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1.
东海海樽类数量分布及与环境的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提要根据1997—2000年东海23°30′—33°00′N、118°30′—128°00′E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,采用方差贡献和逐步回归分析方法探讨东海海樽类的数量变化和相应的动力学。结果表明,海樽类是东海浮游动物第二大类群,在数量上仅次于桡足类,其丰度春季最高,夏季次之,冬季最低;冬、春和夏季的东方双尾纽鳃樽(Thalia orientalis)和冬、秋季的小齿海樽(Doliolum denticulatum)是影响海樽类数量分布的主要优势种;海樽类高丰度区常位于暖流与各水团交汇处的偏暖流一侧,其数量变化的动力主要来自暖流势力的消长。海樽类在东海出现率较低,集群性强,较高丰度的分布仅局限在暖流势力范围内,其高丰度水域是东海暖流锋面的一个重要标志。 相似文献
2.
北黄海海樽类的种类组成和分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(6)
为研究北黄海海樽类的群落特征,根据2006—2007年北黄海(36.95°N~39.66°N,120.95°E~124.02°E)海域4个季节的海洋调查资料,分析了北黄海海樽类的种类组成、数量变化、分布特征及其与环境的关系。结果显示:北黄海共记录到浮游海樽类4种,其中春季1种,夏季3种,秋季1种,冬季在北黄海未记录到海樽类。梭形纽鳃樽(Salpafusiformis)在春季和夏季两个季节都有出现,分布区主要位于黄海中部,且夏季大于春季,两季节的平均丰度分别为5.2和2.5ind/m3。贝环纽鳃樽(Cyclosalpa bakeri)仅在夏季出现,分布在黄海冷水团区,平均丰度仅为0.1ind/m3。软拟海樽(Dolioetta gegenbauri)仅在夏季1个站位出现,丰度仅为0.2ind/m3。暖水种小齿海樽(Doliolum denticulatum)是秋季北黄海唯一记录到的海樽类,分布几乎遍及整个研究水域,并具有很高的丰度,平均丰度为34.4ind/m3。典型的暖水种小齿海樽在北黄海的大量出现并成为浮游动物的优势种可能是温带水域的海洋生态系统对全球变暖的响应信号。 相似文献
3.
台湾南湾区秋末冬初海樽类的种类组成和数量分布 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据2001年11月2--3日和12月8--10日在台湾南湾12个测站分别用2种圆锥形浮游生物网(长180cm，网口直径45cm，网目333μm或200μm)采集表层和底层的浮游动物样品，分析了南湾浮游海樽类的种类组成和数量分布，其鉴定海樽类16利，其中7种为台湾周围海域新记录。东方双尾纽鳃樽和小齿海樽为优势种。南湾海樽类的种类数及个体数量均以12月多于11月。讨论了水文条件与海樽类时空分布的关系，认为外海高盐水团足南湾冬季海樽类生态特征的主要制约因子。典型的高温高盐种大西洋火体虫、长吻纽鳃樽、安纽鳃樽、多手纽鳃樽、书氏纽鳃樽、羽环纽鳃樽和斑点纽鳃樽等可以作为外海高温高盐水入侵南湾的指标种。与邻近海域比较，秋冬季南湾与台湾岛以东海域海樽类的区系特征比与台湾海峡和南海北部更加相似。 相似文献
4.
长江口海域是受人类活动以及自然变动多重压力影响下的典型水域。为研究长江口海域浮游动物群落动态, 作者基于1998～2011年每年5月(春季)和11月(秋季)长江口海域(30°30′～32°00′N、121°00′～123°20′E)浮游动物调查资料, 利用多元统计分析方法, 开展了该水域浮游动物群落结构分析。基于物种组成及相对丰度进行聚类, 春、秋季长江口海域的浮游动物可分为3个群落: A(淡水/半咸水群落、B(过渡群落)、C(外海群落)。群落的地理分布与海域的盐度梯度分布相对应, 其中: 浮游动物群落A与群落B的地理分界一般在盐度等值线14～18, 群落B与群落C的地理分界一般在盐度等值线24～28。淡水种以及半咸水种只在群落A中占优势; 水母类只在群落C中优势度值较高。比较分析1998～2011年各群落的物种多样性的年间变化, 发现秋季群落A的物种多样性呈现显著升高的趋势, 而群落B的物种多样性呈现显著降低的趋势; 春季, 群落B的物种多样性呈现显著升高的趋势, 而群落C则呈现显著降低的趋势。 相似文献
5.
东海浮游介形类(Ostracods)分布特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
根据1997~2000年东海(23°30'~33°00'N,118°30'~128°00'E)海域四季海洋调查资料,探讨了东海浮游介形类分布特征及与环境的关系.结果表明:东海浮游介形类丰度占浮游动物总丰度的3.47%;春、夏、秋和冬四季平均丰度分别为0.70,1.72,2.57和0.90个/m3;冬春季的短棒真浮萤(Euconchoecia chierchiae),夏季的后圆真浮萤(Euconchoecia maimai)和秋季的齿形海萤(Cypridi-na dentata)分别是各季的主要优势种;夏、秋季介形类总丰度与水文环境因子的线性相关性不显著,春季与表层盐度相关,冬季与表层温度相关.东海北部外海四季均有介形类高丰度区出现,但在东海北部近海长江口及其邻近舟山水域,介形类数量相对较低.在东海南部,冬春季高丰度区位于外海,夏秋季在近海.东海浮游介形类基本上是一大类较为典型的暖水性且具有集群行为的海洋浮游动物.介形类秋季高丰度区和较高丰度区的分布与太平洋褶柔鱼(Todarodes pacificus)、绿鳍马面鲀(Navodon Septentrionalis)、鲐鯵鱼类等渔场的位置基本一致,在渔业上有重要的意义. 相似文献
6.
根据2015年夏(8月)、秋(10月)2季在诏安湾及毗邻海域开展的30个站浮游动物监测资料,研究了该海域浮游动物的种类组成、数量分布和多样性.结果显示:共鉴定浮游动物103种和浮游幼体24类,桡足类为绝对优势的类群.优势种有14种,锥形宽水蚤(Temora turbinata)、异体住囊虫(Oikopleura dioica)和强额孔雀水蚤(Parvocalanus crassirostris)是该海域重要的优势种群.生态类群以近岸暖水类群和外海广布类群为主.夏季浮游动物丰度平均为761个/m3,秋季为81个/m3;夏季浮游动物生物量平均为237mg/m3,秋季为52 mg/m3.夏季浮游动物种类数、丰度、生物量及变化幅度均明显高于秋季,夏季湾外浮游动物种类数、丰度、生物量及变化幅度均明显大于湾内,秋季湾外浮游动物种类数、丰度及变化幅度均明显大于湾内,夏、秋季浮游动物种类数和丰度总体分布均呈现由湾内往湾外逐渐增加趋势.夏季浮游动物多样性指数平均为2.46,秋季为3.14.与历史资料比较:本次调查海域浮游动物种类数和平均丰度均有较大幅度升高,但平均生物量有较大幅度下降. 相似文献
7.
根据2002—2003年长江口28°00'~32°00'N,122°00'~123°30'E海域4个季节的海洋调查数据,运用定量、定性方法探讨了长江口及邻近海域浮游端足类总丰度的平面分布、季节变化及与渔场的关系,分析了优势种的数量变动和对浮游端足类总丰度的贡献,并与东海外海种类的生态特征做了比较。结果表明,长江口及邻近海域浮游端足类丰度季节变化主要受温度的影响,而平面分布变化则与盐度相关。平均丰度在夏季最高(2.75个/m3),在冬季最低(0.10个/m3)。本次调查共发现浮游端足类49种,江湖独眼钩虾(Monoculodes limnophilus)和裂颏蛮(Lestrigonus schizogeneios)是最主要的优势种,江湖独眼钩虾在四季中对端足类总丰度都有很大贡献,在春秋冬三季为第一优势种,说明江湖独眼钩虾对相对较低的温度具有一定的适应能力,裂颏蛮则只在春夏秋季有较大贡献,其中夏季裂颏蛮贡献率为0.87,高于江湖独眼钩虾,这与裂颏蛮具有较高温度的环境适应能力有关。浮游端足类种类数与总丰度都与表层温度的线性相关显著,同表层盐度的相关不显著。作为长江口鱼类的重要饵料之一,浮游端足类的数量分布对长江口和舟山海域渔场的形成有重要的意义。 相似文献
8.
浙江沿岸海域浮游动物的分布特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2003年和2004年的夏、秋季对浙江沿岸(27°05′～30°54′N、121°04′～123°19′E)50 m等深线(禁渔线附近,下称外侧海域,站号为P1至P20)和10 m等深线(下称内侧海域,站号为1至17)37个采样站大、小潮汛浮游动物的种类组成、数量分布、优势种及群落特征进行了调查和分析.在调查海区被发现的浮游动物共有234种,属19个大类,其中桡足类66种,水母类42种,浮游软体类、端足类和毛颚类各13种,浮游多毛类9种,糠虾7种,介形类和樱虾各6种,被囊类5种,涟虫和磷虾各4种,枝角类3种,另有各种浮游幼体、仔鱼30种及其它.浮游动物的生物量均值分布是:内侧海域为289.9±43.4 mg/m3,大潮汛为258.9±73.6 mg/m3,小潮汛为320.8±47.3 mg/m3;外侧海域为318.9±49.8 mg/m3,大潮汛为390.5±89.1 mg/m3,小潮汛为247.2±41.4 mg/m3.浮游动物的丰度均值分布是:内侧海域为751.2±138.4个/m3,大潮汛为531.8±94.4个/m3,小潮汛为971.5±253.2个/m3;外侧海域为816.8±137.2个/m3,大潮汛为1 041.0±243.8个/m3,小潮汛为592.5±111.8个/m3.本次调查的结果表明,桡足类对浮游动物丰度的贡献最大,其余依次为毛颚类、水母类、被囊类和浮游幼虫,它们是浮游动物组成数量的主要类群.调查海区出现优势度大于0.02的种类有15种,内侧海域有9种,外侧海域有10种,其中有4种是内、外侧海域共有种.就潮汛和纬度而言浮游动物群落结构指数无明显区别,丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数较高而单纯度低,群落结构状态良好.但各类指数变幅较大(种类数为16～55,丰富度为1.73～6.77,单纯度为0.06～0.54,多样度为1.67～4.51,均匀度为0.33～0.87),表明了浮游动物群落结构的不稳定性还存在.根据调查海区浮游动物的生态习性和分布特点,可将其划分为近岸低盐、沿岸暖温、近海暖水、暖水广布和热带外海5个生态类型,其中以近海暖水和暖水广布性种类为主要类群. 相似文献
9.
Ⅱ.3. 带鱼种群特征和种群数量变动规律 著者根据已经公开发表过的生态习性和形态特征等资料分析,认为带鱼种群有:1.南海种群;2.东海种群;3.黄渤海种群等3个种群。 Ⅱ.3.1.种群特征 A.越冬场的分布 秋末冬初,南海种群带鱼移动到水深60～150m一带的深水区,如粤西深水区(19°30′～21°00′N,111 °30′～113°00′E) 相似文献
10.
本文根据2004～2006年闽东沿岸（26°30′00″～27°10′00″N，119°59′40″～120°33′00″E）暖水季节6个航次的浮游动物调查资料，比较分析研究了调查区暖水季节的浮游动物种类组成、数量分布和优势种变化．3年调查结果表明，该海域出现的浮游动物种类数分别为151、127和144种，种类组成变化不大，强额孔雀哲水蚤（Pavocalanus crassirostri）、小拟哲水蚤（Paracalanus parvus）等在各航次中都占据明显优势地位；调查期间该海域的浮游动物群落面貌以近岸暖水种和外海热带种为主，这两类生态类群的浮游动物构成本海区的主要优势类群；生物量分布不均匀，总体平面分布趋势是：北高南低，从沿岸到近海，浮游动物生物量随盐度上升而下降；优势种分布极不均匀，聚块现象明显． 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献