共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
为了解不同类型人工鱼礁的集鱼效果, 在试验水槽内观察5种鱼礁模型对花尾胡椒鲷Plectorhynchus cinctus的诱集效果.结果表明: 在未投放礁体模型时, 试验鱼的密集区均出现在水槽的左端(A1和A6区), 出现率为61.60%, 而试验鱼在空白礁区(A3和A8区)的平均出现率低于5%;在A3和A8区中间放入鱼礁模型后, 鱼礁区(即A3和A8区)试验鱼的出现率分别上升至32.53%(B礁)、37.60%(C礁)、20.93%(D礁)、28.13%(E礁)、29.20%(F礁), 而原密集区A1和A6试验鱼的平均出现率分别下降至29.47%(B礁)、23.47%(C礁)、33.60%(D礁)、25.73%(E礁)、42.93%(F礁).统计数据显示, 5种礁体模型放入后, 礁区内试验鱼的平均出现率与投放前相比均大幅度提高, 说明5种模型礁对试验鱼均有较强的诱集效果, 其中有效空间较大, 遮盖效果较好的C礁的诱集效果最好. 相似文献
2.
试验水槽中多种人工鱼礁模型组合对紫红笛鲷幼鱼的诱集效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
摸清多种人工鱼礁模型组合对紫红笛鲷幼鱼的诱集效果,可为人工鱼礁礁体组合设计和礁区布局设计等方面提供科学依据.本研究参照深圳杨梅坑人工鱼礁区的实际建礁情况,制作并模拟4组三种模型礁体组合、4组四种模型礁体组合,在方形试验水槽中以鱼类行为学的方法研究了这8组模型礁体组合对紫红笛鲷的诱集效果.4组三礁组合礁体模型试验结果表明,FHJ三礁组合对紫红笛鲷的集鱼效果非常明显,BFH、BCG、CHJ三礁组合对紫红笛鲷的集鱼效果较为明显.其诱集效果排序为:FHJ组合礁(53.84%)>BFH组合礁(44.85%)>BCG组合礁(38.11%)>CHJ组合礁(36.01%).4组四礁组合礁体的试验结果表明,4组四礁组合礁体模型对紫红笛鲷均具有较强的诱集效果,其诱集效果排序为:BGHJ组合礁(52.27%)>CFHJ组合礁(51.26%)>BCGJ组合礁(50.01%)>BCGH组合礁(45.05%).总体上,四礁组合的诱集效果优于三礁组合,人工鱼礁建设的礁群配置以多礁组合为佳. 相似文献
3.
人工鱼礁礁体模型阻力系数的实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对不同中心开口方式(圆孔、三角孔、方孔)的正方体人工鱼礁模型,通过风洞实验,定量探讨礁体的通透开口比、投影开口比与阻力系数之间的关系,测量模型礁体在不同角度迎流时的阻力系数。实验结果表明礁体阻力系数Cd随投影开口比γty的增加而呈下降趋势。当投影开口比γty相同且大于0.1时,阻力系数Cd随通透开口比γtt的增加而呈下降趋势。对于中心开孔方式人工鱼礁,阻力系数Cd计算公式为:Cd=-0.861γtt+0.145γty+1.268(R2=0.729,P<0.01)。回字型和正方体型人工鱼礁模型的实测值与理论公式计算值误差在8%以内,说明理论公式计算值是可靠的。在进行新礁体设计时,可以通过调整礁体开口尺寸,使礁体在满足集鱼、改善流场功效的同时,具有良好的水动力特性。 相似文献
4.
阴影效应是影响人工鱼礁诱集效果的主要因素之一，为研究许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)对人工鱼礁不同阴影情况的行为响应，采用室内模拟实验方法，在实验水槽顶部固定光源，共设计3组实验：A组实验探究不同阴影面积的鱼礁模型对实验鱼的诱集效果；B组实验探究不放置鱼礁模型、悬挂不同开孔率顶板对实验鱼的诱集效果；C组实验探究阴影面积相同但开孔数量不同的鱼礁模型对实验鱼的诱集效果；对照组实验水槽中不放置鱼礁模型、不悬挂顶板。观察并记录许氏平鲉幼鱼(体长(5.06±0.09)cm,体质量(3.22±0.16)g)在水槽中的行为与分布特征。研究表明：3个实验组中许氏平鲉在鱼礁放置区域的出现率均显著高于对照组和其他区域；A组实验中，许氏平鲉在鱼礁放置区的平均出现率随着鱼礁阴影面积的增大而上升；B组实验中，许氏平鲉在顶板放置区的平均出现率显著高于对照组，但不同水平组之间差异不显著；C组实验中，开孔数为1时许氏平鲉在鱼礁放置区的平均出现率与开孔数为9时相近且高于开孔数为4和6时。研究结果表明，阴影面积越大的人工鱼礁对许氏平鲉的诱集效果越好，阴影面积相同时开孔数较多的人工鱼礁能够在提供良好庇护所... 相似文献
5.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(9)
本文采用RNG K-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC数值模拟方法,分析了不同雷诺数条件下,布设间距和摆放方式对三圆管型人工鱼礁流场效应的影响。研究显示:采用FLUENT软件模拟,雷诺数能较好地反应人工鱼礁上升流和背涡流的分布情况,上升流的规模和强度随雷诺数的增大而增加,背涡流随雷诺数变化的趋势不明显。三圆管型人工鱼礁横向组合方式下,2个单位礁布设间距等于礁体尺寸时,获得的上升流和背涡流的规模和强度最大;纵向组合方式下,2个单位礁布设间距为礁体尺寸的1.5~2.0倍时,获得的上升流和背涡流的规模和强度最大。在不同实验流速和波况下三圆管型人工鱼礁的抗滑移系数、抗翻滚系数均大于1。研究结果表明,数值模拟能够较好地反应布设间距对礁体周围流场效应的影响,可为人工鱼礁的实际投放提供理论参考。 相似文献
6.
布设间距对人工鱼礁流场效应影响的数值模拟 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
人工鱼礁在海中不同的布局方式会产生不同的流场效应.通过水槽与风洞模型实验很难对组合鱼礁流场全局进行观测,为此提出1种基于CFD原理的人工鱼礁流场特性的计算机数值模拟方法,模拟了不同流速条件下布设间距对方形组合礁体流场效应的影响.结果表明:数值模拟较好地反映了人工鱼礁周围上升流和背涡流的分布情况;当两礁体布设间距为1.5倍礁体尺寸时,所产生的上升流高度达到最大值;当布设间距为1倍/时,其上升流的影响面积为最大;当布设间距为1.5倍时所产生的背涡流效果最好;两礁体之间的最佳布设间距应为礁体尺寸的1～1.5倍.数值模拟结果与风洞实验结果基本相符,该结论可为人工鱼礁实际投放提供理论参考. 相似文献
7.
合理的人工鱼礁布局可以为海洋生物提供适宜的生境，促进物种的多样性和生态系统的稳定。然而受多种因素的影响，人工鱼礁投放的实际位置与规划方案多有差异，致使人工鱼礁建设达不到预期效果。文章利用重心误差、外围面积误差、重叠面积误差以及礁体数量误差等4个指标来评价天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁的投放误差状况。结果表明，天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁投放的外围面积误差和礁体数量误差的平均值分别为-0.11和0.067，投放布局的准确性比较高；重心和重叠面积误差平均值分别为0.59和0.73，投放定位的准确性相对较差，需要进一步改进；从年际变化来看，2018年人工鱼礁投放的重心误差、重叠面积误差、礁体数量误差均有明显改善，仅外围面积误差略大，表明随着时间的推移，人工鱼礁投放布局和定位的准确性均已达到预期效果。文章量化了天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁的投放误差，成果可为提高天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁投放效果提供有益参考，为相关政策制定提供科学依据，并指导管理实践。 相似文献
8.
方型人工鱼礁水动力性能试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
人工鱼礁水动力性能的研究对于鱼礁的设计、礁区布局具有非常重要的意义。本研究设计2种方型人工鱼礁模型,在回流水槽中测量不同水流速度下的鱼礁阻力,并计算阻力系数(Cd)与雷诺数(Re)。结果表明:无盖礁体模型正面迎流时(θ=0(°)),当Re超过7.5×104时,Cd为1.64,其自动模型区域为Re>7.5×104;45(°)方向(θ=45(°))迎流时,当Re超过6.36×104时,Cd为1.3,其自动模型区域为Re>6.36×104。有盖礁体模型正面迎流时,当Re超过6×104时,Cd为1.69,其自动模型区域为Re>6×104;45(°)方向迎流时,当Re超过8.48×104时,Cd为1.43,其自动模型区域为Re>8.5×104。1种礁体模型在不同迎流方式下所受的阻力不同,45(°)方向迎流比正面迎流时的阻力大。在相同的迎流方式下,有盖礁体所受的阻力比无盖礁体大。 相似文献
9.
中山人工鱼礁区渔获物调查 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
使用刺网、手抛网和虾笼等渔具，分别于丰水期和枯水期对中山人工鱼礁区进行渔获物调查。丰水期调查表明，所选规划礁区位置是合理的，已试验1a的试验浮礁集鱼和保护幼鱼幼虾的效果明显；枯水期调查表明，首期礁区集鱼和保护幼鱼幼虾的效果更明显；首期礁区已成为良好的索饵场和隐蔽场所，成为附近海域渔业资源的摇篮和种苗库。大面积的人工鱼礁已取得明显的保护渔业资源和海洋生态的效果。 相似文献
10.
不同开口比人工鱼礁体水动力特性及礁体稳定性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究方型人工鱼礁体开口比的变化对其水动力特性的影响,利用Fluent软件模拟了边长为3m、开口比为0～0.6之间7种不同方型鱼礁体周围水流场,通过分析水流场变化规律得到了礁体流场效应、阻力系数随开口比的变化情况;基于Morison方程计算了礁体在波流作用下的受力及其抗滑移、抗倾覆安全系数。研究结果表明:当礁体开口比小于0.2时,背涡区范围较大,流场效应明显;随着开口比的增大,礁体产生的上升流范围及竖直向最大速度分量逐渐减小;对于方形开口礁体,阻力系数与开口比的关系式为Cd=0.875φ+1.088(R2=0.963,P0.01);随着开口比的增大,礁体所受最大波流作用力、抗滑移及抗倾覆安全系数逐渐减小,但礁体不会发生滑移和倾覆,可为实际礁体结构的设计提供参考。 相似文献
11.
Saleh A.S. Yahya Martin Gullström Marcus C. ÖhmanNarriman S. Jiddawi Mathias H. AnderssonYunus D. Mgaya Ulf Lindahl 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011,94(1):16-23
Degradation and mortality of corals is increasing worldwide and is expected to have significant effects on coral reef fish; hence studies on these effects are essential. In the present study, a field experiment was set up within Mafia Island Marine Park in Tanzania (East Africa) to examine the effects of bleaching and habitat structure on colonisation of coral reef fish assemblages. Live and bleached staghorn coral Acropora formosa was transplanted onto plots in a site dominated by sand and rubble, and the experimental design comprised of three treatments: live coral, bleached coral and eroded coral rubble. There was an immediate increase (within 24 h) in fish abundance and diversity in the two treatments with standing corals. Overall, live and bleached coral plots showed similar effects, but differed from the eroded coral plots which had a much lower abundance and diversity of fish. In general, fish species diversity changed with time over the study period while fish abundance did not. Multivariate analyses showed that while there were differences in fish assemblage structure between standing corals and the eroded coral treatment, there was neither a difference between live and bleached coral treatments nor any temporal effects on fish assemblage structure. Our findings suggest that physical structure and complexity of habitat have stronger effects on colonisation of reef fish assemblages than changes in coral health (such as bleaching) which do not affect coral structure. This may have important implications for appropriate coral reef management. 相似文献
12.
Michael J. Kingsford 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):463-479
Studies on the early life history of fish in New Zealand started during the 1950s off the Northland coast. Since then taxonomy, seasonality in abundance, and vertical and horizontal distribution patterns have been described as well as aspects at the level of individuals, such as age, growth, and condition. I discuss the findings and issues that have developed from these studies and illustrate three undescribed presettlement reef fish. Results indicate that different taxonomic groups typically have different vertical and horizontal distribution patterns as well as different temporal patterns of abundance. This implies that general models of how “larval fish” behave are unrealistic. As a result, the importance of physical and biological processes that may influence the distribution and survival of ichthyoplankton will vary among categories of fish (such as pelagic and reef fish) and taxonomic groups within these. Based on knowledge of the distribution pattern of some species, there is considerable scope for focusing future research on specific groups offish in terms of ontogenetic changes in morphology, sensory abilities, growth, diet, condition, interrelationships with other plankters, and, in the case of reef fish, onshore transport. 相似文献
13.
Yves Letourneur Jean-Claude Gaertner Jean-Pierre Durbec Marie E. Jessu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,77(4):697-709
The present work analyses the spatial and temporal fluctuations of fish communities on Réunion coral reef flats on three different reefs, each comprising three geomorphological zones, over eight seasons within a 6-year period. These three reefs are subjected to different environmental conditions and displayed various percentages of live coral cover. Our objectives were not only to describe the spatio-temporal patterns, but also to organize the factors involved in variation hierarchically, and to quantify the degree of community structuring that could be monitored over various spatial and temporal scales. We also focus on fish guilds to link the spatio-temporal patterns not only to species but also to the roles fish are playing (mainly involving trophic activity). We found that spatial attributes strongly determined fish distribution, with intra-reefal zones (back-reef, inner reef flat and outer reef flat) playing a much more important role than the different reefs. This suggests that the percentage of live coral cover of a given reef was less significant than its morpho-structural organization to explain fish distribution. Seasons had only a weak role in fish distribution, although fish communities were significantly more homogeneous in winter than in summer, possibly due to the arrival of numerous juveniles belonging to various species during summer settlement events. We also identified a marked temporal persistence of the spatial patterns found over the course of the study. This is discussed in relation to the current trend of increased surface seawater temperatures involved in the possible future increase in number/intensity of ENSO events. We consider the average squared Euclidian distance as a candidate for monitoring tools to quantify future changes in fish community structuring. 相似文献
14.
Effective conservation requires knowledge of the effects of habitat on distribution and abundance of organisms. Although the structure of coral reef fish assemblages is strongly correlated with attributes of reef structure, data relating reef types to fish assemblages are scarce. In this study we describe the influence of gross habitat characteristics and seasonality on coral reef fish assemblages of fringing and patch reefs in Kenya. Results showed that total fish abundance was not significantly different between the reefs; however, the fringing reef had higher species diversity during both the northeast (42 spp.) and southeast (36 spp.) monsoon seasons when compared to the patch reef. The more fished species (e.g. Siganus sutor and Lethrinus mahsena) were more abundant on the patch reef in both seasons. Statistical analysis indicated common species between the reefs were more abundant on the fringing reef. Seasons affected abundance of the more vagile species (S. sutor), whereas the reef‐attached sky emperor, L. mahsena was affected more by reef type than by seasons. No significant interaction effects of habitat and seasons were found, indicating independence of habitat and environmental variability in affecting fish assemblages on the reefs. Smaller sized fish dominated the fringing reef more than the patch reef, whereas the skewness index (Sk) indicated a normal‐sized frequency distribution on the patch reef. Trophic structure of the fishes varied more within than between reefs, whereas fish assemblage structure was affected more by seasons on the fringing reef. These results suggest that conservation measures such as marine protected area (MPA) design and setting should consider effects of reef morphology and environmental variability on coral‐reef fish assemblage structure. 相似文献
15.
Large physical changes that alter reef macrobenthos and fish assemblages occur with increasing depth, so the biological processes that regulate communities at different depths are expected to diverge. We used analyses of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and fatty acids to establish whether shallow (11–25 m) and deep (45–75 m) warm-temperate reef communities within a South African marine protected area differ in their trophic organisation and nutritional condition. We found evidence of enhanced nutritional condition in plankton from the deeper reef as compared with the shallow reef based on the essential fatty acid content, but this effect was generally not observed in the macrobenthos or the fish communities. Community-based indices derived from the stable isotope data indicated that the shallow-reef community had significantly greater niche diversification (greater diversity of carbon sources at the base of the food web) and more niche space occupied than the deep-reef community. One obvious difference in available carbon sources between reef communities was the absence of benthic primary production on the deep reef, where light is limiting. Our results highlight that the decreased trophic diversity, and to an extent functional redundancy, associated with the simplification of food webs at depth may translate into greater vulnerability of deep reefs to disturbance. 相似文献
16.
南沙群岛珊瑚岛礁众多,大多数岛礁具有向海坡陡峭、外礁坪比较平缓的特征。将南沙群岛岛礁的迎浪向地形概化为陡坡和缓坡组成的双斜坡,采用FUNWAVE-TVD模式数值模拟概化地形上的波浪,根据模拟的破碎波高分析其拍岸浪特征。对拍岸浪数值模拟结果进行比较分析,向海坡的坡度对拍岸浪影响不大,外礁坪上拍岸浪高随地形坡度增大而略有增大;向海坡和外礁坪交界位置(即坡折点)水深对拍岸浪有比较明显的影响,拍岸浪高随坡折点水深增大而减小;拍岸浪高随入射波高和波周期增大而增大。利用大量的拍岸浪数值模拟数据对国内外5种统计模型进行检验,并且基于拍岸浪数值模拟数据建立了3种南沙群岛岛礁拍岸浪统计模型,计算结果显示这些模型适用性较好。 相似文献
17.
《Marine Policy》2017
Groupers are highly targeted and vulnerable reef fishes. The effects of fishing pressure on the density of three reef fishes were investigated in 21 islands outside (n=15) and inside (n=6) a Marine Protected Area (MPA) at the Paraty Bay, Brazilian southeastern coast. Two valued groupers (Epinephelus marginatus and Mycteroperca acutirostris) and a non-target grunt (Haemulon aurolineatum) were studied. The total biomass of fish caught in each island was considered as a measure of current fishing pressure, while the island distance from the villages was considered as a measure of past fishing pressure. Fish densities were recordedin number and biomass. The biomass of M. acutirostris was inversely related to current fishing pressure, which did not affect the other two fishes. The density of E. marginatus increased with the island distance from one of the fishing villages, which indicated that past fishing may have had decreased the abundance of E. marginatus. Densities of the three fishes and fishing pressure did not differ between islands inside and outside the MPA. Data on fishing pressure, densities of groupers and coral cover were combined here to assign conservation scores to islands. A redefinition of MPA boundaries to reconcile fish conservation, fishing activities and fishers’ food security was proposed. 相似文献
18.
人工鱼礁对渔业资源和海洋生态环境的影响及相关技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了国内外在不同水深海域实施人工鱼礁工程的现状。分析并研究了不同水深海域人工鱼礁工程的建筑和投放技术,分析并研究了与人工鱼礁工程相关的一些问题及解决这些问题的途径,分析并研究了人工鱼礁区渔业资源增值和改善海洋生态环境的机理。分析得出的结论是:人工鱼礁工程在增值渔业资源和改善海洋生态环境方面是很有发展前景的。 相似文献