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Fish-farming structures are widespread in coastal waters and are highly attractive to wild fish. Several studies have estimated that tons to tens of tons of wild fish aggregate around fish farms. These estimates assumed that the majority of wild fish are concentrated immediately beneath farms, although this assumption has never been explicitly tested. We tested the hypothesis that abundances of wild fish would be greatest immediately beneath farms and progressively diminish with distance at 4 full-scale coastal salmon (Salmo salar) farms in Norway. At each farm, fish were counted with a video-camera system at 5 different distances from the cages (farm = 0 m, 25, 50, 100 and 200 m) throughout the water column on three separate days. Combined across all locations and times, the total abundance of wild fish was 20 times greater at the farm than at the 200 m sampling distance. Saithe (Pollachius virens) dominated assemblages at all 4 farms and were consistently significantly more abundant at the farm than at the 25–200 m distances. This ‘tight aggregation’ around farms corresponds to the reliance of saithe on waste feed when they school near farms. In contrast, patterns of distribution of both cod (Gadus morhua) and poor cod (Trisopterus minutus) varied among farms, with either highest abundances at the farm or a more even distribution of abundance across all 5 distances sampled. No specific pattern of aggregation was evident for the bottom-dwelling haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Our results suggest that the present 100 m no-fishing zone around salmon farms protects the greatest proportion of farm-aggregated saithe and cod from fishing during the daytime. However, whether this reduces their overall susceptibility to fishing requires further research regarding nighttime distribution and movements. 相似文献
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Clynick BG 《Marine environmental research》2008,65(1):18-33
In the marine environment, artificial structures are not, in general, managed for their value as habitat and are often built with no a priori expectation as to the assemblages which may colonise them. It may, however, become increasingly important to consider the value of such structures as habitat when decisions are made with respect to the management of artificial structures. This study investigates the role marinas play as habitat for fish by examining the distribution of fish associated with these urban developments and how this distribution relates to the physical characteristics of marinas. Assemblages of fish associated with marinas in waterways around Sydney were sampled in August and December 2002 and May 2003. Counts were done around structures present at marinas, i.e. pontoons and pilings and in the open water immediately adjacent to these structures. Within marinas, spatial patterns were particular to the types of fish examined. Large mobile species, such as Acanthopagrus australis and Girella tricuspidata, moved between structures and the open water between them. Smaller species, such as Trachinops taeniatus and Microcanthus strigatus, were found only in the immediate vicinity of these structures. At a larger spatial scale, assemblages of fish varied markedly between different marinas. This variability could not, however, be attributed to the depth of water, the age or size of marinas, nor the type of material with which marinas were constructed (i.e. pontoons or jetties). 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2016
An important component of science-based fisheries policy is the provision of habitat adequate for population renewal. In Canada, the Fisheries Act pays little attention to managing fish habitat, and was further weakened by changes enacted in 2012. Specifically, determining the role of fish habitat in contributing to fisheries and fish stock recovery is challenging when many stocks have severely declined and no longer occupy former habitats. This study compared the abundance of juvenile fish in coastal vegetated habitats before and after collapse or decline of groundfish stocks in Atlantic Canada. This comparison was done by compiling past studies that surveyed juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pollock (Pollachius virens) in vegetated habitats across three provinces. Two studies were repeated, and one that already had post-collapse data was analyzed to quantify long-term changes in juvenile abundance. In all three cases substantial reduction in juvenile abundance coincided with declines in adult stocks. However, juvenile fish still occur in coastal habitats and could aid in adult stock recovery. The current version of the Canadian Fisheries Act requires presence of an ongoing fishery to trigger habitat protection. This is problematic as low fish abundance may lead to lowered habitat protection and potentially habitat degradation, with less or lesser-quality habitat for fish in the future. Thus, recommendations are made to repeal the 2012 Fisheries Act changes and enhance current fish habitat legislation. Using a precautionary approach for coastal fish habitat management, particularly in valuing its potential for fish stock recovery, would strengthen Canadian fisheries management. 相似文献
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Carlos Sanz-Lázaro María Dolores BelandoFrancisco Navarrete-Mier Arnaldo Marín 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
A manipulative caging experiment was carried out to evaluate the role of wild fish and motile epibenthic invertebrates on the benthic system influenced by an open water fish farm. Chemical and biological parameters of the sediment were measured as indicators of the ecological benthic status. The combination of wild fish and currents notably lowered aquaculture waste sedimentation below the fish farm. The limited waste sedimentation rate could have limited the scavenger and predation activity of wild fish on the benthos, whose role may be taken over by motile epibenthic invertebrates. The interaction of these motile epibenthic invertebrates with the sediment differed from that observed with fish. The motile epibenthic invertebrates led to more reduced conditions with lower redox values, significantly decreased the number of species of macrofaunal benthic assemblages and significantly modified macrofaunal benthic assemblages. Therefore, epibenthic invertebrates do not seem to have an ameliorative effect on the benthic status produced by fish farming. Since the effects of epibenthic species on the benthic system can greatly vary according to their identity, further experiments should be performed to better understand the drivers that influence the epibenthic species identity that modulate the benthic system affected by fish farming. 相似文献
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Shallow soft-bottom habitats including mangroves and mudflats provide important nursery functions for juvenile fishes, but little information exists concerning the relative nursery value of these habitats for juvenile fishes. We compared the potential of a mangrove and a mudflat in a semi-enclosed bay in Hong Kong to serve as fish nurseries by measuring species composition, dietary composition, gut fullness and diet breadth of juvenile fishes. Fish abundance was higher in mangrove than mudflat, but species richness was almost similar between the two habitats. After excluding Ambassis gymnocephalus, which was found mainly in the mangrove, difference in fish abundance between the two habitats was small. The gut fullness and diet breath of most species did not differ between mangrove and mudflat, suggesting that the two habitats were very similar in terms of providing feeding opportunity for juvenile fishes. While the importance of mangrove as nursery of fishes has been repeatedly emphasized, our data suggest that other soft-bottom habitats, such as mudflats, are also important and need to be protected. 相似文献
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Simulating search behaviour of fish towards bait 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Vabo Rune; Huse Geir; Ferno Anders; Jorgensen Terje; Lokkeborg Svein; Skaret Georg 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2004,61(7):1224-1232
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甲状腺激素在鱼类繁殖中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>甲状腺激素(Thyroid hormone,TH),包括三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)和四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4),存在于所有的脊椎动物中。研究表明,TH对哺乳类和两栖类的早期发育和变态过程发挥着至关重要的作用,而在鱼类(尤其是鲆鲽类)的变态过程中,TH的调控作用更加明显[1,2]。近期研究发现,TH在鱼类发育的各阶段都起着重要的调节作用,其中对鱼类繁殖过程的调控作用尤为显著[3]。作者旨在阐述鱼类甲状腺的结构特征,及TH在鱼类繁殖过程中的作用。 相似文献