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1.
北极沉积物中正构烷烃的组合特征及古沉积环境的研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
报道了北极楚科奇海和白令海沉积物中正构烷烃的含量和分布类型,并通过因子分析方法对正构烷烃的来源和古沉积环境加以初步探讨.研究结果表明,正构烷烃碳数分布范围多数在nC15～nC33之间,分布类型有两种,第1种高分子碳范围,MH为nC25～nC27,CPI大于1,奇偶优势显著.第2种低分子碳范围,MH为nC17～nC20,奇偶优势不明显.以上特征指示了正构烷烃来源于陆源高等植物和海洋内生两个部分,并且以陆源贡献最大.楚科奇海和白令海大部分测站的Pr/Ph小于1,指示了缺氧还原沉积环境.因子分析结果与样品中正构烷烃不同分子组成特征相互对应. 相似文献
2.
长江、黄河河口沉积物中生物标志化合物组成的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
该文对长江口、黄河口以及废黄河口现代沉积物中生物标志化合物组成进行分析。结果表明 :长江与黄河沉积物中的生物标志化合物组成有较大的差别 ,长江沉积物中具明显奇偶优势的高碳数正构烷烃以及 C2 9甾烷的相对含量较高 ,Pr/Ph值较大 ,受陆生高等植物的影响明显 ;黄河低碳数正构烷烃和 C2 7甾烷的相对含量较高 ,Pr/Ph值较小 ,受陆生高等植物的影响较弱。甾烷、萜烷的成熟度指数显示长江高于黄河、现代黄河高于废黄河。这些差异主要受流域环境背景和流域内人文过程两大不同因素的影响 相似文献
3.
东营凹陷南斜坡原油生物标志物特征和油源对比 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对东营凹陷南斜坡沙四段油砂采样和高分辨率的GC-MS分析,研究了南斜坡沙四段原油的生物标志物特征,并且进行了油源对比,分析了原油成因.C29甾烷20 S/20(R S)和C29甾烷ββ/(αα ββ)参数显示纯化、乐安、广利、金家和王家岗部分样品为低成熟原油.小营、正理庄、高青和王家岗部分地区样品为成熟油原油.C27/C29>1反映广利、纯化和金家母源输入有低等水生生物输入,C27/C29<1反映王家岗、草桥、高青和小营地区母源有高等植物的贡献.原油中正构烷烃主要以奇数碳占优势,碳数分布为nC14-nC34,普遍存在生物降解,个别样品正构烷烃几乎消失殆尽.多数样品Pr/Ph<1,具有明显地植烷优势,伽马蜡烷/C30藿烷分布介于0.15～1之间,说明母源沉积环境为半咸水-咸水还原沉积环境.油源对比表明博兴地区的原油主要来自于博兴洼陷的沙三、沙四上段烃源岩.纯化油田油源主要来自于利津和博兴洼陷沙四上亚段,乐安、八面河、羊角沟、王家岗、广利油田的原油来自牛庄洼陷沙四上亚段. 相似文献
4.
南海现代沉积物中正构烷烃碳分子组合特征及其指示意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用1998年6~9月南海海洋环境调查及1987年SO-50中德联合调查中所取得的资料,对南海沉积物中正构烷烃碳分子组合特征进行分析和研究,并将南海与渤海、黄海、东海现代沉积过程中的正构烷烃碳分子组合特征进行对比,结果表明:(1)南海北部沉积物中正构烷烃碳分子分布范围为nC15~nC33,双峰群,居前的低碳数主峰碳为nC19~nC22,居后的高碳数主峰碳为nC27,nC24以后奇碳的优势明显,OEP为2.13,nC23-/nC24 值平均为1.53,沉积物中陆源输入居多;南海南部沉积物中正构烷烃碳分子分布范围为nC15~nC33,呈双峰群,居前的低碳数峰群以nC19~nC23为主峰碳,居后的高碳数峰群以nC27或nC29为主峰碳,OEP为1.58,nC23-/nC24 值平均为2.15,沉积物中海洋生物来源居多。南海沉积物中正构烷烃碳分子为海洋和陆源两种有机质来源。(2)南海南部处于典型热带海洋环境,生物生产力较高,大量硅质、钙质生物在海域繁殖,生物效应降低了陆源物质的丰度。物源效应和生物效应的差异是南海南、北部现代沉积物的碳分子组合分布变化的主要原因。(3)南海现代沉积物各站位沉积物中正构烷烃的P r/Ph值基本小于1,说明沉积物沉积时为缺氧还原的沉积环境,但局部海域沉积环境具有较强的氧化性,沉积物在沉积过程中一定程度上受到涌升的南极底层水的影响。(4)南海与东海、黄海、渤海不同海域沉积物中正构烷烃碳分子组合特征对比可知,各海域沉积物均显示出物源效应。 相似文献
5.
正构烷烃的组合特征是古环境研究的有力工具,但在渤海-北黄海低碳数正构烷烃的来源及其指示意义的研究还较缺乏。本文主要对渤海-北黄海60个站位表层沉积物中的正构烷烃(C14~C38)的组成、分布、各指标间的相关性及其来源进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)渤海-北黄海的正构烷烃组成呈单峰模式,C27、C29、C31正构烷烃含量较高,且具有明显奇碳优势。(2)各个站位中高碳数正构烷烃碳优势指数(CPIH)空间分布表明该研究海域陆源输入主要沉积在河口;烷烃指数(AI)表示该海域整体上陆源输入的草本植物与木本植物所占比例相似;低碳数正构烷烃碳优势指数(CPIL)的平均值为0.9,不具有奇偶碳优势,可能受到石油及其衍生物的影响。(3)主成分分析(PCA)发现渤海-北黄海表层沉积物中高低碳数正构烷烃分布不仅受水动力影响,来源也是其分布的重要影响因素。(4)将高碳数正构烷烃相对含量((C27+C29+C31)/TOC)和低碳数正构烷烃相对含量((C15+C17+C19)/TOC)分别与三种浮游植物生物标志物相对含量((B+D+A)/TOC)做相关性分析,进一步表明该研究海域高碳数正构烷烃来自陆源输入,C15、C17、C19正构烷烃不能作为海源生物标志物。此外,降解指数(C26正构醇/C29正构烷烃)与C15+C17+C19正构烷烃含量的对比表明降解不是该研究海域低碳数正构烷烃分布的主要控制因素。低碳数正构烷烃的来源和分布控制机制还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
6.
在较系统地定量分析了西太平洋WP02-1柱状样品中的有机碳、可溶有机质(氯仿沥青“A”)及其族组成(总烃、饱和烃、芳烃、非烃、沥青质)、正构烷烃分子组合指数(nC-23/nC+24、CPI)、类异戊二烯烃(Pr/Ph、Pr/nC17、Ph/nC18)的基础上,研究了它们的组成来源、正构烷烃生物标志化合物的地球化学特征,同时结合成矿元素Fe、Mn含量进行相关性分析。研究发现,有机烃类组分与成岩成矿元素有密切的成因联系,这一区域在Fe、Mn成岩成矿过程中,有机质起到重要作用。 相似文献
7.
青岛浴场表层海水正构烷烃和芳烃组成分布特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对青岛浴场表层海水中正构烷烃和多环芳烃组成、分布及来源进行分析。分别在第一海水浴场(以下简称一浴)、第二海洋浴场(以下简称二浴)、黄岛金沙滩海水浴场和五四广场4个站位采集表层海水,经萃取、浓缩后用气质联用法(GC-MS)进行测定。结果表明,各站位海水中正构烷烃谱图均为双峰型,主峰碳和奇偶优势各不相同,正构烷烃(∑n-alk)含量为1.14-25.47μg/L;多环芳烃(∑PAHs)含量为201.01-314.30 ng/L,以二、三环的萘、苊、二氢苊、芴、菲、荧蒽为优势组分;一浴、二浴和五四广场海水正构烷烃以石油、化石燃料的不完全燃烧等人类活动输入为主,金沙滩海水正构烷烃以硅藻、细菌等浮游生物的输入为主;一浴、二浴和金沙滩海水多环芳烃主要来源于石油污染和化石燃料燃烧的混合源,五四广场海水多环芳烃主要来自石油源;正构烷烃特征比值CPI,OEP,Pr/Ph均指示四种海水受到石油污染。 相似文献
8.
本文对西太平洋麦哲伦海山CM3D06富钴结壳进行了钙质超微化石生物地层学研究,发现结壳中有代表白垩纪(晚期)、古新世(晚期)、始新世(早、中、晚期)、中新世(中期)、上新世(晚期)和更新世等各时代的标准钙质超微化石,表明结壳的形成始于白垩纪(晚期);在富钴结壳中检出正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃、甾烷类等众多分子化石,分子化石组合特征指数、主峰碳、ΣC-23/C+24、CPI、Pr/Ph、Pr/nC17、Ph/nC18和nC31/nC17显示有机质生物母源主要为海洋浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖非光合作用的菌类,而甾烷类的C29、C28和C27含量分布的变化则说明生物种群具有快速演变的特征。此外,还探讨了CM3D06结壳中Pr/Ph和有机碳同位素组成变化与结壳生长过程中的海洋环境演化的关联程度。 相似文献
9.
南黄海海底沉积物饱和烃类地球化学特征及其指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南黄海海底沉积物正构烷烃分布具有3种类型：第1类以低碳数占优势，主要来源于以浮游生物和细菌为主的有机质；第2类以高碳数占优势，主要来源于以陆源高等植物蜡供应为主的有机质；第3类显示双峰特征，陆源高等植物蜡与浮游生物和细菌均具有一定的贡献。Pr／Ph比值的范围为0．174～0．753之间，显示植烷优势，代表还原环境，其中，一些Pr／Ph比值相对较高的站位也一定程度上反映了存在陆生高等植物的贡献。藿烷和甾烷组成指示，有机质主要来源于陆地植物，沉积物来源区所处的环境为大陆、港湾及河湾及其过渡环境。一些站位样品的藿烷和甾烷等相关参数显示，南黄海海底沉积物具有较高的成熟度，明显偏离现代生物所应有的藿烷和甾烷等相关参数范围，表明有石油源有机质混入的迹象，混入的石油源烃可能来自人类活动和海底油气渗漏。 相似文献
10.
采用气相色谱法对渤海海上6个不同区块、7个平台的8口油井原油中正构烷烃组分及姥鲛烷植烷进行了定性定量分析,通过原始指纹谱图、正构烷烃组分及姥鲛炕植烷浓度分布比较和特征比值比较对原油进行了鉴别.结果表明,不同区块的原油指纹信息不尽相同,即使同一平台不同油井所产的原油指纹也存在一定差异,采用气相色谱法进行分析可对其进行鉴别.原油的风化对特征比值影响较小,可利用其进行风化油样的鉴别.为确保鉴别的准确性,分析过程中必须实施严格质量控制措施. 相似文献
11.
SUN Peiyan BAO Mutai GAO Zhenhui LI Mei ZHAO Yuhui WANG Xinping ZHOU Qing WANG Xiulin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(5):55-62
1 IntroductionWith the development of industry, more andmore petroleum energy sources are needed. The ex-ploitation of, especially benthal, develops quickly.The spilled oil accidents occur inevitably during oilexploitation and transportation. For example, in theBohai Sea, there are more than 1 000 oil wells andthe spilled oil accidents occur almost every year. Allkinds of dissension arose since the accidents couldnot be dealt with effectively in time. The key stepwhich affects the accidents … 相似文献
12.
埕北低断阶区沙二段是大港油田近年来重点勘探层系之一,研究目标层段原油特点及油源对比分析对油气勘探具有重要的意义.研究表明,原油物理性质总体表现出高成熟原油特征,具有四低一高的特点,即低密度,低黏度,低胶质＋沥青含量、低含硫量及高含蜡量.原油地球化学性质和原油生物标志特征整体反映出生油母质形成于湖相沉积弱还原环境,具有丰富的藻类贡献,也表现出高成熟油特征.通过原油的物理四性分析和层系间油岩生物标志特征对比研究,分析认为其油气来源为两个方面：主要方面来自歧口凹陷和歧南次凹两大生油凹陷的双向供油,另一方面油气来自沙二段烃源岩的自生自储和沙三段的高成熟烃源岩. 相似文献
13.
多环芳烃油指纹应用于船舶溢油鉴别研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
溢油种类主要包括船舶燃料油和原油,二者性质的差异决定了鉴别方法也相应不同,寻求适合于船舶溢油的鉴别方法具有重要意义。在使用柱色谱层析方法对样品进行分离前处理的基础上,以气相色谱/质谱方法(GC-MS)为主要分析手段,对溢油样品和可疑船舶溢油源样品的多环芳烃油指纹特征进行对比,并在多环芳烃油指纹参数的基础上进一步进行多环芳烃内组成三角图分布特征与聚类分析研究,成功为珠江口水域某船舶溢油事故追踪到肇事溢油源。结果表明:取自丁船的油样和现场溢油样芳烃油指纹特征最为相近,是此次溢油事故的溢油源。受风化作用后的船舶燃料油中饱和烃类化合物数量稀少,且含量极低,不适合用于溢油鉴别,而多环芳烃类化合物较饱和烃类化合物而言具有含量高、种类丰富的特点,是该类溢油鉴别的主要油指纹依据。使用油指纹参数进行可疑溢油源识别时,充分考虑油品中有机分子所受风化影响程度的不同是风化条件下溢油鉴定的关键。因此,多环芳烃油指纹可以有效应用于船舶燃料油溢油的鉴别。 相似文献
14.
In total, 2.37 million tons of marine crude oil originating from mixed source rocks has been discovered in the Tarim basin. Geological and geochemical analyses have confirmed that these mixed hydrocarbons are mainly from two sets of source rocks, including the Cambrian – Lower Ordovician and Middle-Upper Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks. In this study, we determined the set of source rocks primarily responsible for the mixed hydrocarbons and the next location to be explored. Differences in n-alkane carbon isotopes in end-member oils from Cambrian–Lower Ordovician and Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks were examined. A material balance model and simulation methods were used to evaluate the relative amounts contributed by each source. The results from known reserves in the Tazhong area show that the mixing ratio or contribution is up to 65% from Cambrian–Lower Ordovician source rocks and is generally higher than that from Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks. The discovery of deep hydrocarbons has caused the total oil contribution from the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician to increase. The mixing ratio of Cambrian–Lower Ordovician oil varies depending on the well, formation, and block. It increases from west to east horizontally and from top to bottom vertically. Hydrocarbons from Cambrian–Lower Ordovician source rocks migrate upward along faults, and the mixing ratio decreases as the distance from the oil source fault increases. Favorable areas for Cambrian–Lower Ordovician hydrocarbon exploration are deep layers and areas near the fault zone that are connected to deep layers. The material balance model for carbon isotopes and evaluation methods for relative contributions considered differences in relative concentration and carbon isotope structure of n-alkanes. Herein, new methods for the identification and evaluation of hydrocarbons in the petroleum system of this superimposed basin are presented. 相似文献
15.
运用族组分、色谱、色谱-质谱等地化测试手段,总结了文昌13—1／2油田原油物性、母质类型及成熟度等地化特征,并分析了原油的来源。认为文昌13一1／2油田原油为典型的低硫、中高蜡陆相油源特征的正常成熟原油,推断原油主要来自文昌B凹陷文昌组滨浅湖相烃源岩。 相似文献
16.
Crude oil samples from Cretaceous and Tertiary reservoir sections in the Zagros Fold Belt oil fields, southern Iraq were investigated using non-biomarker and biomarker parameters. The results of this study have been used to assess source of organic matter, and the genetic link between oils and their potential source rocks in the basin. The oils are characterized by high sulphur and trace metal (Ni, V) contents and relatively low API gravity values (17.4–22.7° API). This indicates that these oils are heavy and generated from a marine source rock containing Type II-S kerogen. This is supported by their biomarker distributions of normal alkanes, regular isoprenoids, terpanes and steranes and the bulk carbon isotope compositions of their saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. The oils are characterized by low Pr/Ph ratios (<1), high values of the C35 homohopane index and C31-22R/C30 hopane ratios, relatively high C27 sterane concentrations, and the predominance of C29-norhopane. These biomarkers suggest that the oils were generated predominantly from a marine carbonate source rock, deposited under reducing conditions and containing plankton/algal and microorganisms source input. The presence of gammacerane also suggests water column stratification during source rock deposition.The biomarker characteristics of the oils are consistent with those of the Middle Jurassic Sargelu carbonate as the effective source rock in the basin. Biomarker maturity data indicate that the oils were generated from early maturity source rocks. 相似文献
17.
The Erlian Basin is located in the Central Asia-Mongolian fold belt between the Siberian and Sino-Korean Cratons. It is a Mesozoic continental rift basin composed of 52 individual fault-depressions. The main phase of rifting took place during the Early Cretaceous when a series of fluvial-lacustrine sediments were deposited. Each depression forms an independent sedimentary system and behaves as an independent petroleum system. Hydrocarbon source rocks are found in the upper Arshan and lower Tengger Formations. These are mainly type II source rocks and are mainly located in oil generation window at the present day. A series of oilfields and commercial oil flows have been found in the basin, highlighting its good petroleum potential. Many of these oils are heavy.Six oil samples from the Anan and ten from the Jirgalangtu Depressions have been subjected to routine geochemical analytical techniques in order to evaluate the origins. The methods used include gas chromatography of the saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions, gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction and stable carbon isotope analyses. The trace metal elements of the biodegraded oils from the Jirgalangtu Depression were also analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy.Two types of heavy oils : primary and biodegraded were identified on the basis of these data. The former includes both immature and mature heavy oils. A filtering-and-spill process was proposed to explain the origin of primary mature heavy oils (or tar-mat) in the Anan Depression. The biodegraded oils from the Jirgalangtu Depression were ranked and classified in terms of the degree of biodegradation, using a series of geochemical parameters based on the gas chromatographic concentrations and biomarker fingerprints of gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction. The relationship between oil saturation and porosity indicates that the heavy oils in the Jirgalangtu Depression were biodegraded after they accumulated. 相似文献
18.
本文基于水槽溢油观测实验，研究溢油乳化过程中表面散射特性的变化。利用全极化C波段微波散射计和矢量网络分析仪等测量设备对易发生乳化反应沥青含量小于3%的原油（A型油）、油田中开采出的新鲜原油（B型油）和经过脱水去杂质处理的工业原油（C型油）进行观测。文中详细分析了在C波段微波下乳化油膜与平静水面的后向散射差异，以及油膜乳化过程对后向散射的影响，结果显示在低风速、无浪的条件下（最大波高低于3mm），原油的乳化反应可通过表面粗糙度和自身介电常数的变化来调制雷达后向散射，并且这两种方式中表面粗糙度的影响占主导地位。对比B型和C型原油在乳化状态和未乳化状态下的表面后向散射，结果显示在各状态下B型油膜表面后向散射均大于C型油，且在VV、HH、HV/VH极化方式下两者后向散射平均差异分别为2.19 dB、2.63 dB、2.21 dB，在20%油膜含水率的乳化状态下差异较未乳化状态时小，平均差异分别为0.98 dB、1.49 dB、1.5 dB，结果表明不同类型油种间由于成分和油膜属性的不同会在一定程度上导致油膜表面粗糙度存在差异，影响油膜表面后向散射。 相似文献
19.
Sixty crude oils from the Termit Basin (Eastern Niger) were analysed using biomarker distributions and bulk stable carbon isotopic compositions. Comprehensive oil-to-oil correlation indicates that there are two distinct families in the Termit Basin. The majority of the oils are geochemically similar and characterized by low Pr/Ph (pristane to phytane ratios) and high gammacerane/C30 hopane ratios, small amounts of C24 tetracyclic terpanes but abundant C23 tricyclic terpane, and lower δ13C values for saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. All of these geochemical characteristics indicate possible marine sources with saline and reducing depositional environments. In contrast, oils from well DD-1 have different geochemical features. They are characterized by relatively higher Pr/Ph and lower gammacerane/C30 hopane ratios, higher amounts of C24 tetracyclic terpane but a low content of C23 tricyclic terpane, and relatively higher δ13C values for saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. These geochemical signatures indicate possible lacustrine sources deposited under freshwater, suboxic-oxic conditions. This oil family also has a unique biomarker signature in that there are large amounts of C30 4α-methylsteranes indicating a freshwater lacustrine depositional environment.The maturity of the Termit oils is assessed using a number of maturity indicators based on biomarkers, alkyl naphthalenes, alkyl phenanthrenes and alkyl dibenzothiophenes. All parameters indicate that all of the oils are generated by source rocks within the main phase of the oil generation stage with equivalent vitrinite reflectance of 0.58%–0.87%. 相似文献
20.
The quantitative characterization of carbon isotopes of n-alkanes is commonly carried out in organic geochemical studies. Possible controls on carbon isotopes include source organic matter, maturity, fractionation during oil expulsion and migration, and the mixing of different oils. In this study of the origin of crude oils in the western Pearl River Mouth Basin, the influences of all of these factors have been considered in reaching a conclusion. Carbon isotopes of n-alkanes in the crude oils, and the extracts of the two effective source rocks (the Wenchang and Enping formations) in the basin, exhibit clear differences. The Wenchang source rocks have heavy δ13C values that remain almost constant or become slightly heavier with increasing carbon number. The Enping source rocks have light δ13C values that become lighter with increasing carbon number. Two groups of oils in this area were identified based on the carbon isotopes of the n-alkanes; groupIoils are similar to extracts of the Wenchang source rocks. However, the groupIIoils are different from both the Wenchang and Enping source rocks and the carbon isotopic profiles of their n-alkanes exhibit a “V” feature with increasing carbon number. The results of artificial thermal maturation experiments indicate that, from the early stage to the peak stage of oil generation (with EasyRo between 0.64% and 1.02%), the δ13C values of n-alkanes in the pyrolysis oils become heavier by about 3‰ with increasing thermal maturity, but the shape of the carbon isotopic profiles are not significantly changed. Calculated δ13C values of n-alkanes in “mixed” artificial pyrolysis oils indicate that the mixture of oils generated from the same source rocks with different maturities could not change the carbon isotopic profile of the n-alkanes, however, a mixing of the Wenchang and Enping oils could give the “V” feature in the profiles, similar to the groupIIoils in this area. The groupIIoils appear to be mixed Wenchang and Enping oils, the latter being the dominant component in the mixture. We conclude that the source organic matter and the degree of mixing are the main factors controlling the carbon isotopic characteristics of n-alkanes in crude oils in the western Pearl River Mouth Basin. 相似文献