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1.
在寒冷地区,海冰在核电站取水结构物前的堆积会对取水口造成阻塞和损坏,进而影响核电设备的正常运作。以红沿河核电站的取水设施为例,综合考虑该工程海域冰区特点及风和流的作用等因素。建立了海冰的离散元模型,用于模拟海冰在结构物前的堆积和破坏过程。该离散元模型由规则排列的球体颗粒构成,颗粒间采用平行黏结模型进行黏结。考虑了海冰的平均尺寸、密集度及流速三个因素对海冰堆积过程的影响,对海冰堆积高度进行预判。其中,堆积高度随海冰的密集度和流速的增大而增大,而海冰的平均尺寸对堆积高度没有明显影响。分析结果表明,离散元数值模拟可用于评估和预测取水工程中海冰堆积造成堵塞的风险。  相似文献   

2.
锥角对锥体结构抗冰性能影响的离散元分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
龙雪  宋础  季顺迎  王跃方 《海洋工程》2018,36(6):92-100
在寒区海洋工程中,锥体海洋结构的尺寸参数对其破冰性能具有重要影响。采用具有黏结-破碎功能的离散元方法模拟海冰与锥体结构的相互作用过程中海冰的破坏模式及冰载荷分析。该离散元方法的计算参数通过与渤海油气平台的实测数据对比进行了可靠性验证。在此基础上,当设计海域的潮差固定时,对不同锥角下风电单桩锥体结构的冰载荷和海冰破坏模式进行了离散元分析。计算结果表明:锥体冰载荷随锥角的增大而增大,海冰的平均断裂长度则随锥角的增大而减小;当锥角小于70°时海冰的破碎模式主要为弯曲破坏,而当锥角大于70°时海冰破坏模式则主要为挤压破碎。以上研究结果可为冰区海上风电单桩结构的抗冰锥设计提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
重力式平台由于其自身特点,在中国海域有很好的应用前景.海冰作为1种不可避免的环境灾害,对重力式平台的破坏作用是不可忽视的.在重力式平台的设计和应用中必须充分考虑海冰的影响.海冰的破坏主要有静力的挤压破坏和瞬间的冲击破坏.本文考虑浅海重力式平台的建造特点,应用大型有限元分析软件Ansys对浅海重力式平台进行建模,模型建立后分别进行海冰的静动力分析.所得结果进行比较,得到在相同海冰情况下,其对重力式平台的静力挤压破坏要大于瞬时冲击破坏,在设计中应充分考虑海冰对结构物的挤压破坏.所得到的结论对重力式平台建造和应用有一定的指导意义.  相似文献   

4.
冰脊对极地船舶及海洋工程结构的冰载荷设计及冰区安全运行具有重要的影响,其几何形态是重要的考虑因素。为研究冰脊的几何形态,本文基于Voronoi切割算法构造扩展多面体海冰单元,并使其相互冻结形成平整冰;采用离散单元法模拟海冰在相对运动时挤压形成冰脊的动力过程,统计分析脊帆高度、龙骨宽度、龙骨深度、龙骨水平倾角等主要几何参数,并确定这些几何参数间的对应关系。将离散元模拟结果同冰脊现场观测资料对比分析以验证扩展多面体离散元方法模拟冰脊形成过程的可行性。在此基础上讨论冰厚、冰速、海冰强度等因素对冰脊形态的影响。本文采用离散元方法对冰脊形成过程及几何特性的数值分析可为深入开展冰脊的形成机理及其对船舶、海洋工程结构物的冰载荷分析提供参考依据。  相似文献   

5.
渤海莱州湾和黄河口附近海冰剪切强度的试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
剪切强度是海冰的基本力学性质,直接影响到冰区结构物冰荷载的确定以及海冰在动力演变过程中的破坏行为。采用侧限单面剪切试验对渤海莱州湾和黄河口的海冰进行了剪切强度测试,分析了温度、卤水体积、剪切应力率的影响。结果表明,海冰剪切强度随冰温的降低和剪切应力率的增大而呈线性增长,而与卤水体积的平方根呈幂函数降低。在此基础上,综合考虑卤水体积和剪切应力率的影响,对海冰剪切强度进行了双参数拟合,为研究海冰剪切破坏机理提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

6.
辽东湾近岸堆积冰表面形态特征分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
2005 年 1 月在辽东湾盘锦市附近的海滨进行了堆积冰表面形态的现场调查.使用全站仪测量了 5 条不同起伏程度的堆积冰表面轮廓剖面,利用表面起伏高度数据和表面轮廓线在平均高度处的切角数据分析了堆积冰表面形态特征.对堆积冰区内的 3 个冰脊进行了内部层状结构观测,外部破碎冰块尺寸测量和 1 个冰脊涨、落潮时表面高度变化测量.利用这些数据,描述了冰脊内的分层结构;统计分析了冰脊外表层的破碎冰块尺寸并得到描述它们的主要参数值.此外,对冰脊涨、落潮时的表面形态进行了三维仿真绘图并计算了其表面形态参数.  相似文献   

7.
基于非线性有限元分析方法和LS-DYNA计算软件,使用黏聚单元法建立层冰的数值模型,并进行了层冰与锥形立柱相互作用的数值模拟,研究抗冰锥角、冰厚等参数对立柱所受冰载荷的影响。模拟结果与实测和试验结果吻合良好。研究结果表明:使用黏聚单元法建立的层冰模型可以较好地模拟出层冰的破碎和堆积过程,冰载荷计算结果与ISO冰力标准结果以及离散单元法计算结果吻合较好;锥形立柱的抗冰锥角大小对冰载荷影响明显,随着锥角增大,水平方向的最大冰力增大而竖直方向上最大冰力减小;锥形结构改变了碰撞过程中层冰的破坏形式;结构物所受冰力大小与层冰厚度呈正相关,且增加速度接近线性。  相似文献   

8.
海冰作用力的模拟实验   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
本文简要地介绍了冰模拟实验技术的概况和发展,然后介绍了辽东湾抗冰平台的冰力模型实验,实验是在1987年竣工并投入运转的天津大学冰池实验室中进行的。文章介绍了实验设备,模型冰技术和一些主要的实验成果,例如冰排在结构物前的破坏形式、冰力值、冰力时间历程和它的特征频率。最后,还把实验结果与理论计算结果进行了比较。  相似文献   

9.
为了探究岛屿周围珊瑚礁在抵御海啸灾害中的作用,采用激波捕捉类Boussinesq模型FUNWAVE-TVD,对孤立波在理想化三维岛礁地形上的传播及爬坡开展了现场尺度的平面二维数值模拟,分析了入射波高、礁坪水深、礁坪宽度、礁前斜坡坡度、礁后斜坡坡度、珊瑚礁糙率对岛屿四周孤立波爬高分布的影响。结果表明,珊瑚礁的存在总体上可有效降低岛屿四周孤立波的最大爬坡高度;入射波高、礁坪水深、礁坪宽度、珊瑚礁糙率是影响珊瑚岛礁四周孤立波爬坡分布的主要因素,岛礁四周最大爬坡高度会随入射波高和礁坪水深的增大、礁坪宽度和珊瑚礁糙率的减小而不断增大;当礁坪水深增大到一定程度时,珊瑚礁主要会对岛屿背浪面的爬高失去影响,而当礁坪宽度和珊瑚礁糙率减小至一定程度时,会出现岛礁四周最大爬高高于无珊瑚礁时爬高的现象;礁后斜坡的变缓会使岛礁周围的最大爬高有所减小,而礁前斜坡坡度对珊瑚岛礁周围的最大爬高几乎没有影响。  相似文献   

10.
冰排在锥面上的断裂长度   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
李锋  于晓 《海洋工程》2002,20(4):63-67,77
依据简化的窄锥冰力模型给出了冰排在锥面上弯曲断裂长度的分析解和无量纲参数(长厚比k)形式给出的结果。由此方法可得到与现场观测结果大体吻合的理论预测值。根据分析解,相关影响因素主要是冰排爬坡的阻力;取决于坡角和接触表面性质;其次是极限破坏时的接触宽度,与相互作用的过程相关,与相近分析模型的解及国外模型试验结果进行比较,说明提出的方程适用的主要范围是窄锥结构,并应满足弯曲变形的小挠度条件。  相似文献   

11.
The ride-up and pile-up of sea ice have effects on the ice load of marine structure. The ride-up angle is an important parameter to study the process of ride-up and to determine the possibility of the ride-up to occur. Some conclusions about the ride-up angle are drawn based on field-survey data in this paper. Thirty hummocks with full structure, formed by 0.4-1.6 cm ice layers, were investigated in the Liaohe Estuary of the north of Liaodong Bay. After analyzing the cross-sections of the pile-up body, some conclusions on the ride-up angle are reached. The results indicate that whether the ride-up occurs or not is associated with the slope angle of the hummock. If the slope angle is greater than 10.31° , the ride-up can take place. With the development of riding-up and piling-up, if the slope angle increases to 40.0° , the climbing-up process will stop and the drifting ice begins to accumulate in front of the hummock. The climbing process does not continue until a new slope angle, which is less than 28.0° , is formed. Meanwhile, the forming process of hummocks, which aremade up of 10.0 cmor 22.0 cmice layers, is proved to follow the rule.  相似文献   

12.
This paper proposes a method to structurally identify inherent dynamic characteristics based on long-term monitored acceleration data of nonlinear offshore platforms under sea-ice excitation. Not all the inherent characteristics can be excited due to the randomness of ice loading and its limited bandwidth. However, the long-term monitored data can reflect most of the conditions of sea-ice excitation. The change of natural characteristics of the platform under ice loads can be identified by analyzing of long-term monitored data. A nonlinear system of two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) is simulated to identify dynamic characteristics and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The method is applied to analyze the acceleration data caused by ice-induction at a jacket platform in Liaodong Bay. The inherent characteristics of the structure can be identified and its variation under different ice-load intensities is summarized.  相似文献   

13.
渤海沿岸固定冰粗糙特征的实测研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The surface roughness characteristics(e.g., height and slope) of sea ice are critical for determining the parameters of an electromagnetic scattering, a surface emission and a surface drag coefficients. It is also important in identifying various ice types, retrieval ice thickness, surface temperature and drag coefficients from remote sensing data. The point clouds(a set of points which are usually defined by X, Y, and Z coordinates that represents the external surface of an object on earth) of land fast ice in five in situ sites in the eastern coast Bohai Sea were measured using a laser scanner-Trimble GX during 2011–2012 winter season. Two hundred and fifty profiles selected from the point clouds of different samples have been used to calculate the height root mean square, height skewness, height kurtosis, slope root mean square, slope skewness and slope kurtosis of them. The root mean square of the height, the root mean square of the slope and the correlation length are about 0.090, 0.075 and 11.74 m, respectively. The heights of 150 profiles in three sites manifest the Gaussian distribution and the slopes of total 250 profiles distributed exponentially. In addition, the fractal dimension and power spectral density profiles were calculated. The results show that the fractal dimension of land fast ice in the Bohai Sea is about 1.132. The power spectral densities of 250 profiles can be expressed through an exponential autocorrelation function.  相似文献   

14.
基于极限分析上限方法的海底斜坡稳定性评价   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
刘博  年廷凯  刘敏  郑德凤  宋雷  印萍 《海洋学报》2016,38(7):135-143
极限平衡法仍是当前海底斜坡稳定性的主要工程评价方法,但该法只能给出稳定性分析的近似解答。基于极限分析运动学定理,假定海底斜坡发生对数螺线型滑移破坏模式,将滑体有效自重和简化波浪力等以外荷载形式叠加引入到虚功率方程中,与潜在滑动面上由黏聚力产生的内能耗散率相平衡,建立考虑一阶简化波浪效应的海底斜坡上限解法;利用多变量无导数求极值的逐级迭代方法与最优化技术,结合抗剪强度折减思想,求解波浪加载下不同时刻的海底斜坡稳定性与相应的临界破坏机构,并针对典型算例开展有限元数值解的验证。进而联合采用数值法与上限解,探讨波高、波长、水深等波浪参数对海底斜坡稳定性与滑动机制的影响。结果表明,本文提出的上限解与数值解吻合较好,获得的安全系数与破坏模式等符合一般规律,为波浪作用下海底斜坡的稳定性评价提供了新的途径。  相似文献   

15.
The stabilization of slopes by placing piles is one of the most innovative and effective slope reinforcement techniques in the coastal engineering in recent years. Due to the simplicity and efficiency, limit analysis method is the most common approach for assessing the stability of slopes. However, the majority of existing limit analysis methods is limited to slope without the presence of piles. In this technical note, a novel upper-bound limit analysis method was proposed to access the stability of three-dimensional slopes reinforced with piles incorporating the admissible rotational failure mechanism where toe failure, face failure, and base failure were taken into account. The effects of key designing parameters, e.g., pile location, pile spacing, slope angle, slope width on the stability of earth slopes, and geometry of critical slip surface were presented and discussed. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is more appropriate for assessing the stability of slopes reinforced with piles and can be also utilized in the design of piles stabilizing the unstable slopes.  相似文献   

16.
季顺迎  岳前进 《海洋学报》2003,25(2):114-119
利用辽东湾JZ20-2海域的海冰现场监测和数值推算资料,确定了海冰的厚度、速度和弯曲强度等海冰参数的概率分布特征;通过构造锥体结构动冰力函数,对该海域锥体平台结构的疲劳冰荷载进行了蒙特卡洛模拟.统计结果表明冰力幅值和冰力周期均符合对数正态分布.为更加合理地确定锥体平台结构的疲劳冰荷载,对冰力幅值和周期进行了联合概率分析.研究成果可用于辽东湾JZ20-2海域锥体平台结构的可靠性设计和疲劳寿命评估。  相似文献   

17.
渤海平整海冰多角度反射光谱特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
近些年来,遥感技术在渤海海冰的监测中发挥了举足轻重的作用。海冰的反射特征是利用光学遥感监测海冰的基础。在晴空条件下,对盛冰期渤海辽东湾东部3种典型的平整海冰的半球-方向反射率因子(hemispherical directional reflectance factor,HDRF)进行了测量,并计算了相应的各向异性因子(anisotropy factor,ANIF),结果表明,只有在太阳光入射主平面内的前向反射方向附近,半球-方向反射率因子与各向异性因子才会迅速增加,而在其他方向上两者的变化不明显。平整海冰的厚度和内部结构等因素会影响HDRF和ANIF随波长变化的特征,在350~1 350 nm波段,厚度较小且表面光滑的平整海冰的HDRF值相对较小,而厚度较大的平整海冰的HDRF值相对较大。在350~950 nm波段,厚度较小且表面光滑的平整海冰ANIF相对较大,而厚度较大的平整海冰的ANIF值相对较小。以上结果充分说明海冰对太阳光入射辐射的反射是冰-气界面的反射与冰体内部的散射的综合结果。  相似文献   

18.
Yi Rui 《Marine Geodesy》2019,42(3):246-262
Submarine debris flows have a significant impact on offshore and coastal facilities. The unique characteristics of submarine debris flows involve large mass movements and long travel distances over very gentle slopes. To improve our insight and knowledge of the basic mechanism behind submarine debris flows, an analytical model was derived for the mobility of submarine debris flows. This model takes into account the mass change of debris flows induced by deposition, stagnation pressure, and the topography of the depositional area. One case study on the Palos Verdes debris flow proves its ability to predict the run-out distance of a submarine debris flow to a reasonable level of accuracy. On the gentle slopes, the submarine debris flow progressively loses mass due to deposition, which in turn influences the flow velocity. In addition, the results show that the slope angle and spreading angle of the debris depositional zone play important roles in the sliding process.  相似文献   

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