共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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海水中有色可溶性有机物(CDOM,Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter,常称之为黄色物质)是影响海洋水色的三大成分之一,海水中CDOM的研究具有重要的意义。本文针对CDOM水下原位探测激光诱导荧光光谱探测装置开发了一套控制系统,该控制系统分为水上甲板控制和水下数据采集两部分,水上甲板控制部分通过8芯电缆与水下数据采集部分实现供电及通信,水下数据采集部分以PC104嵌入式工控机为核心,控制整体采集部分的工作,甲板控制部分通过远程控制软件来操控PC104以实现水下数据的采集和存储。实验室环境测试及近海现场实验表明,该系统能够可靠完成水下荧光光谱装置的控制和数据的采集及通信需求,实现海水中有色可溶性有机物的水下原位探测。 相似文献
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有害赤潮发生频度有逐年增加的趋势, 建设赤潮的早期监测和预警系统是一个难点。文章研究表明, 珠江口赤潮前后, 叶绿素a浓度和细胞密度变化范围分别为0.9—31.1mg•m-3 和1.28×104 —1.76×106cell•L-1, 优势藻为聚生角毛藻; 高光谱辐射计获取的光漫射衰减系数、遥感反射率和荧光强度可反演叶绿素a浓度和细胞密度, 其中反演叶绿素a浓度的平均相对均方根差(RRMS)为30.6%、33.8%和77.4%, 而反演细胞密度的平均RRMS为83.6%、83.9%和136.4%。因高光谱辐射计可以获取每小时或者更短时间尺度的数据, 因此, 装备了高光谱辐射计的光学浮标可用于赤潮监测与预警系统。 相似文献
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文中设计的光学浮标采用了柱状浮体, 提出了自由旋转的马鞍链结构。理论计算结果表明, 该光学浮标一是初稳性高度大, 二是光学浮标重心位于浮心之下, 浮标的摇摆角较小, 抗倾斜及倾覆能力强。海上试验结果表 明, 对于风力7节、浪高3—4m以下的海况, 浮标倾角≤5°的次数占总采样次数的 54%, 浮标倾角≤10°的次数占总采样次数的83%, 浮标性能较好地满足了水下光辐射测量的技术要求。为减小阴影效应带来的光辐射测量误差, 文中采用了两种解决方法: 一是伸臂结构解决浮标体阴影的影响, 当太阳天顶角为0°时, 在近岸或者清洁水体中浮标体阴影引起的向上辐亮度测量误差分别不大于4% 和1%; 二是光纤光谱仪测量技术减少仪器自阴影的影响, 设计的光谱辐照度和辐亮度光学探头直径均为0.042m, 当水体光束衰减系数为0.12m-1, 太阳天顶角为10°时, 自阴影引起的向上辐亮度测量误差仅为1.5%。 相似文献
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针对移动式海洋地震仪对控制系统电路设计的可靠性和低功耗的需求,提出了一种基于Cortex-M4内核芯片的硬件电路设计方案。首先选用超低功耗的STM32L4芯片作为微控制单元,在保证高运行能力的同时降低自身功耗;其次针对MCU(Microprogrammed Control Unit)、传感器等超低功耗模块提出针对性的两级降压方案,从而大大提高电路的电能转换效率;对于浮力调节模块、通信模块等高功耗模块,选用合适的降压芯片保证电路安全和提高转换效率;最后针对外部设备的周围电路进行滤波和保护处理。通过试验分别验证了不同模块的可靠性,证明该硬件电路可以支撑地震仪完成完整的观测任务,电路设计可靠性高。 相似文献
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我国的海洋活动逐步向远海开展,对海洋观测技术提出了新的要求。基于GNSS的动态后处理差分测量技术,提出了一种新型远距离验潮系统。建立了基于PC104总线的模块化潮汐测量系统硬件,基于LabVIEW语言开发了与验潮系统硬件相匹配的软件,实现了潮汐测量过程中数据采集、数据处理和设备监控等功能。将该系统安装于国内某大型海洋浮标,在离岸约200km的海域开展了潮汐测量实验,通过GNSS数据解算、高程修正、滤波和潮位提取等数据处理步骤得到潮位数据。将系统测量的潮位结果与经典潮汐模型的潮位模拟数据相比,发现二者具有良好的一致性,整体潮位测量精度为4.6cm。 相似文献
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根据2004年9月18日—10月2日南海北部航次所获得的表层浮游植物群数据, 对其组成及数量分布进行了探讨分析。该次调查鉴定浮游植物共53属152种(含变种和变型), 分别属于硅藻门35属88种、甲藻门15属60种、蓝藻门1属2种及金藻门1属1种等; 优势种中分布较广泛的有柔弱伪菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima、反曲原甲藻Prorocentrum sigmoides、微小原甲藻P. mininum、锥状施克里普藻Scrippsiella trochoidea和红海束毛藻Trichodesmium erythraeum等; 浮游植物细胞丰度的数量范围为(0.11—23.61)×106cells•m-3, 呈现近岸区域高于远岸区域的平面分布格局, 最大值和最小值分别出现在海南岛东北部海域的E506站和海南岛东南部海域的B3站; 浮游植物物种丰富度也是近岸的站点较高, 以靠近珠江口E708站的51种为最多。硅藻类细胞丰度范围为(0.02—8.13)×106cells•m-3, 主要分布在高盐的外海水域, 其中产二甲基磺酸丙酯(DMSP)的小环藻Cyclotella spp.在多个站点出现; 甲藻类以近岸水域居多, 细胞丰度最高达15.67×106cells•m-3(E506站), 其中数量较多的赤潮种类主要有锥状施克里普藻、反曲原甲藻、微小原甲藻、环沟藻Gyrodinium spp.等; 固氮的红海束毛藻在调查海域广泛分布, 但主要集中于东部, 以E206站最多, 高达1.8×107cells•m-3。结合水文资料和其他层次的浮游植物资料进行对比分析, 结果表明, 红海束毛藻的分布与黑潮水的入侵存在一定关系, 其分布受水团和海流的影响。 相似文献
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在三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)的单体筐养养殖系统中, 试验了生态掩体(砂盒)中不同的砂粒粒径大小以及砂层厚度对梭子蟹幼蟹摄食行为与生长特性的影响。砂粒粒径设三个水平,分别为: >2mm、<0.2mm 以及混合砂; 砂层厚度有0cm、2cm、5cm、8cm 四个水平。试验共进行6天, 结果表明: 砂粒粒径及砂层厚度对梭子蟹幼蟹的摄食与生长都有明显的影响。从砂粒粒径看, 幼蟹在细砂(SPS)中挖洞休息, 蟹体与砂面呈30—45°角, 仅露眼睛及触角在外。一天内有3—6 次进食,总进食时间为(142.7±22.52)min, 在摄食次数、总进食时间、平均摄食量[(0.2427±0.0137) g/gBW]、以及蜕皮及成活率都远高于其它粒径组, 该组中幼蟹的体重增长最快, 增加了(0.814±0.113)g, 增长率为91.5%±3.43%; 而该组的饵料系数(FCR)最低为1.17±0.11。因此, 筐养养殖系统砂掩体的砂粒粒径最好为0.2 mm 以下。砂层厚度也有类似结果, 5 cm 以上厚度养殖效果最佳。平均摄食量为(0.2087±0.0046) g/gBW, 该厚度下, 幼蟹无死亡、100%蜕皮, 体重也增加最快, 增加了(0.791±0.121)g, 增长率为88.9%±3.74%, 饵料系数(FCR)达到1.37±0.23, 表明筐养系统掩体中砂层厚度要在5 cm 以上。三种保护性酶类(SOD, POD, CAT)活性随着砂粒粒径变小和砂层厚度增加而降低, 而消化酶类(淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂酶)活性则表现与保护性酶类相反特性。从两类酶的活性变化也能证实, 在优选条件下(细砂、厚度>5 cm), 幼蟹所受的胁迫在降低。 相似文献
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根据历史文献分析，已知南海海名最早出现于周宣王（827BC--782BC在位）时的《江汉》诗中。秦汉之间214BC—111BC时著的《山海经·海内东经》篇，记述了现时广东省三水和广州以南地区当时为海，称南海。这可从《史记》和《汉书》的记述，以及现代珠江三角洲的考古学、第四纪地质学和河口演变的研究成果所证实。南海古时别名涨海，明清时期外国人称为大明海和大清海。清朝以来，外国人把它翻译成（或称作）英文“South China Sea”，而近代某些中国人再把这个英文名词直译成汉文“南中国海”，忽视“南海”固有的中文名称。民国和中华人民共和国政府先后出版的地图和其他正式出版物，皆只用“南海”名。 相似文献
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The geographic and bathymetric distribution of “ostur”, that is mass occurrences of large-sized astrophorid demosponges, first recognized at the Faroe Islands during the internordic BIOFAR programme (Marine Benthic Fauna of the Faroe Islands), are mapped for the northeast Atlantic. This is done on the basis of information obtained during the sampling of the BIOICE programme (Benthic Invertebrates in Icelandic Waters) as well as during cruises at Karmoy (southwest Norway), the Trondheim Fjord (middle Norway), the Koster area (southwest Sweden) and the Denmark Strait (southeast Greenland). In addition, information has been acquired from Nordic and German biologists and fishermen regarding the occurrence of “ostur”. These data together with the sparse information in the literature show that the geographic distribution of the “ostur” areas follows two band-shaped arcs, defined by the Norwegian Atlantic Current and the Irminger Current. The local occurrence of “ostur” is, however, to a great extent dependent on areas of variable topography where a hard bottom is present.The results show that two main types of “ostur” can be recognized in the northeast Atlantic. Firstly a boreal “ostur” which is dominated by Geodia barretti, Geodia macandrewi, Geodia atlantica, Isops phlegraei, Stryphnus ponderosus and Stelletta normani, and occurs around the Faroe Islands, Norway, Sweden, parts of the western Barents Sea and south of Iceland. Secondly a cold water “ostur” characterized by the same genera but represented by different species, viz. Geodia mesotriaena, Isops phlegraei pyriformis and Stelletta rhaphidiophora, which is found north of Iceland, in most of the Denmark Strait, off East Greenland and north of Spitzbergen. A number of hexactinellid species are also represented in the cold water “ostur”, the most frequently occurring being Schaudinnia rosea.Suggestions are given regarding the possible causes for observed changes in the distribution of “ostur” as well as to the biological importance of these areas. 相似文献
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the nonlinear ship roll motion equation and the main parameters that induce ship capsizing in beam seas, estimate the survival probability of a ferry in random seas and to find out a risk assessment method for the ship’s intact stability. A single degree of freedom (1-DOF) dynamic system of ship rolling in beam seas is investigated and the nonlinear differential equation is solved in the time domain by the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm. The survival probability of a ferry in beam seas is investigated using the theory of “safe basin”. The survival probability is calculated by estimating erosion of “safe basin” during ship rolling motion by Monte Carlo simulations. From the results it can be concluded that the survival probability of a ship in beam sea condition can be predicted by combining Monte Carlo simulations and the theory of “safe basin”. 相似文献
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Nikolay P. Nezlin Paul M. DiGiacomo Dario W. Diehl Burton H. Jones Scott C. Johnson Michael J. Mengel Kristen M. Reifel Jonathan A. Warrick Menghua Wang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
Stormwater plumes in the southern California coastal ocean were detected by MODIS-Aqua satellite imagery and compared to ship-based data on surface salinity and fecal indicator bacterial (FIB) counts collected during the Bight'03 Regional Water Quality Program surveys in February–March of 2004 and 2005. MODIS imagery was processed using a combined near-infrared/shortwave-infrared (NIR-SWIR) atmospheric correction method, which substantially improved normalized water-leaving radiation (nLw) optical spectra in coastal waters with high turbidity. Plumes were detected using a minimum-distance supervised classification method based on nLw spectra averaged within the training areas, defined as circular zones of 1.5–5.0-km radii around field stations with a surface salinity of S < 32.0 (“plume”) and S > 33.0 (“ocean”). The plume optical signatures (i.e., the nLw differences between “plume” and “ocean”) were most evident during the first 2 days after the rainstorms. To assess the accuracy of plume detection, stations were classified into “plume” and “ocean” using two criteria: (1) “plume” included the stations with salinity below a certain threshold estimated from the maximum accuracy of plume detection; and (2) FIB counts in “plume” exceeded the California State Water Board standards. The salinity threshold between “plume” and “ocean” was estimated as 32.2. The total accuracy of plume detection in terms of surface salinity was not high (68% on average), seemingly because of imperfect correlation between plume salinity and ocean color. The accuracy of plume detection in terms of FIB exceedances was even lower (64% on average), resulting from low correlation between ocean color and bacterial contamination. Nevertheless, satellite imagery was shown to be a useful tool for the estimation of the extent of potentially polluted plumes, which was hardly achievable by direct sampling methods (in particular, because the grids of ship-based stations covered only small parts of the plumes detected via synoptic MODIS imagery). In most southern California coastal areas, the zones of bacterial contamination were much smaller than the areas of turbid plumes; an exception was the plume of the Tijuana River, where the zone of bacterial contamination was comparable with the zone of plume detected by ocean color. 相似文献
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Masanori Kurihara Akihiko SatoKunihiro Funatsu Hisanao OuchiYoshihiro Masuda Hideo NaritaTimothy S. Collett 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(2):502-516
Targeting the methane hydrate (MH) bearing units C and D at the Mount Elbert prospect on the Alaska North Slope, four MDT (Modular Dynamic Formation Tester) tests were conducted in February 2007. The C2 MDT test was selected for history matching simulation in the MH Simulator Code Comparison Study. Through history matching simulation, the physical and chemical properties of the unit C were adjusted, which suggested the most likely reservoir properties of this unit. Based on these properties thus tuned, the numerical models replicating “Mount Elbert C2 zone like reservoir”, “PBU L-Pad like reservoir” and “PBU L-Pad down dip like reservoir” were constructed. The long term production performances of wells in these reservoirs were then forecasted assuming the MH dissociation and production by the methods of depressurization, combination of depressurization and wellbore heating, and hot water huff and puff. The predicted cumulative gas production ranges from 2.16 × 106 m3/well to 8.22 × 108 m3/well depending mainly on the initial temperature of the reservoir and on the production method.This paper describes the details of modeling and history matching simulation. This paper also presents the results of the examinations on the effects of reservoir properties on MH dissociation and production performances under the application of the depressurization and thermal methods. 相似文献
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In 1999, 2003 and 2007 macrofauna communities were sampled in three different areas (“Boxes”) of 10 × 10 nautical miles in the northern North Sea in order to study the temporal changes in community structure in relation to changes in temperature or changes in hydrography. 相似文献
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The management implications of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) cover the interactions and two-way effects between the ecosystem and local residents. Hence, support or resistance from stakeholders is critical to management effectiveness. The inclusion of the perspectives of stakeholders into the MPAs of sustainable utilization can reduce opposition and conflict, improving the effectiveness of MPA management through the input of local residents. This study used interviews, questionnaire surveys, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process to obtain the opinions of different groups regarding the choices and preferences of stakeholders in the assessed factors of the sustainable utilization of MPAs in Green Island, Taiwan. The results showed that the stakeholder groups have a consensus on the “completeness of ecosystems,” “processing of wastes and pollutants,” and “integrated management.” These results provide insight into the varying perspectives held by individual groups, accelerating the integration of different opinions in order to facilitate appropriate solutions and smooth negotiations. 相似文献