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1.
应用GPS技术对杭州湾跨海大桥进行首级控制网测量,结果表明:(1)合理布设GPS控制网,并采用设置深桩固埋测量标志、增加有效观测时间、加强数据可靠性与精确性的检验、选择科学及合理的坐标系统等方法,可提高观测数据的质量和精度。同时,对观测数据采用Bernese高精度基线处理软件和精密星历进行基线解算、网平差和坐标转换,保证了杭州湾跨海大桥首级控制网的精度在厘米级之内,使成果的质量达到优良。(2)Bernese基线数据的闭合环及复测基线的检核表明:同步环、异步环闭合差量值及复测基线互差量值全部符合限差要求,且在允许值的1/3以内的基线环数分别占93.3%、77.7%和100%,其成果精度达到优良。(3)GPS控制网的控制点点位的中误差全部满足±20mm的技术设计要求,并且有96.6%的控制点点位中误差在限差的1/3范围以内,精度较高。使用精密星历和广播星历两种不同的数据处理方法进行数据处理,其坐标互差吻合得较好,全部互差值均在限差允许值的1/2范围以内,且使用精密星历计算的成果精度明显高于使用广播星历计算的成果精度。  相似文献   

2.
福建省CORS系统是地球空间信息服务的重要基础设施,是当代GNSS发展的热点之一。结合工程实际,并综合利用陆态网络观测数据,设计出三种不同方案,对沿海大地控制网进行解算。结果表明,三种方案均具有较好的可靠性,坐标中误差数据显示,由于利用1σ约束CORS站点作为控制的解算方案,大大缩短了基线长度,并使图形结构更加合理,能够获得较强约束陆态网络基准站作为控制方案更好的测量精度。  相似文献   

3.
针对无控制点条件下测绘卫星影像区域网平差迭代难以收敛和影像重叠区域存在接边误差的问题,提出了一种基于基准影像的区域网平差方法。利用资源三号卫星影像进行无控制点条件下的区域网平差时,相对于LEVENBERG MARQUARDT算法,基于基准影像的区域网平差方法能得到较为稳定的平差解和较好的平差精度。为进一步验证方法的适用性,利用异轨长条带天绘一号卫星影像数据进行无控制点条件下的区域网平差。实验结果表明,基于基准影像的区域网平差方法显著优化了卫星影像的内部符合精度,为下一级卫星测绘产品的高精度处理奠定了基础。  相似文献   

4.
利用BERNESE软件双差定位模块与PANDA软件非差精密单点定位模块,处理了中国沿海GNSS观测网2009年120天~365天的数据资料,分别从外符合和内符合精度对结果进行比较分析。结果表明:BERNESE软件双差定位解算出的坐标精度要优于PANDA软件精密单点定位,但相差不大。  相似文献   

5.
起算点精度对GPS基线解算质量的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基线处理时要求知道一个点的坐标,其精度对GPS基线的解算结果有影响。采用实测数据研究起算点精度对GPS基线解算质量的影响,得出了其影响规律,同时给出了提高起算点精度的方法。  相似文献   

6.
针对舟山无人岛"担峙岛"和"茶山岛"缺乏高程基准这一问题,结合测区的特殊地形分布,采用GNSS水准拟合法实现了这两座岛屿的跨海高程基准传递,拟合模型为2次曲面拟合。实验结果表明,GNSS水准拟合法内符合精度在±2 mm范围内,其与三角高程测量法对比的外符合精度为±4.5 mm,本次跨海高程传递质量合格、可靠。  相似文献   

7.
GLOBK软件采用卡尔曼滤波算法对基线解进行网平差,计算之前要对参考站的先验坐标施加适当的约束。使用我国大陆地区8个IGS站的相关数据,讨论了参考站先验坐标施加不同约束时对未知站坐标的影响,并对ITRF2008中各站坐标和速率的相互融洽度进行了分析,结果表明X、Y、Z三方向均约束在0.003~0.010m之间,解算质量较好。GLOBK在定义参考框架时能够自动剔除质量不好的参考站,平差时可以适当多选IGS站作为参考站。  相似文献   

8.
利用研制的GNSS浮标,在海南省清澜湾进行了21.5 h的潮位测量工作,分别使用GAMIT+TRACK和精密单点定位技术(PPP)两种方法对GNSS数据进行解算,并对高频GNSS解算结果进行了巴特沃斯、低通滤波、中值滤波、小波滤波等处理,处理结果与实测潮位数据进行了对比。结果表明:(1)使用GNSS浮标可以进行潮位测量;(2)移动平均滤波或中值滤波对高频GNSS浮标解算数据的处理结果较好,其次为巴特沃斯滤波,小波滤波处理结果较差;(3)在GNSS基准站的支持下,GAMIT+TRACK对GNSS解算结果精度可达1.065 cm,并可以给出绝对高程下的潮位信息;PPP技术解算结果的精度为4.283 cm,但不需要GNSS基准站的支持,可用于远海潮位测量。  相似文献   

9.
基于高速高精度轨道平台,采用成熟非卫星定位测量手段作为其真值,提出了一种检测高精度、高动态GNSS定位测量结果的技术方法。重点研究了高速轨道平台基准的建立,坐标基准、时间基准统一等问题。通过对GNSS数据进行分析,采用两种不同解算软件对定位结果进行验证,为高精度、高动态GNSS设备的使用提供了依据。试验结果表明,多路径效应与速度变化相关性不强,周跳、信噪比受加速度的影响较大,与速度大小相关性较小。  相似文献   

10.
详细介绍了已建立的非2000国家大地坐标系的城市高精度GPS控制网成果到CGCS2000成果进行坐标转换的三种方法,即参考框架和参考历元转换、七参数转换和重新进行网平差;并以某市B级GPS控制网为例,对不同转换方法的精度及误差产生的原因进行了深入的分析,得出了采用七参数进行转换,既能保证成果精度又比重新进行网平差数据处理更简便而且实用的结论。  相似文献   

11.
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.  相似文献   

12.
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.  相似文献   

13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。  相似文献   

14.
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.  相似文献   

15.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.  相似文献   

16.
17.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,  相似文献   

18.
19.
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.  相似文献   

20.
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.  相似文献   

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