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1.
西瓦湖及其邻近河流中双酚A的浓度分布   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
双酚A属于内分泌干扰物,已经被多个国家列入优先污染物名单。本文研究了西瓦湖及其邻近河流各环境介质中双酚A的浓度分布。结果表明.湖内表层水、悬浮物和沉积物中的双酚A浓度分别为6.7~37.8ng/L,0.4~3.5ng/L和3.4~50.5ng/g,西瓦湖北岸河流中双酚A的浓度则高得多,表层水、悬浮物和沉积物中的浓度分别为62.9—3035ng/L,2.5~457.7ng/L和10.5~365.7ng/g。水体和悬浮物中的双酚A浓度呈现北部站位最高,中部其次,西南角水闸附近最低的分布格局,说明其污染源主要来自北岸工业区的废水排放。沉积物中的双酚A浓度出现了中西部地区较高的反常现象,可能与该地区废泥渣的排放有关。与世界上其他地区相比.西瓦湖及其临近河流中双酚A的污染相当严重,其中河流中的双酚A浓度超过了生物效应的临界浓度,可能会对当地的多种生物造成危害。  相似文献   

2.
冬季胶州湾及其周边河流中酚类环境激素的分布特征   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
分析青岛胶州湾及其临近河流中丁基酚、辛基酚、二氯酚和双酚A等环境激素的污染特征。结果表明,胶州湾水体中上述4种污染物的浓度分别为<1.2~28.0,<1.2~16.1,<2.7~9.5和<3.8~161.5ng/L;胶州湾沉积物中上述4种污染物的浓度分别为<1.0~1.4,<1.0~2.8,<0.8~1.6和<0.7~5.4ng/g。胶州湾内上述污染物均呈现东高西低的分布格局,说明湾内污染与沿岸工业分布和河流输入密切相关。胶州湾周围河流中上述污染物浓度远远高于湾内,其中墨水河污染最严重。文中同时讨论了酚类环境激素对当地生物的潜在危害。  相似文献   

3.
黄河入海口壬基酚污染分布特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
黄河口表、底层水体和沉积物中壬基酚的浓度分布特征研究结果表明,表层水体中壬基酚浓度为15.7~148.6 ng/L,平均值为47.5 ng/L;底层水体中壬基酚浓度为15.8~52.7ng/L,平均值为31.0 ng/L;表层沉积物中壬基酚浓度为2.31~5.47 ng/g,平均浓度为3.87ng/g。黄河口水体中壬基酚浓度呈现由河道向出海口外逐渐降低的趋势;河道中表层沉积物壬基酚含量高于出海口外。黄河口水体中壬基酚浓度低于文献中报道的海河口水体中的浓度,表层沉积物中壬基酚含量低于珠江口文献报道值。水体中壬基酚浓度超过抑制藤壶附着浓度(10 ng/L),河道最上游的站点水体中的浓度超过影响太平洋牡蛎幼苗的发育并增加幼苗死亡率的浓度(100 ng/L)。  相似文献   

4.
为了解胶州湾水体和表层沉积物营养环境状况及其主要影响因素,于2019年8月在胶州湾30个站位点采集了海水和表层沉积物样品,并于2021年5月在胶州湾沿岸采集了18个站位点的水样,对水体溶解无机态营养盐浓度和组成以及表层沉积物中总有机碳、总氮、总磷及生物硅含量和碳、氮稳定同位素(δ13C、δ15N)进行了分析。结果表明,胶州湾内水体和沿岸水体中溶解无机氮、溶解无机磷和溶解硅酸盐浓度空间分布相近,高值均位于湾东北部,主要受到河流输入和沿岸污水排放的影响,低值主要出现在湾中部和湾口处。结合近30年来的历史数据分析发现,胶州湾夏季营养盐浓度在1990?2008年期间呈持续上升的趋势,政府实施的污染物总量控制措施以及河流径流量下降使得2006年以来营养盐浓度呈现下降的趋势,该变化在空间上主要体现为大沽河氮、磷输入量的减少及其对应的湾西部营养盐高值的消失。胶州湾氮、磷营养盐输入的不平衡使得“磷限制”在2000年后逐渐加剧。胶州湾表层沉积物中总有机碳、总氮、总磷含量高值均集中于东北部和东部沿岸,结合生物硅和水体营养盐含量分析显示,这主要是河流与排污输入及其带来的高初级生产力造成的,沉积物生源要素与水体营养盐在空间分布上存在较好的耦合关系。沉积物粒度较粗对有机质保存的不利影响以及湾口较强的水动力作用共同导致了湾西部、中部以及湾口的生源要素含量较低。δ13C以及二端元混合模型显示,胶州湾表层沉积物有机质来源总体以海源为主,平均占比为64%,东部沿岸受陆源输入影响较明显。δ15N的空间分布显示,胶州湾表层沉积物中氮元素受到了海水养殖与污水排放的共同影响。水体和沉积物营养环境现状共同表明,对东北部河流和沿岸污水排放的控制是后期胶州湾污染治理的关键。  相似文献   

5.
西瓦湖中壬基酚和双酚A的污染特征   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文研究了西瓦湖内外各环境介质 ,包括表层水体、悬浮物、间隙水和沉积物中的壬基酚和双酚 A的浓度分布。结果表明 ,湖内上述介质中的壬基酚浓度分别为 1 7.4~ 1 1 3.4 ng/ L ,1 5 .6~ 2 8.6 ng/ L,2 4 0~ 3890 ng/ L和 5 .6~ 1 6 2 9ng/ g,西瓦湖外的壬基酚浓度则相对较低。表层水体与其他介质中的壬基酚浓度之间存在显著性相关关系。双酚 A的分布特征与壬基酚相似 ,但前者的浓度较低 ,在上述介质中的浓度分别为 1 3.0~ 5 0 .4 ng/ L,3.2~ 8.5 ng/ L,85~ 2 80 ng/ L和 1 .3~1 1 .2 ng/ g。本文还讨论了西瓦湖中的壬基酚和双酚 A污染对当地生物的潜在危害  相似文献   

6.
渤海南部辛基酚和双酚A污染状况研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究采用固相萃取(SPE)-气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对2012年5月份渤海南部表层海水中的辛基酚(OP)和双酚A(BPA)的污染状况进行了调查。结果表明,渤海南部56个站位表层海水中OP均有检出,浓度范围1.50~20.1 ng/L,平均浓度4.17 ng/L,BPA均有检出,浓度范围1.50~275 ng/L,平均浓度34.8 ng/L。OP高浓度分布在漏油事故区Y系列和黄河口南部、莱州湾西部湾口以及SL20站位,且莱州湾湾口普遍高于湾内;BPA总体分布莱州湾沿岸站位浓度普遍较高。渤海南部表层海水中OP污染较胶州湾等水体严重,BPA浓度部分站位浓度已达到泥螺胚胎生成的4周10%效应浓度(EC10)。由此可知,渤海南部已经受到OP和BPA不同程度的污染,有可能对生物带来一定的生态风险。  相似文献   

7.
Si在胶州湾沉积物-海水界面上的交换速率和通量研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
本文应用实验室培养法研究了 Si O3 - Si在胶州湾 1 6个站位沉积物 -海水界面上的交换速率。考虑培养时间、取样时间和间隔等因素 ,采用连续函数的方法计算了 Si O3 - Si交换速率。结果表明 ,Si O3 - Si在胶州湾沉积物 -海水界面上的交换表现为由沉积物向水体的释放 ,交换速率一般在因为 1~5mmol·m-2· d-1范围内 ,平均为 3.3mmol·m-2· d-1。高含量有机质沉积物 ,特别是生物扰动作用可以增大 Si O3 - Si交换速率。考虑胶州湾各种沉积物类型占胶州湾总面积的权重 ,Si O3 - Si在胶州湾沉积物 -海水界面上的交换通量为 1 .0 6× 1 0 9mmol·d-1 ,是河流输入量的 5.3倍 ,可提供浮游植物生长所需硅的 58%。  相似文献   

8.
胶州湾海水中阴离子表面活性剂的含量及分布   总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6  
根据2003年5月和8月对胶州湾进行的两次现场调查,采用亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定了该海域海水中阴离子表面活性剂含量并初步分析了其分布特点。结果表明,2003年5月胶州湾全湾表层海水中阴离子表面活性剂平均浓度为12.6μg/L,略高于8月份(10.3μg/L);各站位含量有变化,河口及邻近海域站位高于其他站位;表层海水含量高于底层海水。  相似文献   

9.
应用实验室培养法测定了溶解无机氮(DIN)在胶州湾16个站位沉积物-海水界面上的交换速率。结果表明, NH4 -N,NO2 -N和NO3 -N的交换速率一般分别在-0.5~1.6,0.005~0.67, + - --2.0~2.8 mmol/(m2·d)范围内。由于间隙水中DIN主要以NH4 -N形态存在,DIN在胶州湾沉 +积物-海水界面上的交换以NH4 -N的扩散为主,在大部分站位表现为由沉积物向水体的释放, +NO3 -N主要来自NH4 -N的硝化反应,而NO2 -N是NH4 -N和NO3 -N之间化学转化过程的中 - + - + -间产物。考虑胶州湾沉积物类型, 在胶州湾沉积物-海水界面上的交换通量为9.68×108 DINmmol/d,是河流输入DIN的50%左右,可提供维持胶州湾初级生产力所需DIN的52%。  相似文献   

10.
胶州湾的重金属污染研究   总被引:28,自引:2,他引:26       下载免费PDF全文
根据胶州湾海水和表层沉积物样品中重金属含量的分析,探讨了胶州湾的污染现状和发展趋势。将海水和表层沉积物中的重金属含量与该区周边岩石的重金属含量及国家环境标准对比研究表明,胶州湾海水中Cu和Cd含量符合国家一类海水标准,Pb的污染最为严重。胶州湾东部表层沉积物中的Cd、Hg、Pb的含量均超过一类沉积物的国家标准。其主要污染区位于大港至李村河口一带,污染源主要来自陆源污染物,并由河流排出入海所致。胶州湾中部的重金属含量低于国家标准,说明环境状况良好。  相似文献   

11.
厦门港湾沉积物中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的垂直分布特征   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
从厦门港海区采集两根沉积柱样,研究有机氯农药六六六(HCHs),滴滴涕(DDTs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)在沉积物中的垂直分布,HCHs,DDTs及PCBs含量用GC法测定,取自厦门港湾口的1号柱样HCHs,DDTs和PCBs的含量范围分别为0.12~ 0.32ng/g,4.64~10.5ng/g和0.09~0.46ng/g取自厦门西港内湾的5号柱样采分别为0.17~0.31ng/g,3.65  相似文献   

12.
We conducted studies of nutrients and water mass movements in a semi-enclosed bay in northern China to understand nutrient dynamics under varying tidal regimes. Four cruises were conducted under varying tidal regimes in Jiaozhou Bay, two at neap tide and one at spring tide in August and one at spring tide in October 2001. In addition to transect surveys, drift experiments and an anchor station were employed to show current and tidal effects. Samples for nutrient evaluation were taken from the five major tributary rivers in March (dry season) and August (flood season) of 2002 to estimate nutrient transport by rivers, and wastewater samples were collected to evaluate nutrients in wastewater discharge. Benthic nutrient fluxes were determined by (1) incubation of sediments with overlying seawater on board the boat and (2) calculated by Fick’s First Law from nutrient pore water profiles. Nutrient concentrations were high in the north, especially the northeast and northwest sectors, reflecting human activities. Jiaozhou Bay was characterized by high nitrogen, but low phosphorus and silica concentrations compared to Chinese coastal seas. Based on nutrient atomic ratios, the limiting elements for phytoplankton growth in Jiaozhou Bay were silica and phosphorus. The fluxes of nutrients between sediment and overlying water varied depending on the specific nutrient, the site and redox conditions. Benthic nutrient fluxes based on sediment incubations were all lower than the estimated diffusive fluxes, implying that the nutrients released from sediment pore waters were probably utilized by benthic microalgal and bottom-water primary production. A preliminary estimate of nutrient budgets demonstrated that riverine and wastewater inputs were greater than atmospheric deposition into Jiaozhou Bay, except that nitrate from wastewater inputs was less than atmospheric deposition. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus increased while silica decreased in the last four decades, similar to other eutrophicated estuaries. The resulting shift in nutrient composition in Jiaozhou Bay affects phytoplankton composition, trophic interactions, and sustainability of living resources.  相似文献   

13.
对大连湾与杭州湾沉积物样品中多氯联苯(Polychlorinated Biphenyls,PCBs)和有机氯农药(Organochlorine Pesticides,OCPs)进行了分析测定。结果表明,大连湾和杭州湾沉积物中PCBs的含量为0.72~14.87 ng/g和0.76~3.86 ng/g,其中3、4、5氯联苯比例较高,其和超过总含量的70%;OCPs的含量为2.98~32.23 ng/g和1.61~4.71 ng/g,其中主要成分为六六六(Hexachlorocyclohexanes,HCHs)和滴滴涕(Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylenes,DDTs)。大连湾和杭州湾表层沉积物中HCHs主要来自农业使用,而且大连湾有新的DDTs输入,杭州湾表层沉积物中的DDTs则主要来自历史残留。生态风险评价的结果表明,PCBs几乎不会对研究区域产生生态风险,OCPs对杭州湾也不会造成潜在的生态风险,但大连湾的OCPs处于中等风险水平,应当引起关注。  相似文献   

14.
Several organic contaminants in sewage effluent have been shown to elicit an estrogenic response in juvenile fish. Comparatively little emphasis has been placed on assessing these effects in marine invertebrates, particularly benthic organisms inhabiting sediment where lipophilic contaminants tend to persist. The present study examined reproductive effects in the benthic crustacean Leptocheirus plumulosus exposed to sewage-impacted sediment from Jamaica Bay, New York. Data from chronic 28-day tests showed a 50% reduction in the average number of young (juveniles + embryos) produced per surviving female in exposures to sediment from Jamaica Bay (JB). Nonylphenol ethoxylate ('NPEO) concentrations at this site were measured at 44.2 microg/g dw, concentrations two orders of magnitude higher than reference site concentrations in central Long Island Sound (CLIS). Dose-response studies with nonylphenol (NP) amended reference sediment, however, did not significantly affect reproduction suggesting that other contaminants may have contributed to the effects observed.  相似文献   

15.
彭全材  宋金明  李宁 《海洋学报》2018,40(10):71-83
人畜大量使用的抗菌药物随入海径流和点源排放进入到海洋环境中,其分布迁移特征和生态环境风险备受关注,研究探讨抗菌药物的海洋生物地球化学行为对持续利用海洋资源环境意义重大。本文采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-多反应监测扫描模式-质谱法(SPE-HPLC-MRM-MS),研究了胶州湾2017年8月表层海水中6类20种典型抗菌药物的分布与组成特征,并在此基础上探讨了其来源和生态风险。结果表明,表层海水中6类抗菌药物总浓度为12.59~147.69 ng/L,平均浓度为54.82 ng/L,就6大类抗菌药物的平均浓度而言,胶州湾表层海水中四环素类浓度最高,均值达41.32 ng/L,其次是林可霉素类8.56 ng/L,喹诺酮类2.62 ng/L,磺胺类1.15 ng/L,大环内酯类0.82 ng/L,头孢类浓度水平最低为0.35 ng/L;头孢类和林可霉素类在我国海洋环境中被检测到系首次报道,其中林可霉素最高值为96.40 ng/L;表层水抗菌药物湾内高于湾外,湾内分布呈现近岸高于远岸,湾东高于湾西,湾东近岸海区(站点S5)有最高浓度。人用、兽用和人畜共用抗菌药物所占比例分别为52.0%、30.2%和17.8%,人用药物为其主要来源。生态风险评价结果显示,胶州湾表层水体中氧氟沙星和林可霉素对相应的敏感物种存在高生态风险,S5站邻近为高风险区域,应加强排放监控,减少其危害。  相似文献   

16.
Mercury speciation was performed in excess activated sewage sludge (ASS) and in marine sediments collected at the AAS disposal site off the Mediterranean coast of Israel in order to characterize the spatial and vertical distribution of different mercury species and assess their environmental impact. Total Hg (HgT) concentrations ranged between 0.19 and 1003ng/g at the polluted stations and 5.7 and 72.8ng/g at the background station, while the average concentration in ASS was 1181+/-273ng/g. Only at the polluted stations did HgT concentrations decrease exponentially with sediment depth, reaching background values at 16-20cm, the vertical distribution resulting from mixing of natural sediment with ASS solids and bioturbation by large populations of polycheates. Average Methyl Hg (MeHg) concentration in ASS was 39.7+/-7.1ng/g, ca. 3% of the HgT concentration, while the background concentrations ranged between 0.1 and 0.61ng/g. MeHg concentrations in surficial polluted sediments were 0.7-5.9ng/g (ca. 0.5% of the HgT) and decreased vertically, similar to HgT. A positive correlation between MeHg and Hg only at the polluted stations, higher MeHg concentrations at the surface of the sediment and not below the redoxline, and no seasonality in the concentrations suggest that the MeHg originated from the ASS and not from in situ methylation. By doing selective extractions, we found that ca. 80% of the total Hg in ASS and polluted sediments was strongly bound to amorphous organo-sulfur and to inorganic sulfide species that are not bioavailable. The fractions with potential bioaccessible Hg had maximal concentrations in the range in which biotic effects should be expected. Therefore, although no bioaccumulation was found in the biota in the area, the concentration in the polluted sediments are not negligible and should be carefully monitored.  相似文献   

17.
Nonylphenol(NP) and bisphenol A(BPA) are endocrine disruptors causing harmful effects including feminization and carcinogenesis to various organisms,and consequently,their contamination in natural environment has received wide concerns.This study reports the distribution characteristics of NP and BPA in surface sediments and their deposition history based on a dated sediment core in the Changjiang River(Yangtze River) Estuary and its adjacent East China Sea.The contents of NP and BPA in surface sediments ranged from 1.56-35.8 and 0.72-13.2 ng/g(dry mass),respectively,with high values recorded in the two mud zones,the Changjiang River Estuarine Mud Zone and the Zhejiang Coastal Mud Zone.High values in the Zhejiang Coastal Mud Zone suggest the possibility of long distance transport of both contaminants through the Changjiang riverine plume.The contents were not correlated with the distance from the pollution source,indicating other factors including particle deposition rate and sediment grain size obviously affecting the distribution pattern.NP was also detected in a sediment core at layers deposited from the year of 1971 to 2001 with contents of up to 20.9 ng/g(dry mass).The deposition fluxes of NP varied from 0.68 to 17.9 ng/(cm2 · a) with peaks and valleys reflecting the traces of economic development history in China during the previous three decades.BPA was detected at sediment layers deposited from 1973 to 2001 with contents of up to 3.66 ng/g.The fluxes of BPA varied from 0.62 to 3.13 ng/(cm2 · a) showing a similar pattern as NP.The contents of NP and BPA also indicated potential risks on benthic organisms in the study area.  相似文献   

18.
胶州湾水域有机农药六六六分布及迁移   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
根据1979年的胶州湾水域调查资料,分析有机农药六六六(HCH)在胶州湾水域的分布、迁移和季节变化。分析结果表明,在一年中,胶州湾水域夏季HCH的污染严重,而春、秋季污染较轻。在时空分布上,春、夏、秋季整个胶州湾水域的HCH水平分布比较均匀,属于面污染源。HCH的表、底层含量都相近,水体的垂直分布均匀。整个胶州湾水域,春季HCH含量增加,夏季迭到高峰5.393~12.480μg/L,秋季降低到低值0.073~0.685μg/L,这与胶州湾的入湾河流的流量变化相一致。因此认为,农药HCH的使用导致胶州湾水域HCH含量的变化。  相似文献   

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