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1.
大西洋牙鲆幼鱼标准代谢的初步研究 总被引：26，自引：5，他引：21
测定了大西洋牙鲆幼鱼在禁食和静息状态下的呼吸耗氧率、氨氮排泄率和CO2排出率;研究了它们的呼吸商、氧氮比、能量代谢的特征和能源的化学本质。结果表明,大西洋牙鲆在水温10.8～21.5℃时,其耗氧率Q10=2.336,代谢率的体重系数b=0.832。白天能量代谢率为2.00J/(h·g),夜间能量代谢率为1.474J/(h·g),白天是夜间的1.357倍,最高值出现在09:00(上午),代谢率为2.525J/(h·g),最低值在03:00(夜间),代谢率为1.147J/(h·g)。在水温4～26℃时大西洋牙鲆平均呼吸耗氧率为0.123mg/(h·g);氨氮排泄率2.654μg/(h·g);CO2排出率0.135mg/(h·g);代谢率1.773J/(h·g);O∶N=38.8;呼吸商为0.791。大西洋牙鲆以蛋白质、脂肪和糖类3种营养物质的混合物为能源,随着温度的升高和个体的生长O∶N比值增加,即代谢底物中蛋白质用于氧化供能的比例相对减少,用于生长的比例增加。 相似文献
2.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(9)
采用密闭流水式呼吸实验方法,研究了不同体重组((50.94±5.50)g、(103.61±10.48)g、(154.58±7.56)g、(194.56±14.56)g)斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)在3个不同温度(20、25和30℃)下的耗氧率和排氨率,以及斑石鲷耗氧率、排氨率的昼夜节律变化。研究表明,3个温度条件下斑石鲷耗氧率和排氨率随温度的升高而升高,随体重的增大而降低,斑石鲷白天平均耗氧率为(2.535±0.204)μg·(g·min)~(-1),夜间平均耗氧率为(2.531±0.064)μg·(g·min)~(-1),其耗氧率的昼夜差异不明显。白天平均排氨率为(0.104±0.007)μg·(g·min)~(-1),夜间平均排氨率为(0.083±0.007)μg·(g·min)~(-1),白天平均排氨率明显大于夜间。投喂饲料后斑石鲷耗氧率最高点出现在投喂饲料后1~3h,最低点出现在投喂饲料后19~23h,耗氧率呈逐渐降低的趋势,排氨率呈先升高后降低的趋势,温度升高使斑石鲷排氨率达到峰值的时间提前。 相似文献
3.
采用封闭流水式实验方法,研究了氨氮、温度和体重对大口黑鲈(Micropterussalmoides)耗氧率、窒息点的影响。结果表明:在设定的总氨氮浓度0—8.61mg/L范围,随着氨氮浓度增加,大口黑鲈幼鱼耗氧率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,峰值为0.338mg/(g·h),窒息点随着氨氮浓度的增加而递增,影响显著(P0.05);在13—33°C的实验温度范围,随着温度升高,耗氧率先增加,在29°C时达到峰值0.392mg/(g·h),随后出现下降。在体重6.66—15.87g范围,耗氧率随着体重的增加而下降,最低值为0.112mg/(g·h);耗氧率存在明显的昼夜节律变化,夜均0.214mg/(g·h)日均0.199mg/(g·h),二者差异显著(P0.05),并在2:00—6:00和18:00—20:00时间段出现两个峰值。 相似文献
4.
为研究南美洲鳗鲡(Anguillarostrata)的耗氧率及其对水温、低溶氧、非离子氨和亚硝酸盐耐受性,本研究采用自制的鱼类呼吸装置测定其耗氧率和窒息点,以黑仔鳗为试验材料,探索其对水温、非离子氨、亚硝酸盐耐受性。结果表明,南美洲鳗鲡耗氧率存在昼夜变化,其昼间耗氧率为(86.46±37.77)mg/(kgh),夜间耗氧率为(123.58±22.56)mg/(kgh),二者存在显著性差异(P0.05);在15—30°C范围内,耗氧率随温度升高逐渐增大,耗氧率和水温的回归方程y=–0.1316x2+9.4507x–13.712(R2=0.9993);南美洲鳗鲡的耗氧率随体质量增大而降低,耗氧量随体质量增加而增大,耗氧量和体重的回归方程为y=0.2321x0.8334(R2=0.9979);在水温25°C时其窒息点随鱼体质量的增大而降低,均重10g、40g和160g的鳗鲡窒息点溶解氧浓度分别为(0.98±0.25)、(0.46±0.06)和(0.32±0.02)mg/L;13—29°C为南美洲鳗鲡的适温范围,25—29°C为其生长适宜水温,在一定范围内的短时低水温或高水温环境对其损伤是可逆的;水中非离子氨对南美洲鳗鲡的LC50和SC分别为12.22mg/L和1.22mg/L,亚硝酸盐氮对南美洲鳗鲡的LC50和SC分别为61.68mg/L和6.17mg/L。 相似文献
5.
于1996年12月至1997年1月在实验室内研究了温度对墨西哥湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians concentricus)的耗氧率和排泄(NH4-N)率的影响,实验在投饵后6h,静水(盐度32)条件下进行,溶氧量和氨氮量分别采用Winkler滴定法和次溴酸盐氧化法测定.实验结果表明,在实验温度(10～31℃)条件下,不同规格(壳高1.6～4.8cm,软体部干重0.0342～0.6908g)的墨西哥湾扇贝耗氧率的总平均值为2.35mg/(g·h).排泄率总平均值为350.89μg/(g·h).墨西哥湾扇见的耗氧量和排氧量都与扇贝体重呈明显的幂函数关系.在10～28℃范围内,不同规格的扇贝耗氧率都随温度的升高而增加;当水温继续升高到31℃时,耗氧率反而下降.在实验温度(10～31℃)条件下,扇贝的排泄率随着温度的升高而增加,温度对墨西哥湾扇贝的耗氧率和排泄率的影响都可用指数方程表示.本实验证实,高温(31℃)将进一步提高墨西哥湾扇贝蛋白质的代谢水平.耗氧量(O)和排氨量(N)与温度(t)、扇贝软体部干重(W)二元线性回归方程分别为:O=-587.804+36.787t+1697.864W;N=-92.344 9+4.534 1t+276.781 8W.复相关系数r分别为0.880 6和0.8035 ; F检验表明,两个回归方程均极显著(F>F0.01). 相似文献
6.
盐度对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)呼吸和排泄的影响 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
采用封闭式呼吸器法研究了(15±0.5)℃水温条件下不同盐度(22、27、31.5、36)对四种规格刺参{S[(39.60±8.77)g]、M[(71.80±14.04)g]、L[(128.30±19.69)g]和XL[(196.65±19.81)g]}呼吸和排泄的影响。结果表明,各规格组刺参单位体重耗氧率[Rwr,μg/(g·h)]和排氨率[(Rwe,μg/(g·h)]在盐度22—31.5范围内均随着盐度的升高而降低,当盐度升高至36时,二者都明显升高;各盐度下实验刺参的单位体重耗氧率分别为17.52、16.32、15.49和17.60μg/(g·h),单位体重排氨率分别为1.05、0.88、0.87和0.95μg/(g·h);在同一盐度下,刺参体重越大,其单位个体耗氧率[Rir,μg/(ind·h)]和排氨率[Rie,μg/(ind·h)]越高,二者呈幂函数关系,可用关系式Rir(或Rie)=aWb表示;关系式Rir=aWb中,a值的变动范围为40.6656—81.1900,b值为0.6432—0.8145;而关系式Rie=aWb中,a值的变动范围为2.0947—4.8489,b值为0.6507—0.8072;盐度对刺参O∶N比的影响不显著,各盐度条件下,不同规格的刺参,其O∶N比均在15左右,表明本实验条件下该参代谢所需要的能量主要由脂肪和碳水化合物提供。从呼吸和排泄的角度来看,刺参在其最适温度(15℃)条件下,具有一定的渗透压调节能力,能够适应较广的盐度变化范围(22—36)。 相似文献
7.
5种海水养殖鱼类幼鱼的耗氧率及窒息点 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为鱼类苗种运输和养殖过程中溶解氧的科学调控提供理论依据,采用密闭式呼吸实验法探究了20、25和30 ℃水温下豹纹鳃棘鲈Plectropomus leopardus、驼背鲈Cromileptes altivelis、棕点石斑鱼Epinephelus fuscoguttatus、赤点石斑鱼Epinephelus akaara和珍珠龙胆石斑鱼5种海水养殖鱼类幼鱼(体重范围为53.6～84.5 g)的耗氧率和窒息点。结果表明:在盐度为30的条件下,5种海水养殖鱼类幼鱼的耗氧率和窒息点均随水温的升高而升高。同水温下的耗氧率,豹纹鳃棘鲈为最高, 20、25和30 ℃水温下分别为0.15、0.21和0.31 mg/(g·h);珍珠龙胆石斑鱼为最低,20、25和30 ℃水温下分别为0.08、0.15和0.16 mg/(g·h)。同水温下窒息点,驼背鲈为最高, 20、25和30 ℃水温下分别为1.00、1.12和1.21 mg/L ;珍珠龙胆石斑鱼为最低, 20、25和30 ℃水温下分别为0.19、0.24和0.25 mg/L。 相似文献
8.
采用室内实验生态学方法对企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率和排氨率进行了研究。旨在为企鹅珍珠贝养殖容量(carrying capacity for aquaculture)的调查及育珠生理的研究提供参考,并可为海洋生态系统动力学和贝类能量学研究提供科学依据。研究结果表明,在实验温度(13~33℃)范围内,企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率(OR)和排氨率(NR)与体重(W)都呈负相关,可分别表示为Y1=a1W-b1和Y2=a2W-b2,其中,a1的取值范围是1.330~4.128,b1的取值范围是0.453~0.651,a2的取值范围是0.150~0.354,b2的取值范围是0.446~0.634。在实验室温度(13~33℃)条件下,企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率为0.329~7.303 mg/(g·h),排氨率为0.035~0.489 mg/(g·h),其中耗氧率在28℃时达到最高值,33℃时开始下降,而排氨率则呈持续升高趋势。企鹅珍珠贝呼吸和排泄Q10值范围分别为0.210~2.494和1.193~2.483。在23~28℃温度范围内,不同规格企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率和排氨率的比值(原子数O/N)较高。方差分析表明,体重、温度及二者的交互作用对企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率和排氨率均有极显著的影响(P<0.01)。企鹅珍珠贝的日常代谢明显高于标准代谢,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高32.1%和76.7%。 相似文献
9.
为了研究温度对方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)能量收支的影响, 作者采用室内静水法, 分析了不同养殖水体温度条件下方斑东风螺幼螺的摄食率、排粪率、耗氧率、排氨率、黏液排泄率的变化规律。结果表明, 方斑东风螺摄食率、排粪率、耗氧率和排氨率均随温度升高呈现先上升后下降趋势。其中各温度处理组摄食率差异显著(P < 0.05), 在23 ℃时最低为2.548±0.093 mg/(g/h), 29 ℃时最高为4.958±0.150 mg/(g/h); 排粪率为1.695±0.037~2.892±0.074 mg/(g/h), 在29℃时达到最高; 耗氧率在29 ℃时最高为0.437±0.054 mg/(g/h), 23 ℃时最低为0.202±0.027 mg/(g/h); 在本实验条件下, 方斑东风螺排氨率为0.009±0.001~0.025±0.003 mg/(g/h), 各温度处理组间均有显著差异(P < 0.05), 且在29 ℃时最高为0.025±0.003 mg/(g/h)。黏液排泄率在23 ℃时最高为0.030±0.001 mg/(g/h), 显著高于其他各温度组(P < 0.05)。基于不同温度下能量收支方程, 得出26 ℃下方斑东风螺生长余能最多, 占摄入总能量的37.855%, 其次是29 ℃、32 ℃和23 ℃, 分别为37.850%、32.098%和30.438%。 相似文献
10.
《海洋湖沼通报》2021,(3)
为了明确赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)苗种运输环节或池塘养殖过程中所需溶解氧含量,提高苗种成活率,本文研究了不同温度条件(16℃和25℃)对赤点石斑鱼苗种(体长:6.168～8.762 cm,体重:7.82～16.77 g)耗氧率和窒息点的影响。结果表明:海水盐度为26.2的条件下,苗种浮头点、昏迷点、窒息点的发生与温度没有直接关系,却与溶解氧含量直接相关。赤点石斑鱼苗种在16℃与25℃时,窒息点分别为0.79 mg/L与0.73 mg/L。在相同呼吸生理时段赤点石斑鱼苗种的耗氧率随温度的升高而增加,16℃时,实验开始至浮头点(a段:Ip—Ap)、浮头点至昏迷临界点(b段:Ap—CCp)、昏迷临界点至昏迷点(c段:CCp—Cp)、昏迷点至窒息临界点(d段:Cp—SCp)、窒息临界点至窒息点(e段:SCp—Sp)、窒息点至死亡点(f段:Sp—Ep)时段的耗氧率分别为1.7641 mg/L、0.3087 mg/L、0.2312 mg/L、0.1372 mg/L、0.0464 mg/L、0.3625 mg/L,25℃时对应时段耗氧率分别为3.8564 mg/L、2.6004 mg/L、2.0500 mg/L、1.9600 mg/L、0.7750 mg/L、0.6056 mg/L。赤点石斑鱼苗种的耗氧率随溶解氧含量的降低而降低,其呼吸型为顺应型。 相似文献
11.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
12.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
13.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
14.
This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
15.
Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献
16.
Andrzej Chybicki 《Marine Geodesy》2018,41(1):1-23
Current trends of development of satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) models rely on applying calibration techniques including analytical approaches, neuro-fuzzy systems, regression optimization and others. In most of the cases, the SDB models are calibrated and verified for test sites, that provide favorable conditions for the remote derivation of bathymetry such as high water clarity, homogenous bottom type, low amount of sediment in the water and other factors. In this paper, a novel 3-dimensional geographical weighted regression (3GWR) SDB technique is presented, it binds together methods already presented in other studies, the geographically weighted local regression (GWR) model, with depth dependent inverse optimization. The proposed SDB model was calibrated and verified on a relatively difficult test site of the South Baltic near-shore areas with the use of multispectral observations acquired by a recently launched Sentinel-2 satellite observation system. By conducted experiments, it was shown that the proposed SDB model is capable of obtaining satisfactory results of RMSE ranging from 0.88 to 1.23[m] depending on the observation and can derive bathymetry for depths up to 12m. It was also shown, that the proposed approach may be used operationally, for instance, in the continuous assessment of temporal bathymetry changes, for areas important in the context of ensuring local maritime safety. 相似文献
17.
N. H. Khadge 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):251-258
As a part of the environmental impact assessment studies, geotechnical properties of sediments were determined in the Central Indian Basin. The undrained shear strength and index properties of the siliceous sediments were determined on 20 box cores of uniform dimension collected from various locations in five preselected sites. The maximum core length encountered was 41 cm and most of the sediments were siliceous oozes consisting of radiolarian or diatomaceous tests. The shear strength measurements revealed that surface sediments deposited in recent times (0-10 cm) have a shear strength of 0-1 kPa; this value increases with depth, reaching 10 kPa at 40 cm deep. Older sediments have greater strength because of compaction. Water content varies in the wide range of 312-577% and decreases with depth. The clay minerals such as smectite and illite are dominant and show some control over water content. Wet density, specific gravity, and porosity do not indicate any notable variation with depth, thereby indicating a uniform, slow rate of sedimentation. The average porosity of sediments is 90.2%, specific gravity 2.18, and wet bulk density 1.12 g/cm 3 . Sediments exhibit medium to high plasticity characteristics, with the average plasticity index varying between 105% and 136%. Preliminary studies on postdisturbance samples showed an increase in natural water content and a decrease in undrained shear strength of sediments in the top 10- to 15-cm layer. 相似文献
18.
Extreme sea levels associated with severe cyclonic storms are common occurrences along the east coast of India. The coastal districts of Orissa have experienced major surges in the past. The recent Paradip super cyclone is one of the most severe cyclones, causing extensive damage to property and loss of lives. Extreme sea levels are major causes for coastal flooding in this region. Damages can be minimized if the extreme sea levels are forecast well in advance. In the present study, we develop a location specific, fine resolution model for the Orissa coast on the lines similar to that of IIT-D storm surge model (Dube et al. 1994). The model runs on a personal computer. The bathymetry for the model is extracted from very fine resolution naval hydrographic charts for the region extending from the south of Orissa to south of West Bengal. A simple drying scheme has also been included in the model in order to avoid the exposure of land near the coast due to strong negative sea surface elevations. An attempt was made in this study to simulate extreme sea levels along the Orissa coast using the data of past severe cyclones. The model results reported in the present study are in good agreement with available observations or estimates. 相似文献
19.
An Improved Calibration of Satellite Altimetric Heights Using Tide Gauge Sea Levels with Adjustment for Land Motion 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Gary T. Mitchum 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(3):145-166
Several major improvements to an existing method for calibrating satellite altimeters using tide gauge data are described. The calibration is in the sense of monitoring and correcting temporal drift in the altimetric time series, which is essential in efforts to use the altimetric data for especially demanding applications. Examples include the determination of the rate of change of global mean sea level and the study of the relatively subtle, but climatically important, decadal variations in basin scale sea levels. The improvements are to the method described by Mitchum (1998a), and the modifications are of two basic types. First, since the method depends on the cancellation of true ocean signals by differencing the altimetric data from the tide gauge sea level time series, improvements are made that produce a more complete removal of the ocean signals that comprise the noise for the altimetric drift estimation problem. Second, a major error source in the tide gauge data, namely land motion, is explicitly addressed and corrections are developed that incorporate space-based geodetic data (continuous GPS and DORIS measurements). The long-term solution, having such geodetic measurements available at all the tide gauges, is not yet a reality, so an interim solution is developed. The improved method is applied to the TOPEX altimetric data. The Side A data (August 1992?February 1999) are found to have a linear drift component of 0.55 + / 0.39 mm/yr, but there is also a significant quadratic component to the drift that is presently unexplained. The TOPEX Side B altimeter is estimated to be biased by 7.0 + / 0.7 mm relative to the Side A altimeter based on an analysis of the first 350 days of Side B data. 相似文献
20.
J. N. Pattan Ch. M. Rao A. A. Migdisov S. Colley N. C. Higgs L. Demidenko 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):155-165
The rare earth element (REE) distribution in nine deep-sea ferromanganese nodules and their associated siliceous sediments from the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) have been studied to elucidate the REE relationship among them. Total REE concentration varies from 398-928 ppm in the nodules and 137-235 ppm in the associated sediments, suggesting two- to four-fold enrichment in the nodules compared to associated sediments. REE of nodules and their associated sediments show a positive correlation, suggesting REE are supplied from a common source such as seawater. The positive correlation between REE of nodules and sediments from the CIOB is contrary to the competitive scavenging of REE between nodules and sediment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. REEs in the nodules are carried by Fe, P, and Ti, whereas in the sediment they are carried by P and Mn phases. A similar REE fractionation pattern with middle REE enrichment over heavy and light REE in both the nodules and their associated sediment suggest fractionation is independent of REE abundance and their carrier phases. 相似文献