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近年来,海洋战略性新兴产业的集群式发展已经成为国家或地区提升产业竞争力、拉动海洋经济转型、实现跨越式发展的重要方式,逐渐引起学术界的高度重视。文章在对产业集群、海洋战略性新兴产业、海洋战略性新兴产业集群等概念进行界定的基础上,从影响因素、促进效应、空间组织模式等3个方面初步探索海洋战略性新兴产业集群的形成机理,并对海洋战略性新兴产业集群形成的促进效应进行重点分析,认为存在规模效应、辐射效应和协同效应等直接效应以及自我强化效应、累积效应和适应性预期效应等间接效应,对这些效应的原理进行深入探讨和案例分析。 相似文献
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为优化长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业布局,促进区域海洋经济的转型升级,文章采用Pearson关联模型,选取2014年长三角地区11个沿海城市的代表性数据,分别计算和分析海洋战略性新兴产业增加值与其影响因素的相关系数,并提出建议。研究结果表明:长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业发展较好,但存在增速较缓和区域不平衡等问题;与长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业增加值极强相关和强相关的主要为经济发展水平和科技支撑力度2个方面的影响因素;长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业布局应优先考虑经济和科技较发达的城市,并逐渐带动和辐射其他沿海城市和周边内陆城市,促进整体发展。 相似文献
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为促进长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业的整体化发展和各城市资源的最大化利用,文章以长三角地区11个城市为研究对象,选取科技发展水平、经济发展水平和海洋战略性新兴产业发展水平3个评价指标的7个变量,采用因子分析法和聚类分析法,评价2014年各城市海洋战略性新兴产业布局,并提出优化建议。研究结果表明:长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业布局存在较大的不平衡性,其中上海市和宁波市处于领先水平,温州市较合理,杭州市等4个城市一般,南通市等4个城市较不合理;各城市应根据自身优势,打造海洋战略性新兴产业产业链,分别在"上游"科研环节、"中游"承接环节和"下游"市场环节发挥作用,开展区域一体化合作。 相似文献
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为加快山东省海洋科技产业聚集发展,发挥科技创新引领作用,促进海洋经济和产业结构的转型升级,文章分析山东省海洋产业和海洋科技创新能力现状、海洋科技产业发展的特点及其制约因素,研究结果表明:山东省各海洋产业发展迅速,已初步聚集化;海洋科技创新显著支撑和促进海洋经济发展,但绩效和效率仍较低;海洋科技产业的源头创新能力、发展模式、涉海企业技术创新能力、创新功能载体和国际化等优势明显,但在产业聚集度、科技创新平衡发展、龙头企业带动、专业化公共研发试验平台、新兴产业发展速度、金融财税政策落实和创新以及海洋生态环境等方面仍存在不足。在此基础上,提出山东省海洋科技产业聚集区建设路径,即强化原始创新核心作用、实施科技创新工程、坚持海洋生态环境优先、加强全球合作和创新体制机制。 相似文献
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国际海洋战略性新兴产业发展方兴未艾,国内产业培育也取得一定突破,但总体发展规模和质量还有待提升,存在着战略定位、政策扶持、区域竞争和科技创新等问题和要素制约。基于市场需求和问题导向,文章从国家战略顶层设计、产业培育示范、海洋科技创新、特色园区发展及专业服务体系建设等方面提出了政策框架设计构想,为我国海洋战略性新兴产业健康发展提供借鉴。 相似文献
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科技兴海是我国推动海洋经济发展和产业结构调整的重大举措。文章概述东海区科技兴海产业示范基地的建设情况,明确其有力促进具有鲜明特色的海洋战略性新兴产业的集聚发展和海洋经济的转型升级,总结市场运营的"临港模式"、政府主导的"厦门模式"、特色产业的"大丰模式"和地方特色的"诏安模式"等发展经验,提出突出特色,形成独具一格的发展模式;定位清晰,政府服务和市场运营相辅相成;凝聚产业,以品牌提升产业链核心价值;形成示范,创新支持方式和管理模式的示范基地发展建议。 相似文献
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文章通过构建包括资源环境、社会经济、科技人才和政府支持4个维度的海洋战略性新兴产业支撑条件评价指标体系,运用熵值法和层次分析法综合赋权,结合TOPSIS评价法对我国11个沿海省(自治区、直辖市)2009—2013年海洋战略性新兴产业支撑条件进行评价,并分别运用K-均值聚类、核密度估计和障碍度评价公式对我国海洋战略性新兴产业支撑条件评价结果进行分类、时空演变特征分析和影响因素分析。结果表明:从整体来看,2009—2011年各地支撑条件水平集中分布在中低值区域,2012年开始支撑条件水平显著提高,支撑条件的两极分化现象经历先逐渐加剧后有所缓和的过程;分维度来看,不同维度的支撑条件水平都有不同程度的提升,不同地区海洋战略性新兴产业发展的障碍因素差异比较明显,但海洋科技专利数量是其共同因素。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
This key note presentation opened the conference. It provides a context to deliberations and discussions, and it sets out a range of options to help make better progress in the effective management and protection of the ocean. These range from improving the quality of protection through to how technology and new approaches can be used to ignite a broader interest and engagement with ocean conservation. 相似文献
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在广东实现“四个走在全国前列”的时代需求下，茂名应着力建设现代化海洋经济体系。近年来，茂名海洋经济总量快速增长、海洋经济体系基本形成、海洋创新成果初具规模、海洋生态建设成效显著、海洋管理能力不断增强，奠定了建设现代化海洋经济体系的基础，但也面临着海洋经济规模偏小且结构不够合理、现代化海洋产业进程缓慢、现代化海洋经济发展动力不足且受到制约和缺乏保障等问题。未来应从加快供给侧改革、实施创新驱动、推进开放合作、优化海洋生态系统和完善体制机制等方面寻求茂名建设现代化海洋经济体系的路径策略。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
Measuring the ‘level of compliance’ has emerged as a key performance indicator for MPA success internationally. Accurate interpretation of quantitative and qualitative compliance data is critical for determining which compliance activities contribute to specific management outcomes. To demonstrate the value of enforcement data in effective MPA management, more than 5000 enforcement actions from 2007 to 2013 from five New South Wales (NSW) Marine Parks were analysed. Specifically, it was tested whether through time: (i) the number of enforcement actions standardised by surveillance effort declined-indicating that ‘general deterrence’ was being achieved; (ii) the number of repeat offenders decreased-indicating that ‘specific deterrence’ was being achieved; (iii) the number of ‘local community’ enforcement actions standardised by surveillance effort declined-indicating growing support for marine parks was being achieved at the community level; and (iv) the percentage of young offenders (<25 yr) had declined-indicating that education programs targeting young adults were successful. Results indicated that general deterrence was not being achieved, with offence rates being relatively stable between years. In contrast, compliance measures were achieving individual deterrence, with the percentage of repeat offenders being very low (0.13–0.83%). Although compliance strategies may be making some progress in improving local compliance in some marine parks, the overall offence rate of local communities was concerning. The data suggested that there were major differences in compliance rates among age groups of offenders over time, although the percentage of young offenders declined over time in three marine parks. Over the six-year data collection period, there was no discernable improvement in compliance rates in most NSW Marine Parks. Overall, the significant value of collecting and analysing information on enforcement activities for MPAs was demonstrated, an often neglected aspect of their management world-wide. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
The world׳s oceans are currently undergoing an unprecedented period of industrialisation, made possible by advances in technology and driven by our growing need for food, energy and resources. This is placing the oceans are under intense pressure, and the ability of existing marine governance frameworks to sustainably manage the marine environment is increasingly being called into question. Emerging industries are challenging all aspects of these frameworks, raising questions regarding ownership and rights of the sea and its resources, management of environmental impacts, and management of ocean space. This paper uses the emerging marine renewable energy (MRE) industry, particularly in the United Kingdom (UK), as a case study to introduce and explore some of the key challenges. The paper concludes that the challenges are likely to be extensive and argues for development of a comprehensive legal research agenda to advance both MRE technologies and marine governance frameworks. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
Marine legislation is becoming ever more complex, so new cost-effective ways of obtaining and processing increasingly large data sets are required to support evidence-based policy making. Citizen science is one solution, but the uptake of the evidence generated by citizens among policy makers is often limited. Here, the importance of citizen science in delivery of the evidence-base that underpins marine policy was assessed using a series of case-studies. There was no consistent rationale for developing policy-relevant citizen science, but drivers included: lack of existing data, difficulty in collecting data by other means, the use of citizen science data by other organisations, and the capabilities of volunteers. Challenges to the uptake of marine citizen science were identified from policy-maker, scientist and citizen perspectives, and these related to data quality, data access, motivation of volunteers, and physical location. Citizen science has good potential to contribute to the evidence-base alongside traditional monitoring, remote sensing, and modelling, but only if outputs from citizen science projects are judged individually on quality. If this is the case, citizen science has an important role in delivery and understanding of future marine policy, but is only one part of an integrated solution. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2016
There is an on-going process to establish Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs) in England, to form part of a coherent and representative network of marine protected areas under national and EU legislation. From 2009 to 2011, the MCZ process included strong participatory elements. Four regional multi-sector stakeholder groups developed MCZ recommendations collaboratively, in line with ecological guidance provided by the Government's nature conservation advisers. This guidance was based on Government policy principles, including that MCZs should be designated based on ‘best available evidence’. This paper analyses the multi-dimensional conflicts that emerged within the stakeholder group in south-west England, which were magnified by uncertainty about future MCZ management. In September 2011, after working through these conflicts through trade-offs and negotiations, the stakeholder groups jointly recommended 127 MCZs to Government. The process subsequently shifted to a top-down approach, with further stakeholder engagement limited to bilateral consultation. There was a concurrent shift in policy, from a broad-scale network-level focus towards single-feature conservation. A lengthy series of evidence reviews concluded that the existing evidence at the time was insufficient to progress with the designation of most sites, marking a clear departure from the policy principle of proceeding with the designation of a representative network based on ‘best available evidence’, and effectively undermining the work carried out by stakeholder groups. Though MCZ designation was originally timetabled for 2012, in November 2013 just 27 of the recommended 127 MCZs were designated in a first tranche. At the time, no clear timetable was in place for subsequent tranches. 相似文献