜冷菌。该菌所产纤维素酶最适反应温度为35℃,10℃仍有较高酶活,最适pH值为6.0,属酸性酶。  相似文献   

2.
褐藻酸降解酶的制备及其性质研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
通过培养褐藻酸降解菌交替单胞菌(Alteromonas sp.)菌株H-1使其产酶,研究了该酶的性质。结果表明,该菌在25℃培养72h时产酶量最高。褐藻酸酶作用的最适底物质量分数为1%~2%。最适pH值为7.5,最适反应温度为40℃,温度升高酶活力急剧下降。  相似文献   

3.
本文对从健康的凡纳滨对虾、日本囊对虾肠道中初步分离得到的58株菌进行产蛋白酶能力测试,筛选得到产酶能力较强的3株菌,经生理生化和16SrDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(SDMG9)、沙福芽孢杆菌(SDVG4)及蜡样芽孢杆菌(SQVG9)。生长及产酶条件优化表明菌株SDMG9的最适生长温度为28-40℃、pH为5.5-6.5、盐度为0-20,最适产酶温度为28℃、pH为9.5、盐度为0;菌株SDVG4的最适生长温度为28-40℃、pH为5.5-8.5、盐度为10-20,最适产酶温度为40℃、pH为5.5、盐度为10;菌株SQVG9的最适生长温度为28-40℃、pH为6.5-8.5、盐度为0-20,最适产酶温度为28℃、pH为7.5、盐度为10。经溶血试验与药敏试验检测表明三株菌均无显著溶血圈且所含耐药因子较少,不具备潜在的致病性,为后续对虾肠道益生菌的筛选及应用提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

4.
从印度洋深海热液区沉积物中筛选到一株耐盐菌,菌株形态呈杆状,长1.5~2.0 μm,宽0.5~0.7 μm,属革兰氏阴性菌,生长适温为4~55 ℃,最适为35 ℃;pH测试范围为4.0~10.5,最适为7.0;测试NaCl浓度为0~5.13 mol/L,最适为0.86 mol/L,该菌属于兼性厌氧菌.经16S rDNA鉴定该菌属于γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)盐单胞菌属(Halomonas),命名为Halomonas sp. YD-7.该菌与菌株Halomonas sp. ANT9086在进化位置上最为接近,同源性达98.1%,有可能是新种.对该菌株的生理生化特性进行了研究,发现该菌具有很强的适应能力,对温度、盐度和氧气的适应范围广.该菌株还具有很强的耐受和去除Mn2+的能力及一定的耐受和去除Cr6+的能力.表明该菌在污水处理与生物修复方面可能具有重要的应用价值.  相似文献   

5.
室内条件下,通过单因素实验设计方法,研究了温度(18、22、26、30、34℃)和盐度(15、20、25、30、35)对栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)受精卵孵化及早期幼虫生长与存活的影响。研究表明:栉江珧受精卵的适宜孵化温度为22~30℃,最适温度为26℃(孵化率为73%);适宜孵化盐度为25~30,最适盐度为30(孵化率为70%)。栉江珧早期幼虫生长的适宜温度为22~30℃,最适温度为26℃(壳长日生长率为4.7μm/d,存活率为50%(7d));适宜盐度为20~30,最适盐度为25(壳长日生长率为4.5μm/d,存活率为55%(7d))。研究结果表明:栉江珧受精卵孵化的适宜温、盐条件为温度22~30℃,盐度25~30;早期幼虫生长发育的适宜温、盐条件为温度22~30℃,盐度20~30。本研究为栉江珧人工育苗提供了重要的基础资料。  相似文献   

6.
原绿球藻(prochlorococcus sp.)是一种海水单细胞藻类,个体小(平均长径0.8μm,宽0.5μm),生长繁殖迅速,是水产养殖中一种新的理想生物饵料。笔者在实验室条件下.研究了温度、光照和营养盐成分(氮、磷、铁单因子试验和氮、磷、铁正交试验)对这种原绿球藻生长繁殖的影响,以确定该藻的最适生态条件。单因子试验结果表明:原绿球藻适宜生长的温度为10~30℃.最适温度为25~30℃;适宜生长的光照范围为20~200μmol/m~2s.最适光照为20~40μmol/m~2s;适宜生长的N、P、Fe含量浓度分别为0~30 mg/L、0~3.0 mg/L、0~1.0 mg/L,最适浓度分别为N-5~30 mg/L、P—0.5~1.5 mg/L、Fe—0.6~1.0mg/L。正交试验结果表明:Fe对藻的生长影响极显著,N对藻的生长影响显著,P作用不显著。N和P交互作用显著,N和Fe、P和Fe交互作用不显著。最优水平组合为N-30mg/L、P—1.5mg/ L、Fe-0.8mg/L。  相似文献   

7.
从西菲律宾海底4954 m深的沉积物中分离到一批深海细菌,对其中编号为B2、B5、B6的3株细菌进行了生理、光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察,并且进行了分子水平鉴定。菌落呈圆球形,光滑,3株菌均带有颜色, B6菌呈乳白色, B2和 B5菌分别呈现鲜艳的橙色和红色。扫描电镜观察表明 B2和B6呈杆状,但B6菌外面覆有鞘膜, B5菌呈球状。生理实验表明,3株菌温度生长范围在37℃以下,最适生长温度分别为20、28、28℃,属于耐冷菌范畴。pH耐受范围为6~14,最适pH分别为8、8、12。3株细菌16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析表明,它们分属于芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、节杆菌(Arthrobacter)、蛋白菌(Acinetobacter)3个不同的菌属。  相似文献   

8.
深海适冷菌SM9913产生的低温蛋白酶   总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14  
从1855m深的深海泥样中分离纯化得到200多株分泌蛋白酶的适冷菌,其中3株产低温蛋白酶,本文对其中一株Pseudomonas sp.SM9913(P.SM9913)生长的适冷性和它产生的蛋白酶的适低温特性进行了研究。该菌株能够在0℃正常生长,其最适生长温度为15℃,最高生长温度为35℃。为一株适冷菌。该菌株所产蛋白酶的比合成速率在10℃时最高,催化酪蛋白水解的最适温度为35℃,在0℃仍具有3%的酶活力。最适pH为8.0。该蛋白酶的热稳定性很低,在40℃保温10min即丧失85%的活力,40℃时的半衰期为6min,为一典型的低温酶。抑制剂试验表明,该蛋白酶为金属蛋白酶。  相似文献   

9.
美国红鱼“腐皮病”病原的初步研究   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
从有典型“腐皮病”症状的美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)中分离到一株优势菌。人工感染菌液浓度为10^8CFU/mL时,可致健康美国红鱼出现与自然发病相似的症状,且100%死亡,确认该分离菌为美国红鱼“腐皮病”的致病菌。该菌的主要生理生化特征为革兰氏染色阴性,0/129(150μg)敏感,TCBS上生长呈黄色,氧化酶阳性,伏-普二试验阴性,葡萄糖产酸不产气,蔗糖发酵阳性,甘露糖发酵阳性,阿拉伯糖发酵阳性,肌醇阴性,赖氨酸阴性,精氨酸阳性,鸟氨酸阴性,硝酸盐还原阳性,七叶灵水解阴性,ONPG阳性,有动力,在盐度0~60生长,80和100不生长,30~40℃生长,4℃、45℃不生长,鉴定该菌为河流弧菌(Vibrio fluvialis)。药敏试验表明,该菌对多粘菌素B、四环素、痢特灵敏感;对卡那霉素、链霉素、复方新诺明、呋喃妥咽、庆大霉素、菌必治不敏感;对氟霉素、青霉素、氨苄青霉素、氟哌酸、环丙沙星、利福平中度敏感。  相似文献   

10.
从海边污泥中分离得到一株高效絮凝剂产生菌HY-20,经鉴定为假单孢菌。通过碳、氮源及初始pH等培养条件试验研究,获得了该菌株生产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件:最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为脲+酵母膏;初始pH值为7~8,温度为30℃,摇床转速130 rad/min,培养时间为72 h,絮凝率可达95%;絮凝剂有效絮凝成分主要存在于分泌物中。  相似文献   

11.
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.  相似文献   

12.
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.  相似文献   

13.
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.  相似文献   

14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。  相似文献   

15.
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.  相似文献   

16.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.  相似文献   

17.
18.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,  相似文献   

19.
20.
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.  相似文献   

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